We investigate some investment problems related to maximizing the expected utility of the terminal wealth in a continuous-time Itô–Markov additive market. In this market, the prices of financial assets are described by Markov additive processes that combine Lévy processes with regime-switching models. We give explicit expressions for the solutions to the portfolio selection problem for the hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) utility, the exponential utility, and the extended logarithmic utility. In addition, we demonstrate that the solutions for the HARA utility are stable in terms of weak convergence when the parameters vary in a suitable way.

Teju Cole’s Open City is one of several recent postcolonial novels that narrate the refugee crisis and the threats to nonhuman species in a way that takes seriously the parallels and interspecies relationships. I am interested in the extent to which novels that explore kinships across boundaries of kind manage to make a space for the nonhuman in the anthropocentric form of the novel. In the case of Open City, I argue that Cole’s figural approach offers a means of formalizing the human representation of nonhuman others as a problem and allows readers to make connections across species boundaries even as the novel raises the specter of moral stasis through the cosmopolitan narrator’s failure to take an ethical stance with respect to those in search of refuge, human or not. This failure is a human one, and in offering an anatomy of such a failure, Cole invites scrutiny of cosmopolitanism as much as of the novel form’s anthropocentrism.

There is clear evidence that rapid warming has been fuelling significant changes in the ocean and cryosphere in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Less is known about how terrestrial biological ecosystems, particularly plants, are responding to warming and hydroclimatic change. We show that high evaporative environmental conditions and microclimate associated with topography lead to humidity-dependent evaporative effects on the oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of moss waters and α-cellulose in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, based on a spatial (> 400 km) isotopic survey at 14 sites over 24 days during summer 2020. The δ18O of moss waters define a water line of δ2H = 4 × δ18O + 37 for Polytrichum strictum and δ2H = 3.8 × δ18O + 38.9 for Chorisodontium aciphyllum, indicating enrichment compared to line slopes ranging from 6.7 to 8.5 for snow, standing water, previous published snapshots of moss waters and the long-term local meteoric water lines along the Antarctic Peninsula. The δ18O of moss waters negatively correlated with relative humidity (which ranged from ~50% to 100%) and not with temperature or latitude, where a higher δ18O indicates increased evaporative enrichment or dry conditions. A positive correlation between the δ18O of moss waters and α-cellulose (ρ = 0.397, P = 0.011) for P. strictum (ρ = 0.533, P = 0.007) but not C. aciphyllum suggests that the high evaporative conditions from the season imprinted on the cellulose. Lastly, we found significant positive correlations between topographic aspect (north-exposedness) and the δ18O of moss waters (ρ = 0.569, P < 0.001) and α-cellulose (ρ = 0.579, P < 0.001), indicating that irradiance on north-facing slopes promotes drier conditions and evaporative enrichment. Topographic aspect (and resulting microclimate) is an important and predictable determinant of the δ18O of moss waters and α-cellulose. This study highlights that mosses are sensitive recorders of climatic and non-climatic conditions in polar terrestrial ecosystems.

This paper explores how traditional Chinese vegetarian concerns were adapted to exploit new possibilities in the early twentieth century. Specifically, I examine attempts to promote the vegetarian diet through monosodium glutamate, ventures to manufacture vegan soap, and the emergence of a vibrant culture of urban vegetarian restaurants, all of which were actively supported by the socially conservative monk Yinguang 印光 (1862–1940).

The 2025 ESC (European Society of Cardiology) Clinical Consensus Statement on mental health and cardiovascular disease is a milestone for psychiatry as much as for cardiology. It recognizes mental disorders as major determinants of cardiovascular (CV) risk and explicitly calls for collaboration with the European Psychiatric Association (EPA). In parallel, the EPA Presidential Action Plan and its “Whole Person Health” task force promote lifestyle‑based, multimorbidity-focused care. From a psychiatric perspective, the challenge is now to translate these frameworks into everyday practice. In this Viewpoint, we propose three priorities. First, severe mental illness (SMI) and cardiac disease-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (CDI-PTSD) should be treated as high‑risk conditions that trigger proactive CV assessment and structured follow‑up. Second, mental‑health services should adopt a simple “safety bundle” for psychotropic medications in people with, or at high risk of, CV disease. Third, psychiatrists should use cardiac rehabilitation, structured physical activity and social prescribing as psychiatric interventions.

Among the most recurring motifs in the prehistoric rock-art corpus, handprints stand out as one of the most significant elements due to their dual nature, both artistic and fossil. These markings represent a unique source of information for characterizing the corresponding artists and the social and cultural context of prehistoric communities. This study focuses on a comprehensive characterization of the phenomenon of Upper Palaeolithic hand representations from a multidimensional perspective, combining various theoretical and methodological approaches. By offering a holistic view, the aim is to contextualize these artistic expressions within a broader framework that includes biological, social, cultural, spatial and technological considerations. The study revisits classical documentation on hand representations and brings new perspectives through experiments and analyses conducted under conditions that replicate, as closely as possible, the physical and technological characteristics of the Upper Palaeolithic. These new perspectives broaden our understanding of these artistic expressions and their significance within prehistoric societies, shedding light on their potential role within rock art and their functional and symbolic meaning.

The politics of knowledge production is a long-standing debate at the heart of the discipline of international relations (IR). The importance of the IR classroom as a site of the politics of knowledge production in the discipline has long been emphasized by critical and feminist IR scholars and has recently received renewed interest. In this article we contribute to this debate through an analysis of the ways in which learner-generated films contribute to address knowledge production politics. Inspired by the distinction between knowledge production and knowledge cultivation, we propose that the practice of knowledge cultivation through filmmaking in the IR classroom can serve as a compass and generates openings to ‘stay with the trouble’ of creating knowledge. We draw on insights from our experience with learner-generated films and from a dialogue with the literature on the politics of knowledge production in IR; visual and arts-based theorizing in IR; and the interdisciplinary literature on filmmaking. The article addresses three key dimensions of the politics of knowledge production: the ethics and politics of filmmaking; affect and embodiment of creating knowledge through films; and non-textual theorizing through filmmaking.

We investigate positivity and probabilistic properties arising from the Young–Fibonacci lattice $\mathbb {YF}$, a 1-differential poset on words composed of 1’s and 2’s (Fibonacci words) and graded by the sum of the digits. Building on Okada’s theory of clone Schur functions, we introduce clone coherent measures on $\mathbb {YF}$ which give rise to random Fibonacci words of increasing length. Unlike coherent systems associated to classical Schur functions on the Young lattice of integer partitions, clone coherent measures are generally not extremal on $\mathbb {YF}$. Our first main result is a complete characterization of Fibonacci positive specializations – parameter sequences which yield positive clone Schur functions on $\mathbb {YF}$. Second, we establish a broad array of correspondences that connect Fibonacci positivity with: (i) the total positivity of tridiagonal matrices; (ii) Stieltjes moment sequences; (iii) the combinatorics of set partitions; and (iv) families of univariate orthogonal polynomials from the (q-)Askey scheme. We further link the moment sequences of broad classes of orthogonal polynomials to combinatorial structures on Fibonacci words, a connection that may be of independent interest. Our third family of results concerns the asymptotic behavior of random Fibonacci words derived from various Fibonacci positive specializations. We analyze several limiting regimes for specific examples, revealing stick-breaking-like processes (connected to GEM distributions), dependent stick-breaking processes of a new type, or limits supported on the discrete component of the Martin boundary of the Young–Fibonacci lattice. Our stick-breaking-like scaling limits significantly extend the result of Gnedin–Kerov on asymptotics of the Plancherel measure on $\mathbb {YF}$. We also establish Cauchy-like identities for clone Schur functions whose right-hand side is presented as a quadridiagonal determinant rather than a product, as in the case of classical Schur functions. We construct and analyze models of random permutations and involutions based on Fibonacci positive specializations along with a version of the Robinson–Schensted correspondence for $\mathbb {YF}$.

We study bond and site Bernoulli percolation models on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ for $d \geq 3$ with parameter p, in both the oriented and non-oriented versions. The main macroscopic quantity of interest is the probability of long-range order, and the existence of a non-trivial threshold is well established. Precise numerical results for the threshold values are available in the literature, but mathematically rigorous bounds are mostly restricted to two-dimensional lattices. Utilizing dynamical coupling techniques, we introduce a comprehensive set of new rigorous upper bounds that corroborate existing numerical values.

Various item selection algorithms have been proposed for cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT), with the goal of efficiently diagnosing examinees’ strengths and weaknesses. However, these algorithms often come with significant computational costs, which can hinder their practical implementation. A likelihood-based profile shrinkage (LBPS) algorithm is proposed to simplify the item selection process and reduce the computational cost in CD-CAT. Our simulation results indicate that incorporating LBPS into existing item selection methods yields substantial computational efficiency gains, with greater reductions in computation time as the number of attributes and test length increase. Additionally, LBPS maintains estimation accuracy at both the attribute and pattern levels. These findings suggest that LBPS is a scalable and effective solution for the item selection of CD-CAT in complex scenarios.