This study examines the role of normative values and stakeholder commitment in the evalua-tion and implementation process of social and organizational innovations in highly regulated systems, using the example of the four-day work week in German healthcare. Based on 26 expert interviews across micro, meso, and macro levels, the study reveals how actor-specific values and institutional contexts shape judgment about ecological, economic, social, and or-ganizational performance sustainability. The findings show that commitment to innovation is not determined solely by functional considerations but emerges in a field of tension between normative aspirations. Stakeholders align themselves differently along axes such as employee vs. patient orientation or short- vs. long-term thinking, resulting in competing innovation scenarios. The study proposes a transferable framework enabling organizations to map stakeholder values, locate areas of tension, and assess the depth and direction of commitment.

While scholarship on feminist foreign policy continues to proliferate, the impact of anti-feminist objectives on foreign policy requires attention. In this article, I critically examine the intersection of abortion politics and U.S. foreign policy, arguing that American foreign policy has long been shaped by an anti-feminist practice. The U.S. has systematically restricted access to abortion abroad for over 50 years through legislation and executive actions. Applying quantitative and qualitative research methods, I trace the history of abortion-related foreign policy from 1973 to 2022, analyze all congressional foreign policy bills referencing abortion, and draw on interviews with legislative staff and issue advocates from the 115th Congress (2017-18) to highlight how anti-abortion advocacy shapes U.S. foreign policy decisions. These findings suggest that while feminist mobilization has constrained anti-abortion efforts domestically in the US, foreign policy remained a key battleground where anti-feminist actors have historically been more successful. This case underscores the importance of analyzing domestic policy dynamics to understand the broader implications of feminist and anti-feminist agendas in international relations.

We consider the Cauchy problem to the 3D fractional Schrödinger equation with quadratic interaction of $u\bar u$ type. We prove the global existence of solutions and scattering properties for small initial data. For the proof, one novelty is that we combine the normal form methods and the space-time resonance methods. Using the normal form transform enables us to have more flexibility in designing the resolution spaces so that we can control various interactions. It is also convenient for the final data problem.

Measure of uncertainty in past lifetime distribution plays an important role in the context of information theory, forensic science and other related fields. In the present work, we propose non-parametric kernel type estimator for generalized past entropy function, which was introduced by Gupta and Nanda [9], under $\alpha$-mixing sample. The resulting estimator is shown to be weak and strong consistent and asymptotically normally distributed under certain regularity conditions. The performance of the estimator is validated through simulation study and a real data set.

Social reproduction offers a critical lens through which to analyse how labour law creates and constructs labour/ers. Socially reproductive work, traditionally ignored in waged labour markets, has been omitted from legal categories that protect workers. Yet these same legal categories that create and construct labour/ers are themselves socially reproduced. In Sicilian agricultural work, social reproduction happens in the extra care that is needed in labour carried out by migrantised workers, as well as the silence that is reproduced by markets that overlook the exploitation buttressing a local economy. The lens of social reproduction connects the work behind the scenes that depends on the complicity, whether wilful or ignorant, of consumers who do not ‘care’ that the labour producing Sicilian Denominazione di Origine Protetta (Protected Designation of Origin, DOP) and Indicazione Geografica Protetta (Protected Geographical Denomination, IGP) products is legally irregular. Contributing to discussions of labour law’s limits, this article addresses how labour exploitation is socially reproduced through the invisibilisation of labour involved in cultivating and harvesting Sicilian DOP olives and IGP tomatoes.

This article explores a continuum of environmental participation, from formalized participation in decision-making processes, protected by law, at one end, to protest on the streets, criminalized by law, at the other. Participation across this continuum is partially constituted, but also constrained, by law. We share and extend Brian Wynne’s evocative language of ‘uninvited’ participation to describe the contributions that fall outside institutionalized participation, so that our continuum is composed of ‘invited participation’, ‘uninvited participation’, and ‘forbidden participation’. Focusing especially on those states where liberal democracy is thought to be most secure, this article looks across the interconnections between different categories of environmental participation, highlighting the breadth and intensity of the shrinking of civic space in Europe, and the role of law in that.

A growing number of Medicaid programs have expanded to employ family members to provide long-term home care to individuals with disabilities, challenging the traditional wisdom that the law systematically denies the economic value of family caregiving. This article qualitatively studies a novel dataset of fair hearing records arising out of one of these programs—New York State’s Consumer-Directed Personal Assistance Program (CDPAP)—and makes two contributions to the literature on care, disability, and the welfare state. First, this article explores the new public/private boundary of care when the state limitedly expands its public care responsibility by compensating some family caregiving, providing a more nuanced picture of how the legal system both values and undervalues care. Second, it contributes to disability law scholars’ debate about medicalization by studying how medicalization works as a state legibility project in the context of state-supported disability care. Especially for traditionally undervalued social goods such as care, medicalization provides some metrics, albeit highly constrained, to make its value visible. Meanwhile, through capturing care recipients and their families’ more expansive understandings of care’s value, this study reveals the constraints of these metrics and supports making the relational dimension of care legible to the state.

Early life, or the neonatal period, is perhaps the most challenging time for ruminant livestock, as they adapt to the extra-uterine environment, undergo important physiological maturation, and navigate harsh ambient conditions. Maternal influences during gestation, especially energy and protein nutrition in late pregnancy, can alter many processes that affect the neonatal period. These processes include fetal growth and development, gestation length, difficulty of parturition, and maternal behavior, which interact to affect offspring vigor at birth. Moreover, colostrum and early milk production and composition are affected by gestational nutrition, and these along with the previous factors affect the neonate’s ability to obtain transfer of passive immunity, thermoregulate, perform basal metabolism, and ultimately survive to weaning. Often, the long-term effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring are attributed solely to the prenatal environment, but it is critical to also consider influences of early life on later productivity and health. More research is needed to integrate these neonatal outcomes with prenatal and postnatal mechanisms as well as later ruminant livestock performance. Better understanding of the maternal environment’s effects on the neonatal period provides opportunity for improved management of ruminant livestock dams and offspring.

This article critically examines the mediating role of teacher and student reflexivity in relation to promotional interest agents within the Global Action Programme on climate change. Regarding reflexivity, Margaret Archer’s basic idea seeks to mediate between agency and structure. Although social structures are considered limiting, it is believed that individuals can still practice personal reflexivity, leading to efforts to think and act critically in responding to climate change. Knowing the role and variations of environmental agent reflexivity in addressing climate change in Indonesian school is important. This study uses critical ethnography, which is intended to describe hidden realities. In a micro-sociological context, teacher’s interactions with students can be empowering and limiting. Both can interact dynamically, sometimes dominating, interdependent, connected and disconnected until connected again. This condition is influenced by the extent to which there is an opportunity for reflective monitoring through dialogue, discussion and deliberation. Referring to Archer’s typology of reflexivity, each environmental agent reflects four modes of internal conversation: communicative reflexivity, autonomous reflexivity, meta-reflexivity and fractured reflexivity. While Archer centres internal conversation in reflexive agency, this study foregrounds silent conversation in digital spaces as a critical bridge between reflection and environmental action in schools.

Choice of law clauses are a central instrument for safeguarding party autonomy. At the same time, it must be ensured that consumers are protected and sufficiently informed, particularly with regard to the applicable law. The CJEU has established important principles in this regard in the Amazon decision. Based on the principles of choice of law in private international law, the article takes a closer look at the protection of the weaker party. The Amazon decision is placed in the system of private international law and justified by taking into account the various functions of information duties.

Traditional compatibilists respond to the Consequence Argument by denying either the fixity of the past or by denying the fixity of the laws, neither of which is without theoretical cost. Recently, however, several authors—Christian List (2019b), Scott Sehon (2016), and Ned Markosian (2012)—have introduced novel approaches to free will that, they claim, imply that determinism is no threat to free will and, thus, that free will and determinism turn out to be compatible. The strategies employed by these authors differ considerably, with one influenced by psychology and decision theory, another by traditional philosophy of action, and the other by the metaphysics of causation. Nevertheless, this article aims to show, first, that these approaches share a common thread and, second, that each implicitly requires us to give up either the fixity of the past or the fixity of the laws (but without making this explicit or explaining how their views are preferable to traditional compatibilist views with respect to giving up the fixity of the past/laws). The article concludes with an important lesson that may be learned from our survey of these novel and interesting, even if ultimately unsuccessful, approaches to compatibilism.

This article analyzes the medicalisation strategies deployed by Peruvian alienists in the daily life of the Lima Asylum during the last third of the 19th century. Special attention is given to the process of hospitalisation of the insane in the psychiatric hospital, since this administrative procedure reveals the dialogue, confrontation, and negotiation between the asylum staff and the state and social bodies in the public management of insanity. Through the support of the civil authorities in charge of the psychiatric hospital administration, we argued that the local alienists sought to impose medical knowledge in the asylum space as the legitimate criterion for the confinement of the insane in Peru. This process was not without tensions, setbacks, and disputes, especially with the families and the state agencies of control and social defence seeking to preserve their former prerogatives over the fate of their insane. However, we propose that these medicalisation strategies promoted by the alienists in the daily space of the Lima Asylum managed to situate psychiatric care as a state problem and these actors as experts in the public management of insanity.

Children with coeliac disease (CD) on a gluten-free diet (GFD) often have poor dietary quality (DQ). A Gluten-Free Food Guide (GFFG) was developed to address this. This pilot randomised controlled trial evaluated the impact of GFFG dietary counselling on DQ and ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in newly diagnosed CD children. Child–parent pairs were randomised to the standard of care only (CON: n 20) or the intervention (INT: standard of care + GFFG; n 20). Primary outcomes included DQ (Healthy Eating Index-Canadian) and UPF intake (NOVA classification), assessed at baseline (BL), 3 and 6 months. In INT, dietary variety scores, a subcomponent of DQ, increased between BL and 3 months (BL: 6·7 (3·3–6·7) v. 3 months: 10 (10–10); P = 0·01) and in higher variety scores than CON at 3 months (P < 0·01). Total DQ and UPF intake remained unchanged. Increased dietary variety in INT was associated with increases in dairy products (BL: 7·5 (sd 3·6) % v. 3 months: 12·4 (sd 6·7) %; P = 0·01) and unsweetened milk (BL: 2·5 (sd 2·2) % v. 3 months: 4·7 (sd 3·0) %; P = 0·01) servings, consumed as a percentage of the total food group servings. These improvements were not observed at 6 months. A greater number of INT children met the GFFG protein recommendation at 3 months (BL: 0/19 v. 3 months: 5/19; P = 0·01), with no change in CON. A single GFFG session improved short-term dietary variety and unsweetened milk intake. Ongoing work addressing the GF food environment, dietitian access and policies to improve DQ are needed.

The entity responsible for preparing and distributing the restatements of U.S. law has commissioned a new Restatement of Conflict of Laws. This effort includes a reworking of the provisions relating to contractual choice of law clauses. In this Article, I describe the draft contractual choice of law provisions. As a governing theme, I highlight the balance between party autonomy and economic efficiency on one hand and respect for democratic sovereign governance on the other hand: a balance that can traced through each of the new draft provisions. I explain how the current draft resembles and differs from the provision on contractual choice of law clauses in the prior restatement on conflict of laws.

‘Democratic innovations’, which enhance citizen participation in decision-making processes, have been proposed to address challenges faced by many democracies. Only recently has research studied these innovations’ legitimacy among the public, which is of importance if innovations are to be viable remedies for democracy’s problems. This paper advances this literature with survey experiments conducted in Ghana. Ghanaians ascribe higher legitimacy to citizen deliberative bodies (mini-publics), open participatory processes, and citizen-elite deliberation processes relative to the status quo. These processes generate more legitimacy among those who do not favor the process outcome. Ghanaians were most favorable towards citizen-elite deliberation, viewing it as more fair, democratic, and likely to ameliorate partisan tensions. I suggest that this is because citizen-elite deliberation is most consistent with Ghanaian understandings of democratic accountability. This highlights the importance of context in shaping democratic reforms’ legitimacy, with implications for theory and reform design.