The phonological status of Old English (OE) fricatives has been a vexed one, the general agreement being that the distribution of voiced ([v ð z ɣ]) and voiceless ([f θ s x]) fricatives was allophonic (Fulk 2001; Minkova 2011, 2014). We argue that OE was a fortis–lenis language specified for [spread] in terms of laryngeal realism, or ‘glottal width’ (GW) (Avery & Idsardi 2001). We discuss OE lenis and fortis stops, the structure of voiceless geminates ([ff], [ss], [tt], etc.) and voiceless geminate‑like structures ([sp], [st], [xt], etc.) and conclude that OE had phonologically marked fricatives for GW, found as the first member of phonetically voiceless (partial) geminates ([ff] /fGWf0/, [sp] /sGWb0/). Unmarked singleton fricatives, by contrast, were phonetically enhanced with GW in strong positions (foot‑initially in trochees and degenerate feet) and with ‘glottal tension’ (GT) in post‑tonic foot‑internal intersonorant position, which is less controversial. They were, however, unenhanced word‑finally and when couched between unstressed vowels, and thus phonetically variably voiced. We explore some of the consequences of entertaining such ideas.

This article delves into the experience of urban modernity in Mohammad Reza’s Tehran, focusing particularly on the phenomenon of window-shopping as depicted in three films: Chaharrah-e Havades (The crossroad of events, Samuel Khachikian, 1955); Aghay-e Halu (Mr. Naive, Dariush Mehrjui, 1971); and Zir-e Pust-e Shab (Under the skin of night, Fereydun Gole, 1974). These films, set against the backdrop of Tehran’s urban metamorphosis, offer a narrative of the modern metropolis as a site of exhibition, where the gaze of characters from lower social or economic strata is ensnared by a plethora of visual spectacles. The critical portrayal of shop displays and the phenomenon of window-shopping in these films offer profound insights into the complex interplay of desires, promises, disappointments, and fears that the state’s modernization projects and urban consumer culture evoked.

A rightful condition, according to Kant, requires both a law to limit the freedom of each and a ruler to enforce that limit, a ruler who cannot himself be subject to the law’s enforcement without ceasing to perform his primary function. Kant placed his hopes, circa 1784, in a future ruler who combined worldly experience, a ‘correct conception’ of a possible constitution, and, above all, the good will to accept it. Subsequent historical events, along with the ‘completion’ in 1790 of Kant’s own critical system, suggested a new basis for confidence in civil progress no longer ultimately dependent on the ‘good will’ of rulers, while also making new demands on citizens themselves. I share the view of many others that Kant came to prefer the people’s actual consent to the laws over the merely hypothetical consent that he endorsed in the works of the mid-1780s. My reading of the Metaphysics of Morals Part One differs in treating the work not only as a theoretical treatise but also, and necessarily, a practical intervention in historical time. The resulting reading yields an internally coherent argument favouring representative democracy of a peculiar kind – one whose ‘organic’ character has not been fully appreciated.

Atrial myxoma in children is rare, with vision loss and cerebral metastasis seldom reported. We present the case of a 12-year-old girl who experienced sudden vision loss and acute infarction, with a left atrial myxoma identified and surgically resected. One year later, she was readmitted with severe neurological symptoms. Imaging revealed multiple hypometabolic brain lesions, which were confirmed as metastatic myxoma through surgical resection and pathology. This case underscores the critical need for long-term follow-up in patients with cardiac myxoma to monitor potential delayed neurological complications.

This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of PUFA intake on the association between psoriasis and 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk. Data of this study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 2003–2006 and 2009–2014. The 10-year ASCVD risk score was calculated based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, and the subjects were stratified into high 10-year ASCVD risk (≥ 7·5 %) and low 10-year ASCVD risk (< 7·5 %), accordingly. The weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilised to evaluate the effect of total PUFA and its subtypes intake on the association between psoriasis and 10-year ASCVD risk. This effect was further evaluated in the subgroup of subjects aged ≥ 60 and < 60 years old. A total of 8705 participants were included, with 41·02 % (n 3571) in the high 10-year ASCVD risk (≥ 7·5 %). We observed subjects with psoriasis (OR 1·65; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·67) and low n-3 intake (OR 1·27; 95 % CI 1·025, 1·53) were associated with high 10-year ASCVD risk; no significant association was found between n-6 and 10-year ASCVD risk. The moderating effect of n-3 intake on the association between psoriasis and 10-year ASCVD risk was observed (OR 2·56; 95 % CI 1·04, 6·26). We also found among the n-3 components, α-linolenic acid (OR 2·72; 95 % CI 1·10, 6·70) had a more significant moderating effect on the association between psoriasis and 10-year ASCVD risk, especially in the subjects aged < 60 years (OR 2·41; 95 % CI 1·36, 4·28). Adequate intake of n-3, especially α-linolenic acid, may have potential benefits on improving cardiovascular health in psoriasis patients.

In this paper, we examine cases where radiocarbon (14C) dates are incompatible with dates produced by other established archaeological methods. We present results from nine bones that we sampled from tombs in Phoenician sites in Sicily. These bones produced radiocarbon dates conflicting with established dates of finds in the associated tombs. These discrepancies, particularly in tomb dates, pose a serious problem, as they suggest that the finds may be disconnected from the buried individuals, challenging the fundamental premise of studying excavated tombs. To put our findings in a broader context, we also present other cases of discrepancies found in recent publications and note some common observations throughout these studies. Our questions and observations arise from the significant implications that radiocarbon dating has for our research on Phoenician ancient DNA, as these conflicts impact our understanding of the potential migration and movement of Phoenician people throughout the Mediterranean.

Global food security challenges, driven by the need to feed an estimated 10 billion people by 2050, require sustainable agricultural practices which strengthen nutritional adequacy while minimising environmental impacts. Yet, decision-making to foster food systems which consider both human and planetary health is growing in complexity. This paper, presented at an International Atomic Energy Agency-supported symposium at the 14th European Nutrition Conference of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, highlights the potential of stable isotope techniques in generating valuable evidence to help support the development of sustainable food systems. It focuses on three methods: the dual tracer stable isotope technique for measuring protein digestibility, the Fe isotope dilution technique for assessing Fe absorption, loss and balance and the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique for estimating breast milk intake. The dual tracer isotope method provides a minimally invasive assessment of protein quality from a diverse variety of crops and novel sources, supporting the transition towards environmentally conscious, protein-rich diets. The Fe isotope dilution technique can be used to address Fe requirements across different population groups and calculate Fe absorption from whole diets or after consuming crops designed to be nutritionally sufficient, thus guiding dietary guidelines and agricultural strategies. Finally, the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique provides precise data on breast milk intake, underscoring the role of breastfeeding in sustaining optimal infant nutrition and the conservation of resources. These methods have the ability to generate critical evidence to support policy development and food system innovations that prioritise human health and environmental preservation.

Algorithmic management is deeply changing the way work is performed and the interaction between managers and workers in organizations. It also heavily affects the conditions for meaningful work highlighted by existing literature. Therefore, organizations need an appropriate framework to enable meaningful work when adopting algorithmic management systems. This article presents a normative study of the conditions for work to be meaningful in this new scenario. To fulfil this purpose, it adopts a MacIntyrean approach, according to which work is meaningful when it embodies practice-like characteristics. The article identifies the main threats of algorithmic management and characterizes the normative conditions organizations should meet to enable meaningful work. In addition, the article explores the strategies of resistance that workers use to live up to the standards of meaningful work when organizations are not capable or willing to provide those conditions.

Contemporary human-centered organization and management practices endanger the planet’s health, affecting the life and death of multiple species—including humans. Drawing on insights from multispecies ethnography and feminist new materialism, this article contributes to the business ethics literature by developing a theoretical framework for multispecies organizing as a matter of care. Going beyond existing understandings of human-animal relations, we show how ethico-political dynamics shape multispecies relations in three ways: how we and other species relate to ecologies-in-place (affective relationalities); what we and other species do (vital doings); and, finally, what kinds of worlds we—through our ethical sensibilities—commit to bringing into being (ethical obligations). Using an illustrative example of a rewilding site in England, this article shows how multispecies organizing plays out in a specific ecology-in-place. Our argument has important implications for the conception and contemporary practices of the organizational ethics of life and death.

The Gāϑās of Zaraϑuštra provide us with the Old Avestan attestations of the adjectives mauuaṇt-, ϑβāuuaṇt- and xšmāuuaṇt-/yūšmāuuaṇt-. The adjective mauuaṇt- occurs twice in the Gāϑās, while ϑβāuuaṇt- occurs five times and xšmāuuaṇt-/yūšmāuuaṇt- occurs seven times. Over the years, little effort has been put into studying the broader context in which these words are situated or into understanding the specific use and significance of these words in the Gāϑās. The basis for their translation has mostly been exogenous, with the early Avestan scholars using the readily available meanings of the Vedic equivalents mā́vat-, tvā́vat- and yuṣmā́vat- for this purpose. In contrast, this article endeavours to understand the meaning and significance of the words mauuaṇt-, ϑβāuuaṇt- and xšmāuuaṇt-/yūšmāuuaṇt- in the context of Zoroastrian theology. It further seeks to examine the morphological basis of their meaning, to offer updated translation options for them and to situate these updated translations into the Gāϑic stanzas in which they occur.

Based on recent evidence from Europe, the paper shows that polarisation and upgrading are not mutually exclusive trends, but rather, simultaneously defined recent structural changes in employment. The results show that (a) the occupational structure shows a general shift towards high-skill jobs, (b) the prevailing upgrading patterns are often accompanied by job polarisation, as the share of middle-skill jobs declines in most cases, and (c) while low-skill employment often outperforms middle-skill jobs, it has tended to decline. In addition to analysing trends for EU-27 countries with different levels of development for the latest available time periods, the article also shows that occupational upgrading patterns are rather intertwined with job polarisation and are compatible with both the Skill-Biased Technical Change (SBTC) and Routine-Biased Technical Change (RBTC) hypotheses. The employment dynamics of low-skill workers are uncertain, as they are not fully compatible with any theoretical model, thus pointing to the need for a finer understanding of changes in occupational structure, and the extent to which both polarisation and upgrading are shaping the evolution of the labour force structure under the impact of (ongoing) technological change.

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a destructive monophagous pest of mulberry, Morus Linnaeus (Moraceae), trees. In order to identify mulberry cultivars resistant to G. pyloalis, 12 cultivars were examined using field and in vitro testing. Field observations indicated that cultivars AlbapC, BombyL, LaeviT, and CathaB had less than 10.0% damage, with no observed damage on the CathaB cultivar. The life table parameters showed that CathaB cultivar had the longest larval and pupal duration (23.2 days in total), the shortest adult period (5.3 days), the lowest rates of both pupation (55.0%) and adult emergence (69.7%), the highest adult mortality (61.7%), the lowest average weight of pupae (30.4 mg), and the lowest daily oviposition (5.0 eggs/female/day). The larval performance of G. pyloalis in the field revealed that CathaB had the lowest larval density. Correlation analyses confirmed that significant correlations exist between all the performance parameters of G. pyloalis for both the observed damage and larval performance. Leaf characterisation of selected cultivars indicated CathaB had significantly higher values of leaf wax, trichome density, soluble glucose, and protein contents compared to MultiQ. This study would be a valuable reference for evaluating pest-resistant cultivars and establishing a theoretical foundation for managing G. pyloalis.