We construct a universal function φ on the real line such that, for every continuously differentiable function f the range of f – φ has measure zero. We then apply this to obtain results on curve packing that generalize the Besicovitch set. In particular, we show that given a continuously differentiable family of measurable curves, there exists a plane set of measure zero containing a translate of each curve in the family. Examples are given to show that the differentiability hypothesis cannot be weakened to a Lipschitz condition of order α for any 0<α<1.

For a given vector measure n, an important problem, but in practice a difficult one, is to give a concrete description of the dual space of L1(n). In this note such a description is presented for an important class of measures n, namely the spectral measures (in the sense of N. Dunford) and certain other vector and operator-valued measures that they naturally induce. The basic idea is to represent the L1-spaces of such measures as a more familiar space whose dual space is known.

The notion of strong lifting compactness is introduced for completely regular Hausdorff spaces, and its structural properties, as well as its relationship to the strong lifting, to measure compactness, and to lifting compactness, are discussed. For metrizable locally convex spaces under their weak topology, strong lifting compactness is characterized by a list of conditions which are either measure theoretical or topological in their nature, and from which it can be seen that strong lifting compactness is the strong counterpart of measure compactness in that case.

We present a systematic and self-contained exposition of the generalized Riemann integral in a locally compact Hausdorff space, and we show that it is equivalent to the Perron and variational integrals. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for its equivalence to the Lebesgue integral with respect to a suitably chosen measure.

The history of the proof of the integration by parts formula for the Perron integral, and for the SCP-integral of Burkill, is discussed.

In a recent paper Taylor and Tricot [10] introduced packing measures in ℝd. We modify their definition slightly to extend it to a general metric space. Our main concern is to show that in any complete separable metric space every analytic set of non-σ-finite h-packing measure contains disjoint compact subsets each of non-σ-finite measure. The corresponding problem for Hausdorff measures is discussed, but not completely resolved, in Rogers' book [7]. We also show that packing measure cannot be attained by taking the Hausdorff measure with respect to a different increasing function using another metric which generates the same topology. This means that the class of pacing measures is distinct from the class of Hausdorff measures.

For a weakly (, )-distributive vector lattice V, it is proved that a V{}-valued Baire measure 0 on a locally compact Hausdorff space T admits uniquely regular Borel and weakly Borel extensions on T if and only if 0 is strongly regular at . Consequently, for such a vector lattice V every V-valued Baire measure on a locally compact Hausdorff space T has unique regular Borel and weakly Borel extensions. Finally some characterisations of a weakly (, )-distributive vector lattice are given in terms of the existence of regular Borel (weakly Borel) extensions of certain V{}-valued Barie measures on locally compact Hausdorff spaces.

Bassed on the intrinsic structure of a selfmapping T: S → S of an arbitrary set S, called the orbit-structure of T, a new entropy is defined. The idea is to use the number of preimages of an element x under the iterates of T to characterize the complexity of the transformation T and their orbit graphs. The fundamental properties of the orbit entropy related to iteration, iterative roots and iteration semigroups are studied. For continuous (differentiable) functions of Rn to Rn, the chaos of Li and Yorke is characterized by means of this entropy, mainly using the method of Straffingraphs.

If E is a subset of ℝn (n ≥ 1) we define the distance set of E as

The best known result on distance sets is due to Steinhaus [11], namely, that, if E ⊂ ℝn is measurable with positive n-dimensional Lebesgue measure, then D(E) contains an interval [0, ε) for some ε > 0. A number of variations of this have been examined, see Falconer [6, p. 108] and the references cited therein.

It is shown that a weakly compact convex set in a locally convex space is a zonoform if and only if it is the order continuous image of an order interval in a Dedekind complete Riesz space. While this result implies the Kluv´nek characterization of the range of a vector measure, the techniques of the present paper are purely order theoretic.

If E1 and E2 are subsets of ℝn and a- is an isometry or similarity transformation, it is useful to be able to estimate the Hausdorff dimension of E1 ∩ σ(E2) in terms of the dimensions of E1 and E2. If E1 and E2 are compact, then, as σvaries, dim (El ∩ σ(E2)) is “in general” at most max (dim E1 + dim E2 − n, 0) and “often” at least this value (see Mattila [9] and Kahane [7] for more precise statements of these ideas). However, as we shall see, it is possible to construct non-compact sets E of any given dimension that are “sufficiently dense” in ℝn to ensure that dim (E ∩ σ(E)) = dim E for all similarities σ More generally, we shall show that for each s there are large classes of sets & of dimensions between s and n, closed under reasonable transformations including similarities, such that the intersection of any countable collection of sets in & has dimension at least s. Such collections of sets are required, for example, in the constructions of subsets of ℝn with certain dimensional properties given by Davies [1] and Falconer [5].

Si E et F sont deux espaces vectoriels en dualité séparante, M+(E, F) désigne le cône des mesures coniques positives sur E mis en dualité avec F, c'est à dire le cônes des formes postives sur le treillis de fonctions sur E engendré par F. Ce sont des objets plus généraux que les mesures cylindriques admettant des moments finis d'ordre un.

On part d'abord d'une mesure conique représentée par une mesure de Radon sur le complété faible de E et on donne des critéres (par exemple R.N.P.) pour qu'elle le soit sur l'espace E lui-même.

On étudie ensuite les cônes faiblement complets saillants (classe L) contenus dans un espace de Banach ou dans le dual d'un espace de Fréchet F; on montre notamment qu' un cône faiblement fermé contenu dans F′ est dans Lsi son polaire dans F est positivement engendré.

Si B est un espace de Banach et 11 ⊄ B, on cherche à prologner une μ ∈ M+(B′, B) en un élement de M+ (B′, B″). On montre également que, si X est un convexe compact, toute fonction vérifiant le calcul barycentrique sur X est continue sur des ensembles fixes que l'on précise.

Enfin on donne des conditions (de type bornologique) sur un e.l.c.s E, permettant d'interpréter une μ ∈ M+ (E, E′) comme une mesure conique sur un espace normé.

A basic notion in the classical theory of differentiation is that of a differentiation base. However, some differentiation type theorems only require the less restricted notion of a contraction. We demonstrate that the classical criteria, such as the covering criteria of de Possel, continue to hold in the new setting.

The results we present were motivated by the product measure problem for Baire measures. For two completely regular Hausdorff spaces X and Y, with totally finite a- additive measures μ and ν defined on the Baire σ- algebras ℬ0(X) and ℬ0(Y) respectively, under what conditions may we define a measure λ on the Baire σ-algebra ℬ0(X × Y), extending the product measure μ ⊗ ν defined on the product σ-algebra ℬ0(X) × ℬ0(Y) and satisfying a Fubini theorem?

Cardinal functions of topologies have been extensively studied. Cardinal functions of measures have attracted less interest, perhaps because there are fewer straightforward results which are independent of special axioms. In this paper I consider the “additivity” and “cofinality” of a measure (Definition 1) and show that they can often be calculated in terms of certain fundamental cardinals (Corollary 11 and Theorem 16).

V. Krishnamurthy has shown that on a finite set X all topologies can be mapped into a certain set of matrices of zeros and ones. In this paper it is shown that all lattices, algebras and rings on a finite set X can be mapped onto particular sets of matrices of zeros and ones.

In 1942 Piccard [10] gave an example of a set of real numbers whose sum set has zero Lebesgue measure but whose difference set contains an interval. About thirty years later various authors (Connolly, Jackson, Williamson and Woodall) in a series of papers constructed F σ sets E in ℝ such that E – E contains an interval while the K-fold sum set

has zero Lebesgue measure for progressively larger values of k.

It is shown that a positive measure μ on the Borel subsets of Rk is translation-bounded if and only if the Fourier transform of the indicator function of every bounded Borel subset of Rk belongs to L2(μ).

We define s-dimensional Hausdorff outer measure on subsets of ℝn by

Here | | denotes the diameter of a set. The Souslin sets, which include the Borel sets, are Hs-measurable for any s ≥ 0.

In July 1982, I was asked by Prof. Jorgen Hoffmann-Jorgensen to construct an uncountable compact set K in the line which was symmetric about 0 and had the property that, for all n, the set of sums of n-tuples from K has measure 0. There are two equivalent conditions: the set of such sums should never contain an interval, or K* ≠ ℝ, where K* is the subgroup of (ℝ, +) generated by K. I did so, and the set I constructed had entropy dimension 0 (and thus also Hausdorff dimension 0). Hoffmann-Jorgensen showed that every set of entropy dimension 0 would exhibit the same behaviour. However, I did not believe that the essence of the example lay in its dimension, and I here modify my construction so that the set K has dimension 1 (and thus also entropy dimension 1), while K* ≠ ℝ, as before. By contrast, the Cantor ternary set has dimension log3(2), but the set of differences is the interval [ –1, 1], so that it does generate ℝ. It follows that the property under consideration is arithmetical rather than dimensional.