We report a case of foetal-onset biventricular noncompaction with an MYH7 variant. Prenatal fetal hydrops and right heart failure resolved after birth, but progressive left heart failure developed at 5 months. This transition reflects how postnatal hemodynamic changes influence the biventricular noncompaction phenotype, necessitating vigilant monitoring for left heart failure in foetal-onset biventricular noncompaction cases with MYH7 variants.

The role of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially linoleic acid (LA) in adiposity, remains contested. While clinical interventions suggest improved body composition with higher LA intake, observational evidence using dietary data is inconsistent, and few studies consider circulating fatty acids or longitudinal changes in adiposity. Using multivariable linear models, we evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between omega-6 PUFAs and waist circumference (WC), weight, and whole-body fat mass (FM) in the UK Biobank Cohort. Cross-sectionally (N=272,587, 54% female, mean age 57 years), higher circulating LA was inversely associated with WC, weight, and FM. Participants in the highest versus lowest quintile of LA had significantly smaller WC [–11.04 (–11.17, –10.91) cm], lower weight [–11.77 (–11.92, –11.62) kg], and lower FM [–7.87 (–7.97, –7.77) kg]. Associations for total omega-6 were generally consistent with those for LA. Conversely, non-LA omega-6 was positively associated with WC [1.46 (1.32, 1.61) cm], weight [2.41 (2.25, 2.58) kg], and FM [1.81 (1.69, 1.92) kg]. Longitudinal analyses (N=58,335, 51% female, mean age 55 years) largely corroborate these patterns, with annual changes in WC, weight, and FM inversely associated with LA and positively associated with non-LA omega-6. Higher circulating LA, but not non-LA omega-6, was associated with lower WC, weight, and FM both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Our findings potentially support dietary recommendations to promote LA-rich oils. Divergent associations between LA and non-LA omega-6 caution against treating omega-6 PUFAs as a homogenous group. Examining distinct health effects of individual non-LA omega-6 are warranted.

Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries and disproportionately affecting children under five. Eggs, given their high nutrient density and relative physical or economic accessibility, have been tested for their effect on improving nutritional outcomes in children under five. However, findings from scientific exercises to test the impact of egg-based trials on child growth have not been systhematically pooled and synthesised. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence on the impact of egg-based interventions on the nutritional status of children underfive as determined by weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), and height-for-age z-score (HAZ). Research articles of randomised controlled trials published between 2013 and 2023 were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Index Medicus data bases. Articles evaluated the effect of egg-based interventions against alternative diets, behaviour-change education, or no alternative intervention were included. Primary outcomes are WHZ, WAZ, and HAZ. Random-effects models were used to pool effect sizes (mean difference), and subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Seven studies involving 3673 children met the inclusion criteria. Egg-based intervention significantly improved WAZ (MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11–0.55) and WHZ (MD: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.48). However, no significant effect was observed on HAZ (MD: 0.05; 95% CI: –0.05–0.14). It is figuredout that egg-based interventions can improve weight-related nutritional outcomes (WHZ and HAZ) among children underfive in sub-Saharan Africa, but not linear growth (HAZ).

This longitudinal, prospective, multicenter observational cohort study investigates the associations between maternal nutritional status—assessed using the first trimester SIMPLE score and pregestational BMI—and fetal growth trajectories and velocity, as proxies for intrauterine development. Healthy women with singleton pregnancies undergoing first trimester screening were enrolled. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle was evaluated using the SIMPLE score, categorizing participants into low (<6) and high (≥6) adherence groups. Fetal growth parameters - including biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), estimated fetal weight (EFW)- were assessed during second and third trimester ultrasounds, and birth outcomes were recorded. Multi-adjusted linear mixed models examined associations between SIMPLE score groups, individual score items, pregestational BMI, and fetal growth, with analyses stratified by fetal sex. Out of 938 enrolled women, 109 (11.6%) were classified as the low adherence group. Multi-adjusted linear mixed models showed that low adherence was associated with decreased EFW acceleration from the second to the third trimester. Stratification by fetal sex confirmed the association only among male fetuses. Analysis of pregestational BMI and individual SIMPLE score items revealed significant positive associations between pregestational BMI, AC, and EFW growth velocity, and a negative association between first trimester hemoglobin [>110 g/l] and EFW growth velocity. Overall, these findings confirm the clinical utility of the SIMPLE score, demonstrating significant associations with intrauterine growth trajectories and velocity, independent of other markers of nutritional status (e.g., pregestational BMI).

Elevated LDL-cholesterol concentration is a major risk factor for CVD. Regular consumption of marine fish and seafood is associated with a reduced risk of CVD, although the n-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA have no cholesterol-lowering effect when given in physiologically relevant doses. Recent studies have demonstrated a lower LDL-cholesterol concentration in rodents after intake of cetoleic acid (CA, C22:1n-11), found in pelagic fish species such as herring. The primary aim was to investigate the effect of consuming capsules containing CA on LDL-cholesterol concentration in adults with overweight or obesity. The study was designed as a randomised clinical trial with two arms. Eighty participants were enrolled, and data from 75 participants were included in the statistical analyses. Participants consumed capsules containing either a CA concentrate (CECO group; 1480 mg CA and 232 mg EPA per day) or soyabean oil mixed with a n-3 PUFA concentrate without CA as comparator arm (SOYO3 group; 258 mg EPA/day) for eight weeks. The within-group changes in LDL-cholesterol were compared using ANCOVA with changes in body fat percentage as covariate. The LDL-cholesterol concentration was decreased from baseline to 8 weeks in the CECO group (n 37, median -0.1 (quartiles -0.1, 0.0) mmol/L) in comparison to the SOYO3 group (n 38, median 0.2 (quartiles 0.1, 0.2) mmol/L), with F=19.35, P=0.033 and ηp2 = 0.212, corresponding to approximately 7% reduction in the CECO group relative to the SOYO3 group. To conclude, 8 weeks of dietary supplementation with CECO decreased the LDL-cholesterol concentration in adults with overweight or obesity.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, often exacerbated by chronic inflammation. This study aims to investigate the effects of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), a measure of the inflammatory potential of diet, on cardiometabolic risk factors in women with PCOS. We hypothesized positive associations between DII and adverse cardiometabolic profile in PCOS. In this case-control study, thirty-eight women with PCOS (mean age 21.6 years, BMI 26.3 kg/m2) and 39 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (mean age 21.2 years, BMI 25.9 kg/m2) were included. Clinical, hormonal and biochemical assessments were conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate DII. Women with PCOS exhibited significantly higher fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and a more adverse lipid profile compared to healthy controls, indicating increased cardiometabolic risk. These differences remained significant after adjusting for the DII, suggesting they are primarily attributable to PCOS, as shown by ANCOVA analysis. In contrast, higher TyG, CMI, and VAI values observed in the PCOS group were largely explained by DII. Furthermore, DII was positively associated with anthropometric and biochemical markers, including waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and cardiovascular risk indices, indicating that higher dietary inflammation is linked to poorer cardiometabolic health in women with PCOS. A pro-inflammatory dietary pattern, reflected by a higher DII score, is associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk factors in women with PCOS. These findings underscore the importance of dietary inflammation in the pathophysiology of PCOS and support anti-inflammatory dietary strategies to mitigate associated risks.

The aim is to examine the relationship between factors thought to potentially influence weight gain, such as sustainable nutrition (SN) behavior and plate clearing tendency (PCT) during pregnancy, and gestational weight gain (GWG). This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 340 women in the last trimester of pregnancy. Study data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire form between October-December 2024. PCT is lower among younger women, those with low income and those with insufficient GWG (p<0.05). SN behaviors are higher in those who are older, have higher education levels, lower income and moderate physical activity (p<0.05). A negative correlation was found between food preference, a component of SN behaviors, and GWG (p<0.05). In the binary logistic regression model, higher pre-pregnancy BMI significantly increased the likelihood of excessive GWG (OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.332–1.665, p<0.001), whereas high physical activity was found to be protective against excessive GWG (OR=0.214, 95% CI:0.061–0.747, p=0.016). It was determined that pre-pregnancy BMI was higher and physical activity was lower in those with excessive GWG, in addition, food preference, one of the factors of SN behavior, affected weight gain. Food preference can be considered as a factor that may affect GWG.