This article explores the extent to which listeners vary in their ability to notice, identify and discriminate variable linguistic features. With a view to improving speaker evaluation studies (SES), three types of experiments were conducted (noticing tasks, identification tasks and discrimination tasks) with regard to variable features using word- or sentence-based stimuli and focusing on three variables and their variants – (ING): [ɪŋ], [ɪn]; (T)-deletion: [t], deleted-[t]; (K)-lenition: [k], [x]. Our results suggest that the accurate noticing, identifying and discriminating of variants is somewhat higher in words than in sentences. Correctness rates differ drastically between variants of a variable. For (ING), the non-standard variant [ɪn] is more frequently identified and noticed correctly. Yet, for the variables (T)-deletion and (K)-lenition, the standard variants are identified and noticed more successfully. Results of the current study suggest that a more rigorous elicitation of identification and noticing abilities might be useful for a more complete understanding of the nature of social evaluation.

Humanity faces an unprecedented challenge in the necessity to rapidly change behaviors across various life domains to address multiple environmental crises, such as climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. This includes the behavior of individuals at work and within organizations. Industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology is uniquely positioned to provide evidence-based recommendations for changing organizational decision-making and behavior toward greater environmental sustainability. Although a substantial body of research on this topic has emerged over the past decade, the discipline has yet to realize its full potential because the topic is currently not prioritized and the practical and societal impact of previous research is limited. This article aims to propel research on environmental sustainability at work forward. To do so, it (a) outlines the interconnections between organizations and environmental sustainability; (b) portrays previous research efforts on environmental sustainability at work, resulting in an integrative conceptual framework across micro, meso, macro, and magno levels; and (c) provides actionable recommendations for high-impact future I-O psychology research and practice related to environmental sustainability. Following an “impact-first” rationale, we identified 10 areas for future research across the four levels of the conceptual framework. For each area, we present relevant theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, and connections to related disciplines. Finally, we provide suggestions for effective science–practice transfer. Overall, the article seeks to spark discussion on this crucial topic within the community and to inspire I-O psychology researchers and practitioners to contribute to environmental sustainability.

This case note analyzes the arbitral tribunal’s assessment in Gabriel Resources v. Romania, focusing on the investors’ “second alternative claim” that Romania’s nomination and subsequent inscription of the Roșia Montană Mining Landscape on the World Heritage List constituted a breach of its obligations under the applicable bilateral investment treaties. It examines whether the tribunal’s reasoning aligns with prior investment case law involving the World Heritage Convention, and it reflects on certain aspects of the award that may warrant closer scrutiny, particularly in light of the potential normative tensions between the protection of host states’ heritage and the rights of foreign investors.

Respite for individuals caring for family living with dementia is a common way to take personal time away from caregiving. Other than respite, there is little indication that caregivers receive adequate support from community and healthcare services. As a result, caregivers tend to experience a decline in well-being, due, in part, to a reduction in meaningful leisure experiences. The purpose of this article is to share findings from research aimed at discovering ways to enhance caregiver participation in meaningful leisure. Findings highlight how participants sacrificed their leisure time in favour of caregiving responsibilities and experienced a diminished sense of social connection. Findings also highlight how participants can have their own care needs met through leisure programming that lets them know they matter. We draw from these findings to suggest ways to direct more attention and resources to meeting caregiver needs.

We study a family of variants of Jensen’s subcomplete forcing axiom, $\mathsf {SCFA,}$ and subproper forcing axiom, $\mathsf {SubPFA}$. Using these, we develop a general technique for proving nonimplications of $\mathsf {SCFA}$, $\mathsf {SubPFA}$ and their relatives and give several applications. For instance, we show that $\mathsf {SCFA}$ does not imply $\mathsf {MA}^+(\sigma $-closed) and $\mathsf {SubPFA}$ does not imply Martin’s Maximum.

In the late nineteenth century, the orally transmitted Armenian legend about the folk hero David of Sassoun seemed doomed to oblivion when Ottoman Armenian clergyman Karekin Srvandzdiants published a tiny booklet containing the story that he had learned by chance. Srvandzdiants noted that he would be happy if the story could reach twenty people. Decades later, this hitherto little-known folk legend would be read, and its main heroes celebrated by tens of millions of citizens of the Soviet Union. Scores of variants of the epic were collected from all over the newly established Soviet Armenia; some of the most revered Soviet poets and linguists produced a collated text of the epic and translated it into dozens of languages. More importantly, David of Sassoun and other heroes of the epic cycle came to symbolize the newly forged Soviet Armenian national character in a vast totalitarian empire whose guiding ideology was inimical to various aspects of Armenian traditions. In this article, I examine the underlying messages of the epic, discuss how Soviet policies helped the epic captivate a large audience in a short period, and analyze the political calculations and ideological justifications behind the promotion of the epic.

For an ideal I in a Noetherian ring R, the Fitting ideals $\mathrm{Fitt}_j(I)$ are studied. We discuss the question of when $\mathrm{Fitt}_j(I)=I$ or $\sqrt{\mathrm{Fitt}_j(I)}=\sqrt{I}$ for some j. A classical case is the Hilbert–Burch theorem when $j=1$ and I is a perfect ideal of grade 2 in a local ring.

The article addresses the question of the distinction between voluntary and involuntary immobility under emigration restrictions. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with people whose family members intended to emigrate from the Polish People’s Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic but who have not fulfilled their intentions, it examines the role of the would-be migrant’s agency in driving the immobility outcome under the narrow opportunity structure for international mobility. The analysis of reasons for the emigration intentions of formerly aspiring migrants having remained unfulfilled demonstrates that the boundary between voluntary and involuntary immobility – similar to that of voluntary versus forced migration – is often blurred. The studied cases suggest it is more justified to view immobility through the lens of a continuum of (in)voluntariness rather than as a voluntary-involuntary binary. Moreover, the study shows how the blurriness of the boundary between voluntary and involuntary immobility may be understood through changes over time in the reasons for the non-realization of one’s migration intentions.

Understanding the stock structure of a commercial species is essential for sustainable management. Failure to do so can lead to the depletion of regional sub-populations, erosion of genetic diversity, and ecosystem services loss. Plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, is a commercially exploited species inhabiting the continental shelf around Iceland. Despite a tagging study providing support for strong spawning site and feeding ground fidelity, and otolith microstructure analysis revealing local population structure, plaice is managed as a single stock in Icelandic waters. Here, we describe and quantify the parasite fauna of plaice and assess the potential of parasites as biological tags for stock identification of plaice in Icelandic waters. A total of 82 plaice were sampled from different geographical locations (north and south) and seasons (summer and winter) in Iceland. Our sampling identified 11 parasites, five of which are new parasite records for plaice in Icelandic waters: the trematodes Zoogonoides viviparus (adults) and Rhipidocotyle sp. (metacercariae), and the nematodes Contracaecum osculatum (larvae), Dichelyne sp. (adults), and Hysterothylacium aduncum (larvae and adults). Additionally, we recovered metacercariae of the trematode genus Apatemon, which has not been recorded previously from plaice. Two parasites were identified as potential biological tags for stock identification – namely, the nematode Anisakis simplex and the trematode Z. viviparus. Our findings support a complex stock structure for plaice in Icelandic waters and the need for an integrative strategy to stock identification to provide fine spatial scale data required to inform fisheries managers.

This article investigates the rules that were put into the mouth of the Buddha by Indian Buddhist jurists in order to differentiate monks from non-Buddhist (particularly Jaina and Ājīvika) ascetics as observed in extant Vinaya literature. It demonstrates that the Buddhist jurists were fully aware of Jaina and Ājīvika modes of asceticism, and that they consciously used legislation as a tool to construct Buddhist identity, particularly through legally differentiating the physical appearance, customs, practices, and even social status of monks from those of their śramaṇic rivals. The Buddha’s prescription of a rule to make monks distinguishable from non-Buddhist ascetics often occurs as an immediate response to the laity’s criticism or misunderstanding. This arrangement indicates that the monastic jurists were concerned not only with differentiating Buddhist and non-Buddhist renunciants, but also with protecting the public image of the Buddhist monastic institution and ultimately with maintaining the laity’s trust and support.