There are many results in the literature where superstablity-like independence notions, without any categoricity assumptions, have been used to show the existence of larger models. In this paper we show that stability is enough to construct larger models for small cardinals assuming a mild locality condition for Galois types.Theorem 0.1.

Suppose $\lambda <2^{\aleph _0}$. Let ${\mathbf {K}}$ be an abstract elementary class with $\lambda \geq {\operatorname {LS}}({\mathbf {K}})$. Assume ${\mathbf {K}}$ has amalgamation in $\lambda $, no maximal model in $\lambda $, and is stable in $\lambda $. If ${\mathbf {K}}$ is $(<\lambda ^+, \lambda )$-local, then ${\mathbf {K}}$ has a model of cardinality $\lambda ^{++}$.

The set theoretic assumption that $\lambda <2^{\aleph _0}$ and model theoretic assumption of stability in $\lambda $ can be weakened to the model theoretic assumptions that $|{\mathbf {S}}^{na}(M)|< 2^{\aleph _0}$ for every $M \in {\mathbf {K}}_\lambda $ and stability for $\lambda $-algebraic types in $\lambda $. This is a significant improvement of Theorem 0.1, as the result holds on some unstable abstract elementary classes.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the contribution of epiphytic microbiota on alfalfa (AL), oat (OT), and red clover (RC) to ensiling characteristics and bacterial community diversity of oat. With the irradiation of γ-ray, sterile OT (~233 g/kg dry matter (DM)) was inoculated by sterile water (STOT), epiphytic microbiota from OT (OTOT), AL (OTAL) and RC (OTRC), respectively. Triplicate silage-bags for each treatment were sampled after different days (1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60) of fermentation, respectively. Similar chemical compositions were found between fresh oat and STOT. Lower (P < 0.05) contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and higher (P < 0.05) accumulation of lactic acid were found in OTAL compared with OTRC and OTOT on day 3. The greatest (P < 0.05) NH3-N, acetic acid concentrations and pH and the lowest (P < 0.05) concentration of lactic acid were found in OTRC on day 60. After 3 days of ensiling, Lactobacillus accounted for a big proportion in OTAL and OTOT, and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium was predominant in OTRC. The bacterial communities in OTAL and OTOT had lower (P < 0.05) abundances of ‘Genetic Information Processing’ than OTRC after 3 days. Overall, the composition, diversity, and activity of epiphytic microbiota can notably influence the ensiling characteristics of forage oat. The lactic acid bacteria (hetero-fermentative type) and Enterobacteriaceae species played an important role in producing ethanol contents during the ensiling of forage oat.

US and UK courts define religion as a belief system dealing with existential concerns, which is separable from politics, and need not be theistic. Where does this concept of religion come from? Some scholars trace it to the advent of the Protestant Reformation when religion became a matter of competing theological propositions. My analysis of both John Calvin and Roger Williams shows that those Protestant thinkers emphasized the view that religion is essentially a belief system. However, Protestantism cannot explain all of the features of the US and UK concept of religion. It is because of the liberal belief in individual rights and in popular sovereignty that early liberals like Roger Williams and contemporary courts embrace the separability of religion from politics. These courts also reject the view that religion is necessarily theistic given their liberal commitment to treating citizens that subscribe to certain non-theistic ideologies as equal citizens to citizens with theistic ideologies.

Nearly 80% of the world’s population trusts traditional medicine and plant-based drug compounds to improve health, and more than 50% of women who participated in a study have used herbal remedies during pregnancy. Bocconia frutescens L. is a plant native to tropical America, where infusion of its leaves has been widely used for the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders. We have already shown that orogastric consumption of B. frutescens L. during the organogenesis period at concentrations equivalent to human consumption produces teratogenic effects in rats, but effects on progeny development have not yet been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between the consumption of B. frutescens L. at a dose equivalent to that consumed by humans and the neurological development of rat progeny. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered lyophilized B. frutescens L. extract at 300 mg/kg/day or vehicle via the orogastric route during the organogenesis period (gestation days 7–13). The physical development and sensory and motor maturation of their offspring during lactation were analyzed with a battery of reflex and physical tests. B. frutescens L. produced a significant delay in physical development and sensorimotor maturation, compared to the control group. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed signals for both flavonoids and alkaloids in the B. frutescens L. extract. We conclude that the delay in physical and neurological development could be interpreted as alterations in the maturation of some neuronal circuitries induced by B. frutescens L.

Within the context of preliminary aerodynamic design with low order models, the methods have to meet requirements for rapid evaluations, accuracy and sometimes large design space bounds. This can be further compounded by the need to use geometric and aerodynamic degrees of freedom to build generalised models with enough flexibility across the design space. For transonic applications, this can be challenging due to the non-linearity of these flow regimes. This paper presents a nacelle design method with an artificial neural network (ANN) for preliminary aerodynamic design. The ANN uses six intuitive nacelle geometric design variables and the two key aerodynamic properties of Mach number and massflow capture ratio. The method was initially validated with an independent dataset in which the prediction error for the nacelle drag was 2.9% across the bounds of the metamodel. The ANN was also used for multi-point, multi-objective optimisation studies. Relative to computationally expensive CFD-based optimisations, it is demonstrated that the surrogate-based approach with ANN identifies similar nacelle shapes and drag changes across a design space that covers conventional and future civil aero-engine nacelles. The proposed method is an enabling and fast approach for preliminary nacelle design studies.

This study explores vulnerability narratives used in relation to older adults and others during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-method content analysis was conducted of 391 articles published in two major newspapers in Canada and the USA during the first wave of the pandemic. The findings indicated that during the early months of the pandemic, limited attention was directed towards its impact on older adults or other ‘vulnerable’ subpopulations in both countries. Where evident, intrinsic (individual-level) risk factors were most consistently used to frame the vulnerability of older adults. In contrast, vulnerability was more likely to be framed as structural with regard to other subpopulations (e.g., ethno-racial minorities). These narratives also differed somewhat in Canadian and US newspapers. The framing of older adults as intrinsically vulnerable reflects ageist stereotypes and promotes downstream policy interventions. Greater attention is needed to the role of structural factors in influencing pandemic-related outcomes among older adults.

A suitable notion of weak amenability for dual Banach algebras, which we call weak Connes amenability, is defined and studied. Among other things, it is proved that the measure algebra M(G) of a locally compact group G is always weakly Connes amenable. It can be a complement to Johnson’s theorem that $L^1(G)$ is always weakly amenable [10].

My objective is to explore a possible contribution of Afro-Brazilian religions to a pluralist philosophy of religious diversity. I will especially explore the syncretic wisdom of these religious traditions, showing how it can help us better understand interreligious dynamics. To do this, I begin by exposing some challenges of pluralist theses, highlighting two problems: homogenization and isolationism. Following that, I briefly introduce some characteristics of Afro-Brazilian religiosity, emphasizing its syncretic aspects, and then argue in favour of syncretism as a kind of wisdom intrinsic to Afro-Brazilian religiosity. This wisdom encompasses both practical and conceptual aspects. I conclude by demonstrating how this Afro-Brazilian wisdom can contribute with philosophical studies on religious diversity.

Democracy promises accountability via elections; bureaucracy promises coordination via hierarchy. Many scholars believe these properties conflict. We prove, however, that accountability is precisely what unifies democracy and meritocratic (Weberian) bureaucracy. Central to the concept of meritocracy are performance reviews. We prove that a review system where all individuals and groups are accountable must also be democratic. Thus, meritocratic hierarchy, accountability, and democracy are intertwined. But accountability in modern political systems confronts a significant issue. Such systems include many knowledge-intensive specialties, and since specializations are limited to some but not all members of an institution, the full accountability of democracies entails review of specialists by amateurs. We prove that modern political systems necessarily exhibit this tension. It is a hallmark of modern institutions rather than a problem to be solved.

We trace the origin of felony disenfranchisement from the colonial period through Reconstruction. On the eve of the Civil War, three-quarters of states had criminal disenfranchisement statutes. These laws were based on “legal moralism” principles, which limited the franchise to those in good standing with the community. Efforts at disenfranchisement grew as access to the ballot increased and criminal justice reforms replaced capital and corporal punishment for imprisonment. We highlight important transformations in felony disenfranchisement during Reconstruction, specifically in new state constitutions and the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. All but one Southern state included felon disenfranchisement in their new constitutions that the Republican-controlled Congress ratified for readmission to the United States. Radical Republicans in Congress and state legislatures were in most cases advocates of felony disenfranchisement to exclude former Confederates from political participation.

When the atrioventricular node is damaged, accessory pathways can perform primary atrioventricular conduction but may spontaneously degrade during childhood. After surgical atrial septal defect repair during infancy, an adolescent male presented with fatigue due to iatrogenic complete atrioventricular node block with a degrading antegrade accessory pathway resulting in symptomatic bradyarrhythmia.

Fluor-rossmanite, ideally □(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup, found at the Krutaya pegmatite, Malkhan pegmatite field, Zabaykalskiy Krai, Western Siberia, Russia. It forms an intermediate zone up to 3 mm thick in a chemically heterogeneous, concentrically zoned, polychrome tourmaline crystal 3 × 2 cm in size. The new mineral is light pink, transparent with a white streak and a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, with conchoidal fracture. The Mohs hardness is 7. The Dmeas = 3.07(2) g cm–3 and Dcalc = 3.071 g cm–3. Optically, fluor-rossmanite is non-pleochroic, uniaxial (–), ω = 1.647(2) and ɛ = 1.628(2) (589 nm). The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 31 anions (O+OH+F) is: X(□0.46Na0.32Ca0.20Pb0.02)Σ1.00 Y(Al1.84Li1.05Mn0.05Fe2+0.02Ti0.02Cr0.01)Σ2.99 ZAl6.00 T(Si5.79Al0.21)Σ6.00B2.99O27 V(OH)3 W[F0.44(OH)0.20O0.36]Σ1.00. Fluor-rossmanite is trigonal, R3m; the unit-cell parameters are: a = 15.7951(3), c = 7.08646(17) Å, V = 1531.11(7) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure is refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [R = 0.0211 for 1178 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I)]. The new mineral is a ‘fluor-’ species belonging to the X-vacant group of the tourmaline supergroup. The closest end-member compositions of valid tourmaline species are those of rossmanite and fluor-elbaite, to which fluor-rossmanite is related by the substitutions WF– ↔ WOH– and X2□ + YAl3+ ↔ X2Na+ + YLi+, respectively.

Given a graph $F$, we consider the problem of determining the densest possible pseudorandom graph that contains no copy of $F$. We provide an embedding procedure that improves a general result of Conlon, Fox, and Zhao which gives an upper bound on the density. In particular, our result implies that optimally pseudorandom graphs with density greater than $n^{-1/3}$ must contain a copy of the Peterson graph, while the previous best result gives the bound $n^{-1/4}$. Moreover, we conjecture that the exponent $1/3$ in our bound is tight. We also construct the densest known pseudorandom $K_{2,3}$-free graphs that are also triangle-free. Finally, we give a different proof for the densest known construction of clique-free pseudorandom graphs due to Bishnoi, Ihringer, and Pepe that they have no large clique.