Aoun and Li (2003) argued that whether the head of Chinese relative clauses can reconstruct at Logical Form is determined by its phrasal category. When the head is a noun phrase, it can reconstruct; but when it is a quantifier phrase, it cannot. This paper uses a sentence-picture matching experiment to investigate this claim. The results showed that a quantifier phrase can reconstruct. Thus, we do not need to stipulate a noun phrase/quantifier phrase distinction for the reconstruction of heads in Chinese relative clauses. Both types of phrases can reconstruct, predicted by the head-raising analysis of relative clauses.

The AMS Golden Valley radiocarbon analysis laboratory is equipped with two accelerator mass spectrometers: AMS facility from Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP AMS) and MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS-28) from Ionplus AG and two graphitization systems: Automated Graphitization Equipment (AGE-3) from Ionplus AG and Absorption-catalytic setup developed in Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (ACS BIC). The laboratory provides routine 14C analyses of various samples: collagen, cellulose, humic acids, carbonates from sediments, etc. The main focus of the laboratory is to determine the age of archaeological artifacts by radiocarbon dating. This work presents a comprehensive description of the BINP AMS facility, with its operation compared with that of MICADAS in the same laboratory. In 2022, the AMS Golden Valley laboratory participated for the first time in the Glasgow International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (GIRI). The samples were graphitized on the AGE-3 and subsequently measured in both AMS facilities. A comparison of the results of the two series of experiments, namely AGE-3 + MICADAS-28 and AGE-3 + BINP AMS, is given.

Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are among the most common age-related pathologies of the brain. Arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common CSVDs. In addition to causing stroke and dementia, CSVDs can have diverse covert radiological manifestations on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging including lacunes, T2-weighted white matter hyperintensities, increased density of visible perivascular spaces, microbleeds and cortical superficial siderosis. Because they cannot be visualized directly, research on the pathophysiology of CSVD has been difficult. However, advances in quantitative imaging methods, including physiological imaging such as measurement of cerebrovascular reactivity and increased vascular permeability, are beginning to allow investigation of the early effects of CSVD in living people. Furthermore, genomics, metabolomics and proteomics have the potential to illuminate previously unrecognized pathways to CSVD that could be important targets for new clinical trials.

In this work, we study the existence of solutions of nonlinear fractional coupled system of $\varphi $-Hilfer type in the frame of Banach spaces. We improve a property of a measure of noncompactness in a suitably selected Banach space. Darbo’s fixed point theorem is applied to obtain a new existence result. Finally, the validity of our result is illustrated through an example.

Previous evidence has suggested that acoustic similarity between first language (L1) and second language (L2) sounds is an accurate indicator of the speakers’ L2 classification patterns. This study investigates this assumption by examining how speakers of an under-researched language, namely Cypriot Greek, classify L2 English vowels in terms of their L1 categories. The experimental protocol relied on a perception and a production study. For the purpose of the production study, two linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models, one with both formants and duration (FD) and one with only formants (F) as input, were used to predict this classification; the models included data from both English and Cypriot Greek speakers. The perception study consisted of a classification task performed by adult Cypriot Greek advanced speakers of English who permanently resided in Cyprus. The results demonstrated that acoustic similarity was a relatively good predictor of speakers’ classification patterns as the majority of L2 vowels classified with the highest proportion were predicted with success by the LDA models. In addition, the F model was better than the FD model in predicting the full range of responses. This shows that duration features were less important than formant features for the prediction of L2 vowel classification.

This study starts with a simple model by which Hardy-Weinberg proportions are attained in a single generation while maintaining gene frequencies. The question of differentiating between random and non-random mating is explored by simulation. Sample mating proportions are generated using the model as base. The difficulty of differentiating between random and non-random mating is illustrated.

In recent years, some scientists have called for research into and potential development of ‘solar geoengineering’ technologies as an option to counter global warming. Solar geoengineering refers to a set of speculative techniques to reflect some incoming sunlight back into space, for example, by continuously spraying reflective sulphur aerosols into the stratosphere over several generations. Because of the significant ecological, social, and political risks posed by such technologies, many scholars and civil society organizations have urged governments to take action to prohibit the development and deployment of solar geoengineering techniques. In this article we take such calls for a prohibitory or a non-use regime on solar geoengineering as a starting point to examine existing international law and governance precedents that could guide the development of such a regime. The precedents we examine include international prohibitory and restrictive regimes that impose bans or restrictions on chemical weapons, biological weapons, weather modification technologies, anti-personnel landmines, substances that deplete the ozone layer, trade in hazardous wastes, deep seabed mining, and mining in Antarctica. We also assess emerging norms and soft law in anticipatory governance of novel technologies, such as human cloning and gene editing. While there is no blueprint for a solar geoengineering non-use regime in international law, our analysis points to numerous specific elements on which governments could draw to constrain or impose an outright prohibition on the development of technologies for solar geoengineering, should they opt to do so.

We give an explicit formula to count the number of geometric branches of a curve in positive characteristic using the theory of tight closure. This formula readily shows that the property of having a single geometric branch characterizes F-nilpotent curves. Further, we show that a reduced, local F-nilpotent ring has a single geometric branch; in particular, it is a domain. Finally, we study inequalities of Frobenius test exponents along purely inseparable ring extensions with applications to F-nilpotent affine semigroup rings.

Silicified brachiopods from Hirnantian strata in three sections of the lower Whittaker Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada, yielded a moderately diverse, Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna, consisting of 13 species: Biparetis paucirugosus, Brevilamnulella laevis, Dalmanella edgewoodensis, Drabovia noixella, Eospirigerina putilla, Epitomyonia paucitropida, Epitomyonia sekwiensis, Glyptorthis papillosa new species, Gnamptorhynchos orbiculoidea, Katastrophomena mackenzii new species, K. parvicardinis, Parastrophina cf. P. minor, and Skenidioides sp. Compared to the typical Edgewood fauna of the American Midcontinent, Brevilamnulella laevis has a notably smaller shell than B. thebesensis, and is interpreted as a deeper-water form. The strong faunal affinity of the Mackenzie Mountains fauna to the Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna is indicated by the occurrence of Biparetis, Brevilamnulella, Eospirigerina, and Gnamptorhynchos. In addition to the Edgewood type area within Laurentia, Biparetis, Eospirigerina, and Gnamptorhynchos are characteristic taxa that also occur in the Ellis Bay Formation (Hirnantian) of Anticosti Island. Multivariate and network analyses strongly support the differentiation between an Edgewood-type Hirnantian fauna in Laurentia and peri-Laurentia and the typical Hirnantia fauna of the Kosov Province in Gondwana, peri-Gondwana, South China, Kazakhstan terranes, Avalonia, and Baltica.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/7ff8f8c8-52d1-4527-acae-9bacd2e8b914

Construction Grammar is an emerging theory of language, but the analysis of sociolinguistic variation is still relatively underdeveloped in the framework. In this article, we consider the representation of social meaning in Construction Grammar through a corpus-based analysis of double modals in British English on social media. We describe the use of double modals in a large corpus of geolocated Twitter posts, including presenting an inventory of observed double modals and maps showing the regional distribution of each of these forms. We find that double modals show a general northern pattern and are concentrated in the Scottish Borders. We also find various rare double modals that occur more widely across the UK. To account for these results, we propose a Construction Grammar account of double modals. We argue that defining double modals as grammatical constructions requires that aspects of their social meaning be delimited, especially register and region. Furthermore, we argue that double modals may be enregistered as dialect constructions, distinguished from standard constructions of British English. We conclude by considering the importance of incorporating social meaning into Construction Grammar, underlining the value of a Cognitive Sociolinguistic approach to grammatical theory.

The paper is concerned with positive solutions to problems of the type

\[ -\Delta_{\mathbb{B}^{N}} u - \lambda u = a(x) |u|^{p-1}\;u + f \text{ in }\mathbb{B}^{N}, \quad u \in H^{1}{(\mathbb{B}^{N})}, \]

$\mathbb {B}^N$

$1< p<2^*-1:=\frac {N+2}{N-2}$

$\;\lambda < \frac {(N-1)^2}{4}$

$f \in H^{-1}(\mathbb {B}^{N})$

$f \not \equiv 0$

$a\in L^\infty (\mathbb {B}^N)$

$\lim _{d(x, 0) \rightarrow \infty } a(x) \rightarrow 1,$

$d(x,\, 0)$

$a(x) \leq 1$

$a(x) \geq 1$

$\mu ( \{ x : a(x) \neq 1\}) > 0.$

$a(x) \equiv 1$

At the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the northern and southern Tradewinds converge, and this region is characterized by low atmospheric pressure and high precipitation. The climate in the Timor Sea is characterized by seasonal precipitation changes driven by meridional migrations of the ITCZ and the monsoonal front. The ITCZ shifts in response to changes in the thermal balance between the northern and southern hemispheres. Thus, reconstruction of paleo-precipitation in the Timor Sea is expected to reveal past changes in both regional and global climate, the latter through inference of the ITCZ position. To reconstruct paleo-precipitation in the Timor Sea, we performed extensive radiocarbon analysis on both planktonic foraminifera and total organic carbon (TOC), which is derived from terrestrial and marine sources. Increased precipitation enhances the fraction of relatively old, terrestrial carbon to the core site, which in turn increases the difference between the ages of TOC and planktonic foraminifera. Variations in radiocarbon ages reveal that during northern hemisphere cooling intervals such as Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas, the ITCZ was in a southern position, thus increasing precipitation in the Timor Sea. However, the Timor Sea was dryer during the Bølling–Allerød warming as the ITCZ shifted northward.