Many theories have been advanced to account for a presumed uniformity in the temperature of the earth in past ages, and one of the most recent is that advanced by Sir John Murray in the Summary Volumes of the Challenger Report. A careful study of the distribution of marine fauna showed the existence of remarkably similar organic forms in the Arctic and Antarctic regions which were entirely unknown in intermediate waters. The existence, also, of ancient corals in Polar seas points to a high Polar temperature at some remote period of the earth's history. These facts combined lead us to consider it probable that in some past age the earth's air temperature was high and uniform.

In 1730 there was published Stirling's Methodus Differentialis, and in it (Prop. VIII., p. 44) he considers the Difference Equation

and shows that it is satisfied by an inverse factorial series

If we express ezλ, qua function of λ, in terms of λeλ by Langrange's theorem we find, for |λ| sufficiently small,

If we now regard λ as a parameter and z as the independent variable then (1.1) can be written

Supposing, therefore, that a function is of the form then

In this article we prove that in every infinite dimensional separable Fréchet space there is a dense barrelled subspace which is not the inductive limit of Bairehyperplane spaces.

Throughout this note, N will denote a (Left) near-ring with two-sided zero. Definitions of basic concepts can be found in (9).

We prove first that a right ideal I in a d.g. near-ring has a right identity if and only if x ∈ xI for each x ∈I. This enables us to study the structure of regular d.g. near-rings with chain conditions on right annihilators. Specifically we will prove that a regular d.g. near-ring with both the maximum and the minimum conditions on right annihilators is a finite direct sum of near-rings which are either rings of matrices over division rings or non-rings of the form MG(Γ) for a suitable type 2 N-module Γ. Finally we consider the case of maximum condition on N-subgroups.

Harnack inequalities are known to be of great importance in the theory of quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations. In the case of such equations defined over a domain Ω in Rn, inequalities of this type have been proved for solutions of second-order equations in divergence form which are of either elliptic or degenerate elliptic structure. More recently Bombieri and Giusti (2) have proved a Harnack inequality for solutions of linear elliptic equations on a minimal surface in Rn+1. The equations are of the form

where summation over i, j = 1, …, n+l is understood, and δ = (δ1, …, δn+1) is the tangential derivative on S. In (2), the inequality is used to give much simplified proofs of some classical results on minimal surfaces, and to generalise some more recent ones.

If X and Y are Tychonoff spaces then the continuous function f mapping X onto Y is said to be compact (perfect, or proper) if it is closed and point inverses are compact. If h is a continuous function mapping X onto Y then by a compactification of h we mean a pair (X*, h*) where X* is Tychonoff and contains X as a dense subspace, and where h*: X*→Y is a compact extension of h. The idea of a mapping compactification first appeared in (7). In (1) it was shown that any compactification of X determines a compactification of h, and that any compactification of h can be determined in this way. This idea was then developed in (2) and (3).