American politics is characterized by an implicit rights-centrism, for example, when public discourse champions the freedom of speech in absolute terms. This article proposes instead an ends-centric mode of deliberation that underscores the myriad ends beyond rights that are also necessary to a polity’s health. Grounded in republican theory, the ends-centric mode maintains space to (re)prioritize ends and to redraw the boundaries of rights as required by a given moment or issue. Rather than displace rights-centrism or the courts’ role in enforcing rights, the ends-centric mode prompts other institutions also to engage in rights reasoning, thereby elevating the larger conversation and process of deliberation. It thus allows a separation-of-powers logic to operate more fully in the realm of rights by leveraging diverse institutional perspectives and capacities toward a multi-sided dialogue over rights questions. We draw from historical debates on speech and press freedom from the early republic and the twentieth century to find sight lines for an ends-centric approach in American politics. We further examine how ends-centric arguments would benefit deliberations over the regulation of social media today. Specifically, arguments that overemphasize speech in social media crowd out other desirable ends, such as protecting young people online and combating misinformation. Ultimately, we argue the benefits of rights-centric and ends-centric modes operating alongside each other across constitutional fora, as the polity deliberates rights in old and new forms.

This paper demonstrates a method for quantifying the unmitigated mid-air collision (MAC) rate (${\lambda _{{\textrm{MAC}}}}$) between crewed aircraft and uncrewed aircraft (UA) above different congested area operating environments, to support broadening the definition of an atypical air environment (AAE) within the United Kingdom (UK). The underlying principle of this work is that all crewed aircraft should be operating in accordance with UK Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA), which dictate minimum operating heights over built-up areas, specifically 1,000 ft in the majority of cases, except during take-off and landing. It is unrealistic, however, to assume that this rule is never breached; therefore, we present a method for objectively evaluating the likely encounter rate. We systematically consider the exclusion of runway protection zones (RPZs), aerodrome traffic zones (ATZs) and helicopter landing sites (HLSs) from the operating areas and evaluate the effect on ${\lambda _{{\textrm{MAC}}}}$. Results are presented that apply the methodology to over 33,000 hours worth of air traffic data recorded at three different sites across the UK. It is concluded that the operation of UA overhead congested areas, outside of RPZs and HLSs, likely satisfies an appropriate target level of safety (TLS) to be considered an AAE up to a height of 100 m above ground level (AGL) both inside and outside of controlled airspace.

Raïssa Maritain is one of the most compelling Catholic poets of the twentieth century, and yet her work is largely overlooked by literary critics. This short essay explores her mystical reading of darkness as a place of spiritual discernment, intuition, and kenosis and the poetic night vision she developed to negotiate it. The essay reads her as a fire-thief intent on stealing from poetry a light able to illuminate God’s dazzling darkness and the ruinous gloom of war.

Scientific data on the influences of salinity shifts on the survival and behavioural attributes of marine animals is valuable to select potential coastal aquaculture candidates/commercial cultivation sites and to devise conservation strategies in the climate change scenario. This study establishes the survival ranges following gradual and abrupt salinity shifts for a high-value marine lobster species, Panulirus homarus. Lethal concentration limits differed between gradual and abrupt salinity shifts, with a broader tolerance observed under gradual shifts. There was 100% survival between 17 and 44‰ and between 26 and 41‰ following gradual and abrupt salinity shifts. As behavioural responses are critical in understanding the physiology and welfare status of animals, behavioural attributes, viz. antennule flicking per minute (AFM) and feed response time (FRT) were evaluated upon salinity shifts from the control (35‰). The sudden increase in AFM was the first visible reaction to the salinity shifts followed by a sustained decline beyond particular ranges in both gradual and abrupt shifts. FRT was significantly decreased beyond specific salinity ranges on gradual and abrupt salinity shifts and the animals became completely anorectic beyond 44–14‰, and beyond 44–23‰, respectively, on gradual and abrupt shifts. A better coping mechanism and a wider range of salinity tolerance were observed for gradual shifts than abrupt shifts.

This is the first part of a series of papers devoted to the study of linear cocycles over chaotic systems. In the present paper, we establish the existence of such cocycles that $\mathcal {C}^\alpha $-stably exhibit fiberwise bounded orbits ($\alpha>0$). The proof is based on a new mechanism which yields stable elliptic-type behavior in $\mathrm {GL}(d,\mathbb {R})$ or $\mathrm {SL}(d,\mathbb {R})$ cocycles. Moreover, we show that this phenomenon is $\mathcal {C}^0$-dense among $\mathrm {SL}(d,\mathbb {R})$ cocycles over a shift of finite type without dominated splitting.

Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $E_1$ and $E_2$ be two elliptic curves defined over a number field $K$, with good ordinary reduction at $p$. We compare the $\Lambda$-ranks and (generalized) Iwasawa invariants of the Pontryagin duals of the Selmer groups of $E_1$ and $E_2$ over ${\mathbb{Z}}_p^d$-extensions $\mathbb{L}_\infty$ of $K$ for general $d \ge 1$ under the hypothesis that $E_1[p^i] \cong E_2[p^i]$ as Galois modules for a sufficiently large $i$. This generalizes and complements previous work over ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$-extensions. The comparison of generalized Iwasawa invariants is related via an up-down approach to the comparison of the variation of classical Iwasawa invariants over the ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$-extensions of $K$ which are contained in $\mathbb{L}_\infty$.

We construct various novel and elementary examples of dynamics with metric attractors that have intermingled basins. A main ingredient is the introduction of random walks along orbits of a given dynamical system. We develop the theory and use it in particular to provide examples of thick metric attractors with intermingled basins.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and disordered regions of folded proteins (IDRs) perform a plethora of cellular functions involving interactions with a variety of proteins, DNA, and RNA. Their flexibility enables them to interact with different cellular components. They can adopt molten globule as well as extended statistical coil structures depending on their amino acid residue sequence. They are generally more enriched in polar and charged residues, which generally facilitate solvation. This review article asks to what extent water as a solvent affects local (on a residue level) and global properties (size, Flory exponents) of IDPs. It introduces various aspects of protein hydration in the folded state as a benchmark and reference. The results of experimental and computational studies on short model peptides reveal how local structural propensities of residues are determined by water–backbone and water–side chain interactions. Ramachandran plots of individual amino acid residues are side-chain and neighbor-dependent. For unfolded oligo-peptides and IDPs (IDRs) the article discusses the intricated relationship between IDP hydration and global parameters (i.e., radius of gyration), which involves multiple parameters such as net charge, charge distribution, hydrophobicity, and the ionic strength of the aqueous solution. A review of experimental work that explored the strength of water–protein interactions and their influence on water dynamics reveals significant differences between water binding to folded and disordered proteins. Finally, The role of water in liquid–liquid mixing of short peptides and IDPs is delineated, which can lead to gelation and the formation of membrane-less droplets.

This article examines how the socio-indexical meanings of dialects/style are reconfigured through two-way parallel migration in Ningbo-Fenghua, China, focusing on the socio-indexical (re)valuation of Putonghua, Ningbonese, and Fenghuanese. Using two-phase matched-guise experiments and interviews, the study traces how mobility patterns and generational positioning mediate these meanings. Results show that, while Putonghua retains institutional prestige, it is often regarded affectively empty. In contrast, Fenghuanese and Ningbonese carry ambivalent, shifting values. Fenghua-born migrants reframe Fenghuanese as a resource for expressing intimacy, trust, and regionalism, while non-migrants view it as outdated. Ningbonese occupies a middle-ground, indexing familiarity, respectability, or obsolescence depending on context. Notably, younger speakers collapse dialectal distinctions, reframing both as ‘old speech’ tied to generation rather than place. These findings challenge Global North models that link indexical revaluation to elite cosmopolitanism, showing instead how meaning-making in the Global South can also emerge through administrative restructuring, regional absorption, and long-standing mobility patterns. (Indexicality, social meaning, Ningbo-Fenghua, migration and language, language attitudes).