This article compares the knowledge produced by the academic and practical communities regarding the collective impact (CI) approach to social innovation, exploring its implications for the fields of social innovation and nonprofit organizations. We conducted a literature review of articles published in journals focused on practitioners and academic journals, covering the approach's first ten years (2011–2021). The findings highlight seven key themes of comparison. They concern different understandings of CI, various fields of application, equity in the CI approach, CI application in advocacy initiatives, criticisms of the CI approach, real-world applications and methodological approaches, and the importance of community integration and a bottom-up approach in CI. The article's contributions revolve around building a bridge between the knowledge produced by each community and providing a critical analysis of key themes addressed by them, including equity, cross-sector collaboration, and advocacy, while connecting empirical findings to both theoretical and practical implications for NPOs.

This paper presents a dual-band reflectarray antenna based on a 1-bit hybrid active/passive metasurface, achieving independent four-beam radiation at frequencies of 5.8 and 9.7 GHz. The proposed unit cell integrates an active double-split square ring with PIN diodes for 180° phase switching at 5.8 GHz, and a passive cross-shaped patch for 180° phase control at 9.7 GHz. A chessboard-like coding arrangement enables independent beam steering at both frequencies. Experimental results from a fabricated 15 × 15 metasurface prototype show stable four-beam operation, with measured steering angles of 19° and 12.1°, and 3-dB beamwidths of 10.2° and 11.5° at 5.8 and 9.7 GHz, respectively, validating good agreement with simulations. The proposed metasurface demonstrates significant promise for applications in multiband radar and communication systems requiring compact, low-profile, reconfigurable antennas.

Since 2012, China has steadily advanced its anti-corruption efforts through the dual strategies of “hunting tigers” and “swatting flies.” However, the distinct impact of information about these two approaches on public perceptions of corruption across government levels remains underexplored. Drawing on a randomized survey experiment with 1,596 respondents in H province, this study reveals a phenomenon we term “hierarchical corruption perception.” Our findings indicate that information about grassroots-focused “swatting flies” efforts significantly reduces public perceptions of corruption at lower levels of government while producing mixed effects for perceived corruption at higher levels. In contrast, information about high-profile “hunting tigers” cases has limited average effects but significantly impacts individuals with lower corruption tolerance. By demonstrating that the effects of anti-corruption information depend on both the level of government involved and individual predispositions, these findings challenge conventional views on “corruption scandal fatigue” and provide important insights for designing effective, grassroots-oriented anti-corruption communication strategies.

Academic and professional conferences provide opportunities for the dissemination of knowledge, networking, and professional development. Those in more prestigious roles often gain greater visibility, and invited roles in particular make important statements about whose research the profession values most. Conference participation is therefore a source of economic, social, and cultural capital that translates into real opportunities and future career success. In this article, we examine gender representation in the field of archaeology through the lens of participation in the annual meetings of the Society for American Archaeology (SAA). Using archived SAA annual meeting programs from 2002 to 2024, we analyze differences in gender representation across conference roles and participation formats. We find that although women and men are similarly likely to fill self-selected leadership roles, women are less frequently asked to fill invited roles by their peers, particularly when men serve as organizers. We thus argue that gender plays a strong role in determining who occupies positions of prestige and that decisions about who is “qualified” affect distributions of capital within the discipline. We conclude by recommending a series of interventions to session organizers, session participants, and the SAA to help redress gender-based differences in conference participation.

How do institutionalized memories of historical trauma shape contemporary political attitudes? This study examines how emotionally evocative reminders of past violence influence public opinion. Drawing on a survey experiment in South Korea, I test how symbolic narratives of Japanese colonial repression affect emotional responses and downstream political views. The results show that while these reminders evoke strong emotions—especially anger and fear—they do not directly alter attitudes toward national identity or policy. Instead, anger, more than fear, consistently predicts both inclusive orientations, such as increased national pride, and exclusive preferences, including support for protectionist policies. These findings suggest that historical trauma influences political behavior not by providing new information but by activating internalized emotional frameworks. The study contributes to research on the legacy of political violence by identifying discrete emotions as key mechanisms linking collective victimhood to divergent political responses.

This paper examines patterns of volunteering during COVID-19 in different areas of civil society and demographic groups in Denmark. The aim is to understand how differences in the areas of civil society's political resources and organizational settings, and different barriers to volunteering of demographic groups, relate to variation in the levels of volunteering in periods of the pandemic with different lockdown measures. Using two cross-sectional surveys from spring 2020 (n = 3,497), and spring 2021 (n = 1,692), and a four-round panel dataset (n = 1,340), we measure changes in volunteer participation during the first year of the pandemic. We find significant drops in volunteering within most areas. While the level of lockdown correlates strongly with changes in volunteering, differences between areas of civil society point to the importance of variations in political resources and organizational settings for explaining which areas recovered fastest in the re-opening of society. Additionally, declines in volunteering did not differ significantly across demographic groups.

A reinforcement learning (RL)-based automated antenna topology optimization method is proposed. The proposed framework can be divided into three phases, which are high-quality dataset construction, electromagnetic (EM) simulation acceleration, and RL-driven automated antenna topology optimization. Based on the high-quality dataset, a fully trained enhanced hybrid multilayer perceptron is proposed to replace time-consuming EM simulations. This approach allows the RL to acquire knowledge from the interaction between antenna topology and the environment quickly, reducing the optimization time cost caused by the large number of EM simulations. Additionally, two crucial components, topology bidirectional mapping strategy (TBM) and topology hierarchical analyzation strategy (THA), are introduced in this work to address the compatibility problems between ML and high-dimension antenna topology data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is optimized. According to the measurement results, the antenna performance of gain and impedance bandwidth is improved greatly at the same time through the proposed method.

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common in both the inpatient and outpatient setting but are not often a target for antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). However, IAIs provide ASPs an opportunity to translate evidence into practice while also addressing empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic use and establishing relationships with surgical stakeholders. In this review, we analyze five areas of emerging evidence within this heterogeneous field that merit close attention from ASPs, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis, antibiotic management of appendicitis and biliary tract infections, and optimal amoxicillin-clavulanate and metronidazole dosing.

α-Tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, plays a central role in maintaining animal well-being and enhancing performance through its potent antioxidant function. This review explores the nutritional significance of α-tocopherol in animal systems, with a focus on its bioavailability, biopotency, and broader physiological roles. Among the eight vitamin E vitamers, α-tocopherol is preferentially retained and distributed due to its selective binding by hepatic α-tocopherol transfer protein, which facilitates its incorporation into very-low-density lipoproteins and delivery to tissues. Its antioxidant activity is closely linked to its membrane localization, where it scavenges lipid peroxyl radicals and prevents oxidative damage. The tocopheroxyl radical formed in this process can be regenerated in an antioxidant network by co-antioxidants such as vitamin C, preserving its antioxidant capacity. These molecular mechanisms support membrane integrity, immune function, and metabolic stability, especially under oxidative stress conditions common in livestock production. Despite its well-established importance, the bioavailability and biopotency of α-tocopherol are influenced by several factors, such as chemical form, dietary composition, species-specific gastrointestinal physiology, digestive efficiency, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion. α-Tocopherol has the highest biopotency of all vitamin E forms. Thereby, natural RRR-α-tocopherol exhibits greater biopotency than synthetic all-rac-α-tocopherol due to stereoisomer-specific differences in tissue distribution and retention. Esterified forms such as α-tocopheryl acetate, though more stable in feed, require enzymatic hydrolysis for absorption affecting bioavailability, which may be impaired in young or stressed animals. Current challenges include the lack of standardized biomarkers for vitamin E status, limited cross-species biopotency data, and insufficient understanding of how environmental and dietary factors modulate utilization and requirements. This review highlights the need for integrative approaches combining pharmacokinetics, tissue deposition, and functional outcomes to improve the precision of α-tocopherol supplementation strategies. Advancing this understanding is essential to fully harness the nutritional power of α-tocopherol in diverse animal production systems.

This article examines the identities of three sub-ethnic and ethnographic groups in Georgia – Adjarians, Megrelians, and Tushetians – and their relationship to the Georgian nation in political and ethnic terms. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2022 and 2023, the study explores how these groups navigate their distinct cultural markers, such as religion, language, and traditions, while engaging with the broader national identity. Using the theoretical framework of nationalization, the analysis explores four key themes: the salience of ethno-cultural differences, the transformation of sub-ethnic identities, the politicization of ethno-cultural markers, and the groups’ historical narratives emphasizing their contributions to Georgian-ness. The findings highlight the link between local identities and national integration. The findings contribute to broader theoretical debates on nationalization by demonstrating that the integration of sub-ethnic groups is not a unidirectional process of homogenization, but a dynamic negotiation of diversity and unity.

This article examines recent developments in three key areas of nationalism research that integrate emotions into theoretical frameworks and empirical analysis. First, it explores studies that revisit historical nation-building through the lens of the history of emotions. Second, it discusses how the “affective nationalism” literature has shifted the focus of banal nationhood reproduction from mental representations to emotions. Third, it reviews efforts to theorize the emergence of intense national emotions in certain periods and their role in political mobilization and change. The article highlights critical advancements across these areas, particularly in linking emotions to meaning through narratives, expanding research from national centers to the frontiers, and challenging the illusion of national harmony by emphasizing power dynamics and dialectical change. The conclusion suggests future research directions, including investigations of national emotions within diasporic communities and digital networks.

Attenuation rates inferred from radar sounding offer one of the few ways to observationally constrain the large-scale temperature structure of ice sheets. However, existing methods struggle in regions with near-uniform ice thickness or disrupted radiostratigraphy—common across much of Antarctica and Greenland—where direct temperature estimates are most needed. We adapt the spectral ratio method, originally developed for seismic data, to estimate englacial radar attenuation rates, focusing on regions where traditional methods fail. By analyzing the relative amplitude change of surface and bed reflections across the radar bandwidth, we produce full-column attenuation estimates independent of internal layer continuity or significant variability in bed topography. We apply this method to radar surveys in interior Antarctica and Greenland. Our results agree with attenuation rates derived from borehole temperature profiles and alternative radar-based methods, where comparisons are possible. The spectral ratio method is broadly applicable to any radar dataset that preserves the original amplitude spectra. By expanding the spatial coverage of reliable attenuation estimates, our approach enables continental scale mapping of ice sheet temperature.

High-vowel laxing in Laurentian French is notoriously variable and complex: while high-vowel tenseness is categorically predictable in final syllables, speakers seemingly apply distinct combinations of optional processes in non-final syllables (see, e.g., Dumas 1987 and Poliquin 2006). The current study investigates laxing in non-final syllables with two core objectives: (a) to determine which grammars individual speakers have acquired, and (b) to elucidate whether subgroups within the community have distinct grammars as suggested by Poliquin or instead these subgroups are superficial categorisations (e.g., emerging from a shared community with wide distributions of possible weightings for constraints). The results reveal that a larger number of superficially distinct individual grammars emerge than were proposed in existing literature, but that these patterns fall on a spectrum centred on a shared community grammar. They also provide new evidence for the importance of prosody in conditioning phonological processes in this variety of French.

The term “Women of Color” (WoC) has seen a marked rise in usage, yet little is known about how it functions as a coalitional identity with political significance. I argue that WoC operates both as a descriptor and an identity. As a descriptor, it resembles a panethnic label for nonwhite women. When adopted as an identity—the focus of this study—it may carry deeper significance connected to its progressive roots. Scholars often categorize all racially diverse women as WoC based on presumed experiences of oppression. However, this assumption overlooks variation in race-gendered discrimination shaped by factors such as appearance and class. Women who are perceived as white or those with lighter skin tones, for example, may not experience racialization in the same ways as other nonwhite women. Given the label’s association with liberal political views and its emphasis on “color,” some women may choose not to adopt it or may be uncertain about their inclusion. Using 2020 CMPS data, this study builds on WoC scholarship by incorporating Asian women and compares their experiences and attitudes to those of Latina and Black women. Results show that the majority of Asian women identify as a WoC and report high levels of WoC-linked fate. Among Asian women, personal experiences with discrimination and empathy toward other marginalized groups are especially important in WoC identity formation. WoC-linked fate also demonstrates political relevance across all three groups, showing a positive relationship with support for undocumented immigrants and the #MeToo movement.

This article contends that the importance of post-biblical Jewish legal sources for the development of the case for infant baptism in England has been significantly underestimated. Focusing on the Westminster Assembly debates on baptism, it demonstrates how John Lightfoot’s interventions shaped contemporary understandings of that rite’s historicity. Lightfoot’s later work is shown to have further entrenched a conception of infant baptism as a development upon the proselyte baptism of the Jews. The study of Jewish texts thus emerges as having been an essential means of buttressing doctrine in mid- to late seventeenth-century England.