The transition to democracy in Chile, which took place under the rules established in the authoritarian constitution, led political parties and voters to align along an authoritarian/democratic divide. In the campaign for the constitutional plebiscite in 2022, some of those in favor of a new constitution linked their position to democratic values and labeled those opposed to the new draft as lacking democratic values. Many of those opposed to the new constitution purposely distanced themselves from the authoritarian legacy. We rely on a pre-electoral poll to explore democratic values in the vote choice in the plebiscite. When factoring for economic perceptions, ideological identification, and sociodemographic traits, while holding authoritarian values was positively associated with voting Reject, expressing democratic values had a weak association with voting Approve. The authoritarian/democratic divide in the party system in the early 1990s was not a relevant determinant of vote choice in the 2022 plebiscite.

This is a case of a 6-week-old male with D-TGA and multiple large ventricular septal defects who presented with oxygen desaturations into the 60s. He had initially undergone palliative pulmonary artery banding at a different institution, for concern that patch closure of his large ventricular septal defect would compromise ventricular function. We decided to undergo 3D printing and 4D modelling of his heart to delineate his ventricular septal defect anatomy in preparation for their closure and arterial switch operation. A 4D CTA showed a large perimembranous outlet ventricular septal defect and a very large “swiss cheese” muscular defect. We then segmented the heart and produced 3D models of the diastolic and systolic phases and printed 1- and 1.5x-sized 3D heart models. The 3D and 4D models were used to evaluate all ventricular septal defects from both sides of the ventricular septum to plan their closure. The systolic phase of the CTA demonstrated near obliteration of the apical muscular ventricular septal defects. The patient underwent complete surgical repair at 4 months. The posterior septal, apical, and large anterior muscular ventricular septal defects were closed by bovine pericardium. However, the large perimembranous and inlet ventricular septal defects were closed with a single patch, sparing the intervening muscle band that was thought to contain the conduction system. From the models, the most distal apical ventricular septal defects were shown to close with ventricular contraction during systole. Therefore, apical exclusion of the RV was not required. Thus, this additional information enabled an optimal surgical approach to efficiently close ventricular septal defects in need of closure without futile attempts at closing remote ventricular septal defects.

Females may adjust how many eggs they lay over the course of their lifetime (i.e., their egg-laying pattern) to bias their investment into either current or future reproduction. Using mate availability cues to bias reproductive investment could ensure that females obtain the benefits of multiple mating when future mate availability is high or low. We studied whether perceived mate availability influenced egg-laying patterns in Teleogryllus oceanicus Le Guillou (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), the Pacific field cricket, and whether variation in those patterns affected females’ future egg-laying or total reproductive output. On hearing the male calling song to simulate high mate availability, females did not alter their egg-laying patterns relative to females that did not hear the song. The lack of influence of perceived mate availability on egg-laying patterns is noteworthy because this treatment affects many other aspects of this species’ reproductive investment. Neither investing highly in current versus future egg-laying nor having a highly variable egg-laying pattern appeared to be costly in this species. Despite consistent conditions and sufficient resources for females during the experiment, our fine-scale study of egg-laying patterns highlights the variability that exists in these patterns, and we speculate on some factors that may drive this variation.

Civic engagement benefits both participants and society, but what motivates young adults to decide to become civically engaged? A cost-benefit analysis concludes that resumé-building is a major motivator for young adult civic engagement participation because it has more visible short-term impacts compared to social or community motivators. Using a preregistered survey experiment and follow-up focus groups fielded to college students, I demonstrate that respondents exposed to a treatment describing the social benefits of civic engagement are significantly more willing to increase their civic engagement. Counter to expectations, career benefits are—at best—a secondary motivating factor. These results suggest that civic engagement does not appear to be inherently beneficial to young adults. Non-profit organizations and educators should consider ways to draw attention to the social benefits of civic engagement as a method of attracting additional program interest.

The global diffusion of state power has led to a decline in global governance; that is, in the attempt to build authoritative rules and institutions that represent the common goals of the international community. The rise of China and other powers has increased the heterogeneity of the international system, and the erstwhile hegemon has turned against the international order. The major powers today have vastly different domestic characteristics and pursue strongly divergent interests. This has gridlocked and marginalized multilateral organizations such as the United Nations and World Trade Organization and seen a worrying disregard for international law. In response, the institutional ecosystem of global governance is adapting by lowering its scope, weakening its commitments, and splintering into partly competing institutional orders. Adaptation and decline are not mutually exclusive: Today, we can witness the adaptation of global governance to its own decline. Theoretically, this points to the enduring relevance of hegemonic stability theory for global governance. The result is a reduced normative ambition for global governance, signaling a retreat from the grand internationalist vision of organized cooperation among all the members of the international community.

A patient with Kabuki syndrome and a parachute mitral valve was referred for mitral stenosis. Echocardiography indicated right ventricular dilatation and a suspected vertical ascending vein. Cardiac CT confirmed dual drainage of the left upper pulmonary vein and hemiazygos vein continuity. Despite echocardiographic limitations, surgery was performed. This rare case is reported due to its unique anatomical variation.

We prove that every $\Sigma ^0_2$ Gale-Stewart game can be won via a winning strategy $\tau $ which is $\Delta _1$-definable over $L_{\delta }$, the $\delta $th stage of Gödel’s constructible universe, where $\delta = \delta _{\sigma ^1_1}$, strengthening a theorem of Solovay from the 1970s. Moreover, the bound is sharp in the sense that there is a $\Sigma ^0_2$ game with no strategy $\tau $ which is witnessed to be winning by an element of $L_{\delta }$.

Between the fifth and first century BC, calendars that compiled astronomical and meteorological information, known as parapēgmata, came to be used throughout the Greek-speaking world. In the course of the Hellenistic period, numerous such almanacs attributed to scientific authorities who operated in different regions were circulating, some of which emphasized distinct atmospheric phenomena. By ca. 100 BC at the latest, individuals and communities began combining astrometeorological parapēgmata to produce their own, including inscribed public versions. I argue that politically active citizens and doctors would have benefited from the use of these calendars within the context of the Hellenistic polis because weather was believed to have a direct impact on the collective food supply and health of communities and such documents were perceived as an invaluable tool for anticipating important atmospheric changes, determining when meteorological thresholds were crossed and building consensus for communal action taken in response.

We prove a rigidity result for maps between Čech–Stone remainders under fairly mild forcing axioms.