Current escalation of natural disasters, pandemics, and humanitarian crises underscores the pressing need for inclusion of disaster medicine in medical education frameworks. Conventional medical training often lacks adequate focus on the complexities and unique challenges inherent in such emergencies. This discourse advocates for the integration of disaster medicine into medical curricula, highlighting the imperative to prepare health-care professionals for an effective response in challenging environments. These competencies encompass understanding mass casualty management, ethical decision-making amidst resource constraints, and adapting health-care practices to varied emergency contexts. Therefore, we posit that equipping medical students with these specialized skills and knowledge is vital for health-care delivery in the face of global health emergencies.

Stable separation is a crucial condition that must be met in order for combined aircraft to successfully engage in cooperative flight. In order to achieve the desired fast and controlled separation, this paper proposes a novel design for a torque-driven compliant separation mechanism. By taking into account the compliance characteristics of a sinusoidal acceleration function curve, a mechanical model for the separation mechanism is developed. By utilising the Coulomb friction law, an accurate determination of the aerodynamic load distribution under various conditions is achieved. Subsequently, the relationship between the unlocking moment and the aerodynamic load is derived based on these findings. Through the utilisation of the finite element method, a model of the separation mechanism is generated. To ensure the safety and reliability of the compliant separation mechanism, the mechanical properties of the structural materials are thoroughly analysed under the maximum aerodynamic load. Subsequently, the separation mechanism structure is constructed and subjected to testing in order to showcase the compliance characteristics. In addition, this paper conducts a simulation to analyse the impact of flight speed and angle-of-attack on the separation process. By doing so, the optimal conditions for separation are determined. The methods and findings presented in this study have the potential to contribute valuable insights to the design of combined aircraft.

In this paper, a method of planning the expanded S-curve trajectory of robotic manipulators is proposed to minimize the execution time as well as to achieve the smoother trajectory generation in the deceleration stage for point-to-point motions. An asymmetric parameter is added to the piecewise sigmoid function for an improved jerk profile. This asymmetric profile is continuous and infinitely differentiable. Based on this profile, two analytical algorithms are presented. One is applied to determine the suitable time intervals of trajectory satisfying the time optimality under the kinematic constraints, and the other is to determine the asymmetric parameter generating the minimum execution time. Also, the calculation procedure for the time-scaled synchronization for all joints is given to decrease unnecessary loads onto the actuators. The velocity, acceleration, jerk and snap (the derivative of jerk) of the joints and the end-effector are equal to zero at two end points of motion. The simulation results through 3 DOF and 6 DOF robotic manipulators show that our approach reduces the jerk and snap of the deceleration stage effectively while decreasing the total execution time. Also, the analysis for a single DOF mass-spring-damper system indicates that the residual vibration could be reduced to 10% more than the benchmark techniques in case velocity, acceleration and jerk are limited to 1.24 m/s, 6 m/s2 and 80 m/s3, respectively and displacement is set to 0.8m. These results manifest that the performance of reducing residual vibrations is good and demonstrate an important characteristic of the proposed profile suitable for point-to-point motion.

There are many results in the literature where superstablity-like independence notions, without any categoricity assumptions, have been used to show the existence of larger models. In this paper we show that stability is enough to construct larger models for small cardinals assuming a mild locality condition for Galois types.Theorem 0.1.

Suppose $\lambda <2^{\aleph _0}$. Let ${\mathbf {K}}$ be an abstract elementary class with $\lambda \geq {\operatorname {LS}}({\mathbf {K}})$. Assume ${\mathbf {K}}$ has amalgamation in $\lambda $, no maximal model in $\lambda $, and is stable in $\lambda $. If ${\mathbf {K}}$ is $(<\lambda ^+, \lambda )$-local, then ${\mathbf {K}}$ has a model of cardinality $\lambda ^{++}$.

The set theoretic assumption that $\lambda <2^{\aleph _0}$ and model theoretic assumption of stability in $\lambda $ can be weakened to the model theoretic assumptions that $|{\mathbf {S}}^{na}(M)|< 2^{\aleph _0}$ for every $M \in {\mathbf {K}}_\lambda $ and stability for $\lambda $-algebraic types in $\lambda $. This is a significant improvement of Theorem 0.1, as the result holds on some unstable abstract elementary classes.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the contribution of epiphytic microbiota on alfalfa (AL), oat (OT), and red clover (RC) to ensiling characteristics and bacterial community diversity of oat. With the irradiation of γ-ray, sterile OT (~233 g/kg dry matter (DM)) was inoculated by sterile water (STOT), epiphytic microbiota from OT (OTOT), AL (OTAL) and RC (OTRC), respectively. Triplicate silage-bags for each treatment were sampled after different days (1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60) of fermentation, respectively. Similar chemical compositions were found between fresh oat and STOT. Lower (P < 0.05) contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and higher (P < 0.05) accumulation of lactic acid were found in OTAL compared with OTRC and OTOT on day 3. The greatest (P < 0.05) NH3-N, acetic acid concentrations and pH and the lowest (P < 0.05) concentration of lactic acid were found in OTRC on day 60. After 3 days of ensiling, Lactobacillus accounted for a big proportion in OTAL and OTOT, and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium was predominant in OTRC. The bacterial communities in OTAL and OTOT had lower (P < 0.05) abundances of ‘Genetic Information Processing’ than OTRC after 3 days. Overall, the composition, diversity, and activity of epiphytic microbiota can notably influence the ensiling characteristics of forage oat. The lactic acid bacteria (hetero-fermentative type) and Enterobacteriaceae species played an important role in producing ethanol contents during the ensiling of forage oat.

US and UK courts define religion as a belief system dealing with existential concerns, which is separable from politics, and need not be theistic. Where does this concept of religion come from? Some scholars trace it to the advent of the Protestant Reformation when religion became a matter of competing theological propositions. My analysis of both John Calvin and Roger Williams shows that those Protestant thinkers emphasized the view that religion is essentially a belief system. However, Protestantism cannot explain all of the features of the US and UK concept of religion. It is because of the liberal belief in individual rights and in popular sovereignty that early liberals like Roger Williams and contemporary courts embrace the separability of religion from politics. These courts also reject the view that religion is necessarily theistic given their liberal commitment to treating citizens that subscribe to certain non-theistic ideologies as equal citizens to citizens with theistic ideologies.

Nearly 80% of the world’s population trusts traditional medicine and plant-based drug compounds to improve health, and more than 50% of women who participated in a study have used herbal remedies during pregnancy. Bocconia frutescens L. is a plant native to tropical America, where infusion of its leaves has been widely used for the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders. We have already shown that orogastric consumption of B. frutescens L. during the organogenesis period at concentrations equivalent to human consumption produces teratogenic effects in rats, but effects on progeny development have not yet been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between the consumption of B. frutescens L. at a dose equivalent to that consumed by humans and the neurological development of rat progeny. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered lyophilized B. frutescens L. extract at 300 mg/kg/day or vehicle via the orogastric route during the organogenesis period (gestation days 7–13). The physical development and sensory and motor maturation of their offspring during lactation were analyzed with a battery of reflex and physical tests. B. frutescens L. produced a significant delay in physical development and sensorimotor maturation, compared to the control group. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed signals for both flavonoids and alkaloids in the B. frutescens L. extract. We conclude that the delay in physical and neurological development could be interpreted as alterations in the maturation of some neuronal circuitries induced by B. frutescens L.

Within the context of preliminary aerodynamic design with low order models, the methods have to meet requirements for rapid evaluations, accuracy and sometimes large design space bounds. This can be further compounded by the need to use geometric and aerodynamic degrees of freedom to build generalised models with enough flexibility across the design space. For transonic applications, this can be challenging due to the non-linearity of these flow regimes. This paper presents a nacelle design method with an artificial neural network (ANN) for preliminary aerodynamic design. The ANN uses six intuitive nacelle geometric design variables and the two key aerodynamic properties of Mach number and massflow capture ratio. The method was initially validated with an independent dataset in which the prediction error for the nacelle drag was 2.9% across the bounds of the metamodel. The ANN was also used for multi-point, multi-objective optimisation studies. Relative to computationally expensive CFD-based optimisations, it is demonstrated that the surrogate-based approach with ANN identifies similar nacelle shapes and drag changes across a design space that covers conventional and future civil aero-engine nacelles. The proposed method is an enabling and fast approach for preliminary nacelle design studies.

This study explores vulnerability narratives used in relation to older adults and others during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-method content analysis was conducted of 391 articles published in two major newspapers in Canada and the USA during the first wave of the pandemic. The findings indicated that during the early months of the pandemic, limited attention was directed towards its impact on older adults or other ‘vulnerable’ subpopulations in both countries. Where evident, intrinsic (individual-level) risk factors were most consistently used to frame the vulnerability of older adults. In contrast, vulnerability was more likely to be framed as structural with regard to other subpopulations (e.g., ethno-racial minorities). These narratives also differed somewhat in Canadian and US newspapers. The framing of older adults as intrinsically vulnerable reflects ageist stereotypes and promotes downstream policy interventions. Greater attention is needed to the role of structural factors in influencing pandemic-related outcomes among older adults.

A suitable notion of weak amenability for dual Banach algebras, which we call weak Connes amenability, is defined and studied. Among other things, it is proved that the measure algebra M(G) of a locally compact group G is always weakly Connes amenable. It can be a complement to Johnson’s theorem that $L^1(G)$ is always weakly amenable [10].

My objective is to explore a possible contribution of Afro-Brazilian religions to a pluralist philosophy of religious diversity. I will especially explore the syncretic wisdom of these religious traditions, showing how it can help us better understand interreligious dynamics. To do this, I begin by exposing some challenges of pluralist theses, highlighting two problems: homogenization and isolationism. Following that, I briefly introduce some characteristics of Afro-Brazilian religiosity, emphasizing its syncretic aspects, and then argue in favour of syncretism as a kind of wisdom intrinsic to Afro-Brazilian religiosity. This wisdom encompasses both practical and conceptual aspects. I conclude by demonstrating how this Afro-Brazilian wisdom can contribute with philosophical studies on religious diversity.

Democracy promises accountability via elections; bureaucracy promises coordination via hierarchy. Many scholars believe these properties conflict. We prove, however, that accountability is precisely what unifies democracy and meritocratic (Weberian) bureaucracy. Central to the concept of meritocracy are performance reviews. We prove that a review system where all individuals and groups are accountable must also be democratic. Thus, meritocratic hierarchy, accountability, and democracy are intertwined. But accountability in modern political systems confronts a significant issue. Such systems include many knowledge-intensive specialties, and since specializations are limited to some but not all members of an institution, the full accountability of democracies entails review of specialists by amateurs. We prove that modern political systems necessarily exhibit this tension. It is a hallmark of modern institutions rather than a problem to be solved.