In many areas of oncology, cancer drugs are now associated with long-term survivorship and mixture cure models (MCM) are increasingly being used for survival analysis. The objective of this article was to propose a methodology for conducting network meta-analysis (NMA) of MCM. This method was illustrated through a case study evaluating recurrence-free survival (RFS) with adjuvant therapy for stage III/IV resected melanoma. For the case study, the MCM NMA was conducted by: (1) fitting MCMs to each trial included within the network of evidence; and (2) incorporating the parameters of the MCMs into a multivariate NMA. Outputs included relative effect estimates for the MCM NMA as well as absolute estimates of survival (RFS), modeled within the Bayesian multivariate NMA, by incorporating absolute baseline effects of the reference treatment. The case study was intended for illustrative purposes of the MCM NMA methodology and is not meant for clinical interpretation. The case study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting an MCM NMA and highlighted key issues and considerations when conducting such analyses, including plausibility of cure, maturity of data, process for model selection, and the presentation and interpretation of results. MCM NMA provides a method of comparative survival that acknowledges the benefit newer treatments may confer on a subset of patients, resulting in long-term survival and reflection of this survival in extrapolation. In the future, this method may provide an additional metric to compare treatments that is of value to patients.

This study uses data from the Corpus of Spoken Yiddish in Europe to compare the acoustic correlates of the length contrast in the peripheral vowels of two regions within the Central Yiddish dialect area: central Poland, considered the more conservative variety, and the Transcarpathian Unterland, hypothesized to have diverged from Polish Yiddish in the prewar period. Findings reveal smaller duration differences in [iː] versus [i] and [aː] versus [a] among Unterland speakers compared to speakers from Poland, with a gender effect in the Unterland showing smaller duration distinctions among women. The duration difference in [uː] versus [u] is significantly smaller than the other vowel pairs in both regions, likely reflecting its ambiguous phonemic status. Vowel quality shows no systematic differences between the two regions. The findings point to the possible influence of population mobility, dialect mixing, geopolitics, and multilingualism on vowel systems.

I show that a neat expression emerges for the number of spheres in each shell of an octahedron composed of close packed spheres, and that from this expression we can compute the value of the packing density for an infinite array of such spheres.

In this research work, a low-profile elliptical microstrip antenna has been designed with a recessed ground structure. A portion of the ground below the substrate has been cut out for the implementation of the recessed ground. Due to the recessed ground, the gain and bandwidth of the conventional antenna are increased along with the shifting of the resonant band toward high-frequency range. First-time theoretical analysis of the recessed ground is performed using a 2-D capacitance model to understand the effect of its dimensions on the dielectric constant of the antenna and the amount of shifting of the primary resonant frequency. A comprehensive parametric study of the dimension of the recessed ground was carried out to optimize the performance of the antenna. The conventional antenna without recessed ground generates a resonant frequency of 2.35 GHz with a resonant band of 2.28–2.4 GHz (S11≤−10dB) and a gain of −1.35 dB. After using optimum rectangular recessed ground, the resonant frequency of the conventional antenna is shifted to 2.58 GHz, occupying the 2.49–2.69 GHz frequency band with 0.5 dB gain. Therefore, the proposed antenna with recessed ground covers the 2.5–2.69 GHz WiMAX application band with enhanced gain and bandwidth.

The paper proposes and studies new classical, type-free theories of truth and determinateness with unprecedented features. The theories are fully compositional, strongly classical (namely, their internal and external logics are both classical), and feature a defined determinateness predicate satisfying desirable and widely agreed principles. The theories capture a conception of truth and determinateness according to which the generalizing power associated with the classicality and full compositionality of truth is combined with the identification of a natural class of sentences—the determinate ones—for which clear-cut semantic rules are available. Our theories can also be seen as the classical closures of Kripke–Feferman truth: their $\omega $-models, which we precisely pin down, result from including in the extension of the truth predicate the sentences that are satisfied by a Kripkean closed-off fixed-point model. The theories compare to recent theories proposed by Fujimoto and Halbach, featuring a primitive determinateness predicate. In the paper we show that our theories entail all principles of Fujimoto and Halbach’s theories, and are proof-theoretically equivalent to Fujimoto and Halbach’s $\mathsf {CD}^{+}$. We also show establish some negative results on Fujimoto and Halbach’s theories: such results show that, unlike what happens in our theories, the primitive determinateness predicate prevents one from establishing clear and unrestricted semantic rules for the language with type-free truth.

This article explores the history and development of British manifestations of a Black diasporic anti-colonial anti-fascist political tradition that stretches across the twentieth century. It centers the experiences and reflections of Black activists and intellectuals in Britain, exploring their efforts to theorize about fascism as a manifestation of white supremacy. The article explores what we can learn about British society and political culture by returning to the overlooked and excluded experiences of Black British activists and intellectuals—in particular, their theoretical and physical encounters with what they called British “fascism” from the 1930s to the 1970s. Journeying from interwar anti-colonial Marxist political writing, Black periodicals in the 1950s and 1960s, to the publications of the British Black Power movement, the article ultimately argues that these encounters confront historians of modern Britain with a different and generative way of thinking about British racism and British fascism in relational terms.

This note offers a preliminary survey of archives containing photographic material – both digitized and nondigitized – related to northern Ghana. Despite the region’s historical marginalization, this condition has not necessarily resulted in a scarcity of sources. On the contrary, numerous archives preserve rich and underexplored photographic documentation. By identifying and describing key collections across institutions such as the White Fathers phototèque, the Ministry of Information in Accra, the University of Cambridge, the British Museum, the Bodleian Library, the Imperial War Museum, the National Archives in London, and the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, this note seeks to illuminate underexplored visual sources.

How do voters react to new political actors? Recent research suggests that radical right party success can provoke electoral backlash. We argue that such backlash is not exclusive to the radical right but can emerge whenever new political actors disrupt the status quo. With very distinct policy positions and behaviour, Green parties were early disruptors of post-war party systems in Europe. Using first-difference and difference-in-differences designs with voting records from Germany, we show that Green party success provoked a conservative backlash. After the Greens entered state parliaments, the Christian Democrats gained support. Using additional evidence from election surveys, we find that Green party success reinforces feelings of animosity among conservatives, mainly driven by disapproval of the Greens’ behaviour. These results highlight a broader pattern of backlash against new disruptive political actors. Our findings are especially relevant as polarization and party system fragmentation intensify across many established democracies.

Climate policy remains inadequate even among leaders like the European Union. This is largely due to opposition from fossil fuel producers and heavy industrial sectors that are existentially threatened by decarbonisation. The rise of green industrial policy promises to advance climate policy by reducing this opposition and mobilising corporate supporters. But can climate policy strategies actually shift the balance of interest group mobilisation among expected winners and losers simply by using different policy instruments? I theorise that policy strategies (de)mobilise corporate interests through regulatory targeting. Corporations directly targeted by a proposed policy are more likely to lobby because of policy-specific informational advantages and more certain and immediate impacts. Compared to traditional climate policies that impose direct costs on fossil fuels, green industrial policies should therefore demobilise high-carbon firms and mobilise their low-carbon counterparts. I collect and code novel data on all corporate responses to online consultations in European Union climate and energy policy from 2017 to 2022. Dyadic regression analyses confirm that low-carbon sectors lobby mostly on green industrial policies while high-carbon sectors mobilise more around traditional climate policies, and that stakeholders are more likely to lobby when directly targeted by policies. These results document that climate policies can indeed determine climate politics, a finding that has implications for other policy areas characterised by business conflict and for interest group scholarship more broadly.

Climate change, urban expansion, and agricultural intensification are increasingly threatening the Netherlands’ in situ archaeological heritage, necessitating the use of advanced methodologies for effective detection, mapping, characterizing, and monitoring of archaeological sites. Over the past decade, significant advancements in sensor technologies for remote sensing and geophysics have emerged that offer more effective, noninvasive solutions in both terrestrial and maritime contexts. Despite their potential, the application and integration of these techniques in Dutch archaeological heritage management remain limited. The ARCfieldLAB project, launched in September 2022 as part of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science, aims to bridge this gap. Its aims are to create a digital platform to disseminate knowledge on innovative sensor technologies, establish a network of archaeological practitioners and sensor specialists, and support multisensor case studies. It has generated strong enthusiasm for this initiative and for cross-disciplinary collaborations on national and international scales. Key challenges include the need for integration into the official Dutch archaeology quality standard protocols and the requirement of metadata standards and data archiving guidelines. Addressing these issues will require continuous investment and a long-term commitment but will have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness and quality of Dutch archaeological fieldwork.

Using high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a lattice Boltzmann framework, the advection-enhanced transport of a passive scalar from a prolate spheroid in simple shear flow has been thoroughly investigated across various parameters, including the spheroid’s aspect ratio, particle-to-fluid density ratio, Reynolds number (defined as ${\textit{Re}}=\textit{GR}^{2}/\nu$, where $G$ is the flow shear rate, $R$ is the radius of a sphere of the same volume as the spheroid and $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid) and Schmidt number (defined as $\textit{Sc}=\nu /D$, where $D$ is the diffusivity of passive scalar transport). The Reynolds number is constrained to the range of 0 ≤ Re ≤ 1, where the prolate spheroid tumbles around its minor axis, aligned with the vorticity axis, in an equilibrium state. Several key findings have emerged: (i) particle inertia significantly influences the uniformity of the spheroid’s tumbling, affecting flow patterns around the spheroid and, consequently, the modes of scalar transport; (ii) both uniform and non-uniform tumbling generate a scalar line in the fluid with elevated scalar concentration, which sweeps through the wake region and merges with clusters of previously formed scalar lines; (iii) fluid passing over the spheroid carries the passive scalar downstream along these scalar lines; (iv) variations in the uniformity of spheroid tumbling result in distinct flow patterns and scalar transport modes, leading to different transport rates; (v) within the studied parameter ranges, increased particle inertia enhances the scalar transport rate; (vi) when particle inertia is minimal, the dimensionless scalar transport rate for different aspect ratios converges to a common dependence on the Péclet number. These phenomena are analysed in detail.

Regular physical activity for adults is associated with optimal appetite regulation, though little work has been performed in adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a study examining appetite across a range of physical activity and adiposity levels in adolescent males. Healthy males (n 46, 14–18 years old) were recruited across four body weight and activity categories: normal weight/high active (n 11), normal weight/low active (n 13), overweight, obese/high active (n 14), overweight and obese/low active (n 8). Participants from each group completed a 6-h appetite assessment session on Day 0, followed immediately by a 14-day free-living physical activity and dietary assessment period on Days 1–14, and a fitness test session occurring between Days 15–18. Subjective and objective assessment of appetite, resting energy expenditure, body composition using dual energy absorptiometry and thermic effect of feeding (TEF) was conducted on Day 0. Physiological variables in the normal weight low active group that were different than their peers included lower fat-free mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose/fullness response to a standardised meal, TEF in response to a standardised meal, lower self-rated fullness and satiety and higher self-rated hunger to a standardised meal. Conversely, the overweight, obese high active group displayed better subjective appetite responses, but higher insulin responses to a standardised meal. Taken together, these results suggest that physical inactivity during adolescence has a negative impact on metabolic health and appetite control, which may contribute to future weight gain.

Popular narratives suggest that the effects of Christian nationalism should be more heavily concentrated among white Americans. The academic literature on Christian nationalism largely reflects this take, often asserting that it is effectively white Christian nationalism. We question such pronouncements, as they have come without systematic analysis across the broad range of issue areas needed to justify subgroup segmentations. Utilizing national oversamples of Black and Latino Christians (alongside white Christians), we assess the relationship between standard measures of Christian nationalism and attitudes toward policies that vary in their degree of racialization. Our findings qualify typical narratives: consistent with a theory of Christian nationalism as sacralized in-group protection, we find effects that diverge by racial groups on racialized issues but otherwise converge. We close by discussing the implications of these findings and offering suggestions for future work linking race with Christian nationalism.

In recent years, measuring hair cortisol concentration in dairy cows has gained popularity as a welfare indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in dairy cows as an indicator of dairy cow welfare. A total of 290 cows from six commercial herds located in Spain, Italy and Finland (two herds each) were included in the study. A hair sample was taken from each cow and cut into two parts (study period T1 and T2). HCC was measured using an automated assay based on a competitive solid phase chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Data relevant to each animal and its welfare (animal-based assessment according to the Welfare Quality protocol, veterinary treatments, meteorological data, cows’ parity and stage of lactation) were collected during the study. The welfare data were used to categorize cows into three welfare classes at each study period (T1 and T2), representing animals with good, medium and poor welfare. Analytical validation of the HCC automated assay was performed on a sub-sample of collected hair and included determination of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and stability of the method. A linear mixed model was fitted to explore the associations between log transferred HCC and welfare class, herd, stage of lactation, parity and season. The results of analytical validation showed that the HCC automated assay method was accurate and able to measure HCC in a linear manner with inter- and intra-assay precision with CVs less than 15%. HCC was explained by the variables herd, cow parity and study period (T1 or T2). We found no evidence that lactation stage and welfare class explained HCC at the individual animal level. This study highlights the challenges of using HCC as an indicator of animal welfare on commercial farms.