Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is a critical public health priority during emergencies, yet remains poorly integrated into emergency preparedness planning in many high-income countries (HICs). Despite the availability of international guidance, such as the Operational Guidance on IYCF in Emergencies the implementation of these tools in national systems has been inconsistent within HICs. This review examines recent emergencies in HICs to identify policy and operational gaps affecting breastfeeding support, the management of commercial milk formula (CMF) and the distribution of commercially available complementary foods (CACFs). The present review focuses on the practical translation of Infant and young child feeding in Emergencies (IYCF-E) guidance into emergency responses across a range of contexts. This review highlights widespread failures to protect breastfeeding during crises, often due to a lack of trained personnel, inadequate shelter infrastructure and limited integration of IYCF into emergency protocols. CMF was frequently distributed without needs assessment or support, undermining breastfeeding and introducing risks related to hygiene and preparation. CACFs were often age-inappropriate, ultra-processed or culturally unsuitable, with potential long-term implications for child health. Even in countries with strong health systems, IYCF-E was often fragmented, under-resourced or absent from preparedness frameworks. To build nutritional resilience, IYCF-E must be embedded within public health and disaster planning, supported by legal protections, trained personnel, regulated product distribution and coordinated communication. This requires a shift in policy and perception, recognising that the right to safe and appropriate feeding in emergencies applies equally in all settings.

In this article, I discuss the inadequacy of the solution to the problem of evil in a God-created world proposed by the African perfect God theists, Kwame Gyekye and Ebunoluwa Oduwole, and highlight the success of the limited God framework of Kwasi Wiredu, J.A.I. Bewaji, and the Chimakonams in accounting for the evil in the world. However, implicit in the limitation thesis is the claim that God did his best at the time he created the world, such that the evil in it cannot be further reduced to allow for a better world. I argue that the limited God view offers a good reason to believe that a limited God can reduce the evil in the world and make it better, once the deity is conceived as a sufficiently powerful, knowledgeable, and good being with the capacity for continuous improvement within the bounds of limitation.

The introduction and use of digital contact tracing apps as part of pandemic management have notably raised many legal and ethical challenges, ranging from determinations of public interest in using gathered data to privacy protections for app users and broader considerations of national socio-economic priorities. As the use of these digital contact tracing apps is supported by laws, legal preparedness is essential in determining appropriate legal authority that considers necessary trade-offs such as temporary privacy infringements, proportional data gathering and collective public health benefits. This paper examines the extent of legal preparedness in addressing competing interests between public health and individuals in the use of digital contact tracing apps. It does so through two main lenses: (1) an analysis of Singapore’s legal framework pertaining to data protection, privacy and contact tracing apps and (2) an analysis of the domestic social and political influences that explain why Singapore’s approach to digital contact tracing was viable, and assess its potential or limits for broader applicability.

The subject of this study comprises how Turkey’s EU membership is seen by HDP-supporter Kurdish voters in Turkey, as a non-EU country that has on-hold negotiations but still an ostensible vision for membership. There is a dearth of literature regarding Kurdish voters’ views on the EU, and this study, employing the focus group method, aims to address this gap by providing insights into the perspectives of Kurdish voters who support the HDP on Turkey-EU relations and their attitudes toward the EU. The study employs focus group methodology to assess whether the independentist demands that began to spring in Europe are also becoming popular among Kurdish voters. The primary finding derived from the focus group study indicates that the interviewees exhibited limited interest in both the EU negotiations and the EU’s handling of the Kurdish issue, and that the EU accession process failed to evoke significant enthusiasm among the interviewees. Meanwhile, developments pertaining to the Kurdish population in Syria and Iraq have generated a significantly higher level of enthusiasm when compared to the negotiations with the European Union.

This article discusses a passage in the speech of Lycurgus against Leocrates, and argues that a phrase usually interpreted as ‘in the willows’ should be emended to a phrase meaning ‘in the wicker market’.

Interstate conflict is rare not primarily because states settle disputes peacefully but largely because they have no serious dispute. To address this simple but oft-neglected reality, I provide a comprehensive measurement of states’ claimable areas. Focusing on three international norms that emerged after the world wars (territorial integrity, minority protection, and maritime sovereignty), I code geographical extents of states’ claimable areas for 1946–2024. I illustrate the usefulness of this dataset by applying it to oil and conflict. By leveraging the records of over 600,000 wildcat drills, natural experiments, and difference-in-differences, I demonstrate that fuel resources increased interstate conflicts only when discovered in areas claimable to multiple states. The extensive analyses of validity, heterogeneity, and mechanisms, as well as the “most-similar” case study, provide further evidence. These findings expand the emerging literature on territorial norms by providing comprehensive, rigorous, and contemporary evidence for claimability in international relations.

With sustained house price inflation in recent decades undermining the capacities of many younger people to form independent households, intergenerational relations have intensified, with increasing pressure on parents to assist their offspring, especially in supporting homebuying. This paper examines realignment between generations around transfers and the role of housing systems, policies and practices therein. Whilst recent research emphasises the experiences of young receivers, this paper addresses the impact on, and roles of, parent givers. We focus on Hong Kong as a remarkably tight housing market with high concentrations of older-cohorts in both homeownership and public rental housing, as well as very limited housing access for younger-cohorts. Our analysis builds on a quantitative survey of 1,012 parents co-residing with adult-children (aged 25–35 years), complemented by qualitative interviews with a small sub-sample of respondents. Our findings not only demonstrate the impact of intergenerational housing inequalities on family practices, but also how housing, welfare and policy transformations are shaping both intergenerational responsibilities and expectations of government.

Political instability, socio-economic challenges and ongoing conflict hinder effective conservation and monitoring efforts within Lebanon’s nature reserves (NRs) and thus threaten the country’s biodiversity. The first nationwide NR mammal survey in 2023–2024 employed camera traps and line transect sampling to assess species presence and evaluate the effects of habitat diversity and human disturbance on mammal richness. We confirmed the presence of 16 terrestrial mammal species, and species richness varied considerably across sites, with the greatest diversity found in large, ecologically heterogeneous NRs such as Shouf Cedar and Horsh Ehden. Although not statistically significant, habitat diversity was the strongest positive predictor of species richness (r = 0.45), followed by NR area (r = 0.40), whereas human disturbance tended to be inversely related to species richness. No significant differences were detected between the two survey methods. Despite logistical and security challenges, this study offers a baseline for future monitoring and conservation strategies and suggests that habitat heterogeneity is important for sustaining mammalian diversity.