We provide the first large-scale statistical investigation of the role of the saliency of (dis)honesty on future behavior in a multi-wave experiment with 1,260 subjects. In the first wave, we vary the saliency of subjects’ past dishonesty and explore the impact on behavior in tasks that include the scope to lie. In the second wave, we vary the degree of competitiveness in one of our core tasks. In a real effort task with individual incentives, being asked to recall experiences that involve honesty, or dishonesty reduces dishonesty in the task. This effect persists, albeit with a smaller effect size, when we purposefully introduce competitive incentives to this task in wave 2. On the other hand, in a competitive environment in which subjects could earn more by lying to their counterparts, inducing them to think more about (dis)honesty pushes them toward becoming more dishonest.

Proponents of climate and energy transition contend that productive investment in green and sustainable infrastructures can reduce global carbon emissions while at the same time unlock potential for a great surge of development. However, under the current regime of financialized capitalism, political economists and financial geographers also question whether transitioning into such a green and decarbonized world economy is actually feasible. With global profits accruing primarily through financial channels and transactions, mission-oriented investment in the real economy is lagging. Besides, global imbalances between Northern and Southern countries and continued reliance on resource use and commodity production further challenge a global and inclusive climate transition. This article addresses these challenges and presents three key avenues of green de-financialization, involving strategies to (i) re-embed finance within sustainable modes of production, (ii) reform regimes of financial governance, and (iii) restrain finance’s role in existing modes of production and consumption. Central to the analysis is that the state needs to provide regulatory frameworks and incentives to make such a change happen. However, with vested financial and corporate interests contesting the shift to global sustainability, it remains to be seen to what degree it can coordinate such a transition at the global level.

Our study aims to (1) understand the impact of student-led knowledge dissemination and (2) examine the effects of multimodal interventions — comprising (i) a video on environmental catastrophes, (ii) pictorial reading materials on environmental issues (iii) lab-based simulated eco-tourism trips. This study involved students enrolled in a subject offered at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, attended by undergraduates from three different degree programmes. These interventions were implemented to examine their impact on both student advocates and their peers, particularly in terms of raising environmental awareness, shaping attitudes and fostering sustainable behavioural intentions (SBI). We equip students to become environmental advocates by providing them with environmental knowledge in class and assessing their ability to effectively share this knowledge with their peers. We conducted an experimental study using a multimodality intervention approach to assess changes in SBI. Study 1 measures the initial SBI without treatment, while Study 2 measures the incremental SBI after treatment. In our experiment, we requested 124 students (advocates) to reach out to at least three friends, and from this outreach, we obtained 401 respondents altogether. Our approach uncovers the effectiveness of same-level knowledge transfer (students to peers), facilitating the spread of environmental knowledge within peer groups.

We give an elementary approach utilizing only the divided difference formalism for obtaining expansions of Schubert polynomials that are manifestly nonnegative, by studying solutions to the equation $\sum Y_i\partial _i=\operatorname {id}$ on polynomials with no constant term. This in particular recovers the pipe dream and slide polynomial expansions. We also show that slide polynomials satisfy an analogue of the divided difference formalisms for Schubert polynomials and forest polynomials, which gives a simple method for extracting the coefficients of slide polynomials in the slide polynomial decomposition of an arbitrary polynomial.

In this study, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of sentiment classification for German language data using three different approaches: (1) dictionary-based methods, (2) fine-tuned transformer models such as BERT and XLM-T and (3) various large language models (LLMs) with zero-shot capabilities, including natural language inference models, Siamese models and dialog-based models. The evaluation considers a variety of German language datasets, including contemporary social media texts, product reviews and humanities datasets. Our results confirm that dictionary-based methods, while computationally efficient and interpretable, fall short in classification accuracy. Fine-tuned models offer strong performance, but require significant training data and computational resources. LLMs with zero-shot capabilities, particularly dialog-based models, demonstrate competitive performance, often rivaling fine-tuned models, while eliminating the need for task-specific training. However, challenges remain regarding non-determinism, prompt sensitivity and the high resource requirements of large LLMs. The results suggest that for sentiment analysis in the computational humanities, where non-English and historical language data are common, LLM-based zero-shot classification is a viable alternative to fine-tuned models and dictionaries. Nevertheless, model selection remains highly context-dependent, requiring careful consideration of trade-offs between accuracy, resource efficiency and transparency.

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), the Principle of Homonymy (Article 52) states that when two or more taxa are distinguished from each other, they must not be denoted by the same name because this would cause confusion. Consequently, in a case of homonymy, only the senior name may be used as valid (Art. 52.2). The ICZN (1999) also indicates that if the rejected junior homonym has no known available and potentially valid synonym, it must be replaced by a new substitute name (Art. 60.3), that is, a replacement name.

This study estimates productivity losses resulting from intellectual decrement due to paediatric lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The published literature on blood lead levels in LMICs was reviewed and summarised. Intelligence Quotient decrement and consequent productivity losses were calculated for a one-year cohort of 5-year-old children in each country. We calculated the present value of lifetime earnings as the discounted average earning potential for workers in a specific economy. Blood lead level (BLL) data for children were available for 39 countries and could be interpolated for additional 82 countries, resulting in 121 countries in the final analysis. Total lead-attributable productivity losses in LMICs ranged from USD 305 billion in our high discount scenario to USD 499 billion in our low discount scenario for each one-year cohort of 5-year-old children (2019 USD). As a share of GDP, these costs ranged from 0.7 to 4.2% by region, depending on discount scenario used. Total economic impacts were generally consistent with previous estimates and further validate those efforts with a substantially expanded dataset. Differences in the findings resulted primarily from the use of a more conservative dose–response model in the present study. Improved reporting of BLLs is essential and could be facilitated through a centralised registry of study results.

Three fossil tube fragments from middle Eocene to late Oligocene strata in western Washington State, USA, are here interpreted as those of ancient Ceriantharia (Hexacorallia, Cnidaria). The tube fragments are 3–6 mm in diameter, up to 60 mm long, and the surfaces show an overlapping, fibrous knitted pattern. This surface pattern resembles that of the extant ceriantharid Cerianthus membranaceus. One specimen has numerous benthic foraminiferans associated with, and apparently even embedded in, the tube wall, analogous to some extant Ceriantharia. These fossils likely represent the first fossil Ceriantharia and indicate that their present-day mode of tube construction using ptychocysts was established at latest by the middle Eocene.