To assess the purchases and prices of unprocessed or minimally processed foods according to the type of food outlet and household income.

Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2017–2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Food acquisition and income were the variables of interest. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods were identified according to the NOVA classification, and the shares of energy (kcal) and quantity (grams), as well as prices paid, were analysed. Food outlets were grouped into nine types. Household income per person was assessed in quintiles (Q). Descriptive analyses were conducted.

Brazil.

A nationally representative sample of 57 920 households.

The amount of unprocessed or minimally processed foods acquired varied from 320 g (Q1 of income) to 493 g (Q5). The increase in income had a positive effect on the share of foods purchased in supermarkets (Q1: 27·6 % v. Q5: 63·8 %) and fruit and vegetable retailers (Q1: 1·5 % v. Q4: 4·6 %). In contrast, an inverse relation was observed for Mini-markets (Q1: 34·9 % v. Q5: 16·2 %), butchers (Q1: 6·8 % v. Q5: 2·3 %), street markets (Q1: 13·3 % v. Q5: 3·8 %) and street food vendors (Q1: 5·3 % v. Q5: 1·0 %). The price paid for unprocessed or minimally processed foods in supermarkets, mini-markets, butchers and street markets was positively associated with income, which means that a higher mean price was observed in the highest income quintile.

The availability and affordability of unprocessed or minimally processed foods differed according to food outlets and were influenced by income level.

This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing the nutrition knowledge (NK) of Italian adult women regarding the relationship between diet, lifestyle and bone health.

A thirty-item questionnaire in Italian was developed by experts based on a literature review. Participants completed the questionnaire twice, with a 2–4 week gap between the two administrations. During the initial administration, weight and height were recorded using a mechanical scale and a stadiometer, while bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck and total femur were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases at the Parma University Hospital, from January 2022 to June 2024.

Women aged 45–75 years old, native Italian speakers, undergoing DXA at the Centre participated.

The sample included 295 women with a median age of 63 years (interquartile range 11·5). The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0·698) and high temporal stability (R = 0·810, P = 0·002), effectively differentiating between individuals with and without a nutritional background. Regression analysis indicated negative associations between NK score and age (β1 = –0·130, P < 0·001) and BMI (β1 = –0·193, P < 0·001).

The NutriBone questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating NK related to bone health in Italian adult women undergoing DXA, with potential for future research applications.

To define the incidence of donor-derived infection (DDI) in recipients of solid organ transplant (SOT) from donors with positive blood cultures and to assess the impact of shorter versus longer duration of targeted preemptive antibiotic therapy (PAT).

Retrospective, single-center, cohort study.

Mayo Clinic Arizona.

Recipients transplanted between 1/1/2019 and 7/1/2024 who received an organ from a donor with positive blood cultures.

The primary outcome was incidence of DDI. Secondary outcomes included duration of PAT and incidence of donor blood culture contamination.

Among 199 SOT recipients from 167 unique donors with positive blood cultures, two recipients developed confirmed DDI within 30 days of SOT. Both cases were gram negative bacillary bacteremia not treated in donors and occurred immediately posttransplant prior to adequate recipient PAT. Six-month graft survival and recipient survival were 96.5% and 97.5% respectively. 139 recipients (69.8%) received PAT for a median duration of 7 days. There was no difference in rate of infections between recipients provided with ≤7 days versus 8–14 days of PAT for donor blood cultures; however, recipients who received 8–14 days had more Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) within 60 days of SOT (7.7% vs 1.5% ≤ 7 days, P = .040) and were more often discharged on intravenous antibiotics (32.3% vs 11.3%, P < .001).

We observed a low rate of DDI following receipt of organs from donors with positive blood cultures. DDI occurred in cases without adequate donor/recipient treatment. Longer durations of targeted PAT resulted in more CDI and intravenous antibiotics on discharge.

This study explores associations between clusters characterising urban Canadians’ retail food environments and their acceptability levels of three policies aimed at promoting healthier restaurant food environments (RFE).

The three examined policies related to (1) proposing healthier menu default options, (2) restricting the establishment of fast-food restaurants near schools and (3) eliminating unhealthy foods from municipal buildings’ food outlets. Retail food environment clusters were available for 1- and 3-km buffer zones from the centroid of participants’ residential dissemination area. Retail food environment data were extracted from Can-FED, whereas acceptability data were provided by the THEPA dataset.

Retail food environments present across Canada’s seventeen most populated census metropolitan areas.

Urban-dwelling Canadians (n 27 162).

Results from multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses showed that those who were surrounded by the greatest relative density of both healthy food outlets (HFO) and fast-food outlets (FFO) within a 3-km buffer zone were less likely to be in complete agreement with the fast-food zoning policy than the reference category. Findings also indicated that, within a 1-km buffer zone, those whose retail food environment was categorised as being the least healthy (no HFO and highest relative density of FFO) were less likely to be in complete agreement with the unhealthy food elimination policy than the reference category.

This study provides new evidence of associations between retail food environments and RFE policy acceptability, which may help orient the implementation of these policies.

To investigate food consumption behaviour and self-perceived nutrition knowledge among university students, and to draw implications for nutrition education in contexts where formal nutrition education before university is limited.

A mixed-methods approach was adopted. A survey was first conducted to examine participants’ food consumption behaviour and self-perceived nutrition knowledge. Thirty-four participants were then invited to take part in semi-structured interviews to gain more in-depth insights into their self-declared knowledge and related behaviours.

Universities in China, representing a context of limited formal nutrition education in pre-university schooling.

190 university students.

Interview transcripts were reviewed to verify participants’ self-declared nutrition knowledge and identify misconceptions or gaps in understanding. Questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Students with higher education levels reported paying more attention to nutrition labels and selecting healthier snacks. However, interviews revealed that students who claimed to read nutritional claims during food purchases often misunderstood the meaning of sugar and fat content information. A significant ‘illusion of knowing’ was observed, and participants generally lacked awareness of authoritative food standards.

Illusion of knowing is common among students who have not received formal systematic nutrition education. Nutrition education programmes should prioritise raising students’ understanding of basic food concepts and improving their ability to interpret nutrition information accurately, as part of broader health promotion efforts.

Episodic memory decline is among the earliest and most prominent cognitive changes observed in both normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) enhances differentiation of memory deficits through controlled semantic encoding and cue-based retrieval. However, culturally appropriate normative data for Mandarin-speaking adult populations have been lacking. This study aimed to establish normative data for the Taiwan version of the FCSRT (T-FCSRT), examine demographic effects on test performance, and evaluate its psychometric properties and clinical applicability.

A total of 372 cognitively healthy adults aged 45–86 years were recruited using stratified sampling to reflect the Taiwanese population across sex, age, and education levels. Participants completed the T-FCSRT, and regression-based analyses were used to adjust for demographic effects. Reliability and validity were assessed using test–retest data and correlations with established neuropsychological measures.

All T-FCSRT core indices were significantly influenced by age and education level, whereas sex effects were confined to immediate and delayed free-recall measures. The T-FCSRT demonstrated good test–retest reliability, criterion-related and construct validity, and regression-based percentile norms that provide population-representative benchmarks.

The T-FCSRT demonstrates strong psychometric properties and provides culturally appropriate normative data for Mandarin-speaking adults in Taiwan. These findings support its utility for clinical assessment and research on episodic memory, enabling more accurate differentiation between normal and pathological aging.

The dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a growing challenge for health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Pakistan. Despite global and national policies advocating for integrated care, evidence on health facility readiness to operationalize integration remains scarce. This study assessed the readiness of TB basic management units (BMUs) to deliver integrated TB-DM care and explored implementation barriers using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study from September 2024 to February 2025 across 13 TB BMUs in five districts of Pakistan. Quantitative readiness data were collected using a structured tool adapted from the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA), generating a composite score across four domains. Subsequently, qualitative data were gathered through multi-stakeholder focus group discussions with healthcare providers, facility managers, patients, caregivers, and policymakers. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted and mapped to CFIR Inner Setting constructs to contextualize quantitative findings.

Only one facility demonstrated high readiness, while 12 showed low readiness. Facilities lacked routine comorbidity screening, trained staff, diagnostic capacity, and essential medicines. Key barriers included inadequate infrastructure, workforce shortages, fragmented information systems, and low prioritisation of integrated care. Financial constraints and limited coordination further hindered implementation.

This study highlights critically low readiness among TB facilities in different districts of Pakistan to deliver integrated TB-DM care, reflecting systemic weaknesses across core domains. Strengthening systems, building capacity, and improving integration strategies are essential to bridge gaps between policy and practice.

This research was conducted to determine if and how Australian and Canadian dietetic regulatory bodies incorporate social justice into regulatory documents and how this compares between two otherwise demographically and politically similar countries.

Quantitative and qualitative content analysis of Australian and Canadian dietetic regulatory documents was performed to determine how often and in what context social justice terms were incorporated into dietetics regulation.

Australia and Canada

Regulatory documents in Australia and Canada

Findings reveal that social justice is framed differently between the two countries, particularly related to working with people who experience marginalisation. Regulatory documents seldom addressed issues of systemic injustice, focusing instead on self-awareness and individualistic approaches to care.

Social justice is currently framed in nutrition and dietetics regulatory documents in ways that do not align with core principles of social justice. Social justice should be reframed in regulatory documents to shift attention away from awareness, towards action, and should be done in a way that addresses systemic injustices in healthcare. Developing a clear and consistent definition of what social justice is is a critical first step in achieving this goal to overcome the challenges identified in this research study.

To optimise school food baskets in Ghana to meet newly proposed food and nutrition targets while considering cultural acceptability and cost.

This was a modelling study. Data on existing school meal menus were collected from various regions to provide baseline inputs. Linear programming (LP) was used to model school meal baskets that satisfied minimum nutrient and food targets for school meals while meeting cost and acceptability constraints. Five LP models were tested, each varying in budget constraints and acceptability/food-based parameters.

Ghana.

NA.

Baseline school food baskets were significantly deficient in energy, protein, Fe, Zn, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin C compared to food and nutrient standards for school meals in Ghana. Optimisation resulted in school food baskets that met cost, nutrient and food-based/acceptability targets but with substantial deviations from baseline. Achieving nutritional adequacy within cost limits increased reliance on animal-source foods and led to higher environmental impacts, indicating trade-offs between nutrition, affordability and environmental sustainability.

The study underscores LP’s potential for enhancing school meals in Ghana but highlights the need for increased financial investment for reaching dietary goals. Addressing local realities and cultural preferences is essential for implementing effective, sustainable school meal strategies and improving child health.