We derive an optimal eigenvalue ratio estimate for finite weighted graphs satisfying the curvature-dimension inequality CD(0, ∞). This estimate is independent of the size of the graph and provides a general method to obtain higher-order spectral estimates. The operation of taking Cartesian products is shown to be an efficient way for constructing new weighted graphs satisfying CD(0, ∞). We also discuss a higher-order Cheeger constant-ratio estimate and related topics about expanders.

We invoke the classical fact that the algebra of bi-invariant forms on a compact connected Lie group G is naturally isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology H*dR(G) itself. Then, we show that when a flat connection A exists on a principal G-bundle P, we may construct a homomorphism EA: H*dR(G)→H*dR(P), which eventually shows that the bundle satisfies a condition for the Leray–Hirsch theorem. A similar argument is shown to apply to its adjoint bundle. As a corollary, we show that that both the flat principal bundle and its adjoint bundle have the real coefficient cohomology isomorphic to that of the trivial bundle.

In this article, we give an analytic construction of ALF hyperkähler metrics on smooth deformations of the Kleinian singularity $\mathbb{C}^{2}/{\mathcal{D}}_{k}$ , with ${\mathcal{D}}_{k}$ the binary dihedral group of order $4k$ , $k\geqslant 2$ . More precisely, we start from the ALE hyperkähler metrics constructed on these spaces by Kronheimer, and use analytic methods, e.g. resolution of a Monge–Ampère equation, to produce ALF hyperkähler metrics with the same associated Kähler classes.

We study the convex feasibility problem in $\text{CAT}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D705})$ spaces using Mann’s iterative projection method. To do this, we extend Mann’s projection method in normed spaces to $\text{CAT}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D705})$ spaces with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}\geq 0$ , and then we prove the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ -convergence of the method. Furthermore, under certain regularity or compactness conditions on the convex closed sets, we prove the strong convergence of Mann’s alternating projection sequence in $\text{CAT}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D705})$ spaces with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}\geq 0$ .

We show how to deform a metric of the form g = gr + dr2 to a metric = Hr + dr2, which is a hyperbolic metric for r less than some fixed λ, and coincides with g for r large. Here by hyperbolic metric we mean a metric of constant sectional curvature equal to -1. We study the extent to which is close to hyperbolic everywhere, if we assume g is close to hyperbolic. A precise definition of the close to hyperbolic concept is given. We also deal with a one-parameter version of this problem. The results in this paper are used in the problem of smoothing Charney–Davis strict hyperbolizations.

We prove a compactness theorem for metrics with bounded integral curvature on a fixed closed surface $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}$. As a corollary we obtain a new convergence result for sequences of metrics with conical singularities, where an accumulation of singularities is allowed.

We extend T. Y. Thomas’s approach to projective structures, over the complex analytic category, by involving the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$-connections. This way, a better control of projective flatness is obtained and, consequently, we have, for example, the following application: if the twistor space of a quaternionic manifold $P$ is endowed with a complex projective structure then $P$ can be locally identified, through quaternionic diffeomorphisms, with the quaternionic projective space.

We discuss the cobordism type of spin manifolds with non-negative sectional curvature. We show that in each dimension 4k ⩾ 12, there are infinitely many cobordism types of simply connected and non-negatively curved spin manifolds. Moreover, we raise and analyse a question about possible cobordism obstructions to non-negative curvature.

We describe the structure of the Ricci tensor on a locally homogeneous Lorentzian gradient Ricci soliton. In the non-steady case, we show that the soliton is rigid in dimensions 3 and 4. In the steady case we give a complete classification in dimension 3.

Let Mn, n ≥ 3, be a complete hypersurface in $\mathbb{S}$n+1. When Mn is compact, we show that Mn is a homology sphere if the squared norm of its traceless second fundamental form is less than $\frac{2(n-1)}{n}$. When Mn is non-compact, we show that there are no non-trivial L2 harmonic p-forms, 1 ≤ p ≤ n − 1, on Mn under pointwise condition. We also show the non-existence of L2 harmonic 1-forms on Mn provided that Mn is minimal and $\frac{n-1}{n}$-stable. This implies that Mn has only one end. Finally, we prove that there exists an explicit positive constant C such that if the total curvature of Mn is less than C, then there are no non-trivial L2 harmonic p-forms on Mn for all 1 ≤ p ≤ n − 1.

The displacement λ-convexity of a non-standard entropy with respect to a non-local transportation metric in finite state spaces is shown using a gradient flow approach. The constant λ is computed explicitly in terms of a priori estimates of the solution to a finite-difference approximation of a non-linear Fokker–Planck equation. The key idea is to employ a new mean function, which defines the Onsager operator in the gradient flow formulation.

Almost-flat manifolds were defined by Gromov as a natural generalization of flat manifolds and as such share many of their properties. Similarly to flat manifolds, it turns out that the existence of a spin structure on an almost-flat manifold is determined by the canonical orthogonal representation of its fundamental group. Utilizing this, we classify the spin structures on all four-dimensional almost-flat manifolds that are not flat. Out of 127 orientable families, we show that there are exactly 15 that are non-spin, the rest are, in fact, parallelizable.

The convergence and blow-up results are established for the evolution of non-simple closed curves in an area-preserving curvature flow. It is shown that the global solution starting from a locally convex curve converges to an m-fold circle if the enclosed algebraic area A0 is positive, and evolves into a point if A0 = 0.

We establish the compactness of the moduli space of noncollapsed Calabi–Yau spaces with mild singularities. Based on this compactness result, we develop a new approach to study the weak compactness of Riemannian manifolds.

We show that closed $\mathbb{S}\text{ol}^{3}\times \mathbb{E}^{1}$ -manifolds are Seifert fibred, with general fibre the torus, and base one of the flat 2-orbifolds $T,Kb,\mathbb{A},\mathbb{M}b,S(2,2,2,2),P(2,2)$ or $\mathbb{D}(2,2)$ , and outline how such manifolds may be classified.

Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold and $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\}$ be a big cohomology class. We prove several results about the singularity type of full mass currents, answering a number of open questions in the field. First, we show that the Lelong numbers and multiplier ideal sheaves of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ -plurisubharmonic functions with full mass are the same as those of a current with minimal singularities. Second, given another big and nef class $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\}$ , we show the inclusion ${\mathcal{E}}(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D702})\cap \operatorname{PSH}(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})\subset {\mathcal{E}}(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})$ . Third, we characterize big classes whose full mass currents are ‘additive’. Our techniques make use of a characterization of full mass currents in terms of the envelope of their singularity type. As an essential ingredient we also develop the theory of weak geodesics in big cohomology classes. Numerous applications of our results to complex geometry are also given.

In this paper, we give some rigidity results for both harmonic and pseudoharmonic maps from pseudo-Hermitian manifolds into Riemannian manifolds or Kähler manifolds. Some foliated results, pluriharmonicity and Siu–Sampson type results are established for both harmonic maps and pseudoharmonic maps.

By means of several counterexamples, the impossibility to obtain an analogue of the Chen lower estimation for the total mean curvature of any compact submanifold in Euclidean space for the case of compact space-like submanifolds in Lorentz–Minkowski spacetime is shown. However, a lower estimation for the total mean curvature of a four-dimensional compact space-like submanifold that factors through the light cone of six-dimensional Lorentz–Minkowski spacetime is proved by using a technique completely different from Chen's original one. Moreover, the equality characterizes the totally umbilical four-dimensional round spheres in Lorentz–Minkowski spacetime. Finally, three applications are given. Among them, an extrinsic upper bound for the first non-trivial eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the induced metric on a four-dimensional compact space-like submanifold that factors through the light cone is proved.

In this paper we prove the conjecture of Molino that for every singular Riemannian foliation $(M,{\mathcal{F}})$ , the partition $\overline{{\mathcal{F}}}$ given by the closures of the leaves of ${\mathcal{F}}$ is again a singular Riemannian foliation.

Discrete linear Weingarten surfaces in space forms are characterized as special discrete $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$-nets, a discrete analogue of Demoulin’s $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$-surfaces. It is shown that the Lie-geometric deformation of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$-nets descends to a Lawson transformation for discrete linear Weingarten surfaces, which coincides with the well-known Lawson correspondence in the constant mean curvature case.