We introduce a notion of equivariant vector bundles on schemes over semirings. We do this by considering the functor of points of a locally free sheaf. We prove that every toric vector bundle on a toric scheme X over an idempotent semifield equivariantly splits as a sum of toric line bundles. We then study the equivariant Picard group $\operatorname{Pic}_G(X)$. Finally, we prove a version of Klyachko’s classification theorem for toric vector bundles over an idempotent semifield.

Water and light are essential resources for crop development, and their limitations can significantly affect agricultural productivity. While irrigation systems are widely used to mitigate water scarcity, the role of nighttime artificial lighting in open-field conditions remains an emerging research area. This review explores the potential of nighttime light supplementation as a crop management strategy by analysing its physiological, morphological, and biochemical effects on plants. A key question addressed is whether supplemental lighting can enhance crop productivity in the field and under which conditions this approach is most effective. We examine which crops are more likely to benefit from artificial lighting based on their light limitations and physiological responses. Additionally, we discuss whether alternative agronomic practices, such as planting arrangements and canopy management, could achieve similar benefits without artificial light supplementation. The review also considers how the timing and spectral composition of supplemental light influence plant development. While continuous or nighttime lighting may alter physiological processes, it remains unclear whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental to productivity. Studies on light penetration, particularly the role of green and far-red wavelengths, suggest that spectral composition can impact plant morphology and light-use efficiency, raising questions about optimal lighting strategies. Finally, we address the feasibility of large-scale nighttime lighting in agriculture by discussing energy demands, potential environmental impacts, and economic viability. While preliminary studies suggest promising physiological responses, experimental validation under field conditions is still needed to determine whether this technology represents a profitable and sustainable investment.

Sharp, nonasymptotic bounds are obtained for the relative entropy between the distributions of sampling with and without replacement from an urn with balls of $c\geq 2$ colors. Our bounds are asymptotically tight in certain regimes and, unlike previous results, they depend on the number of balls of each color in the urn. The connection of these results with finite de Finetti-style theorems is explored, and it is observed that a sampling bound due to Stam (1978) combined with the convexity of relative entropy yield a new finite de Finetti bound in relative entropy, which achieves the optimal asymptotic convergence rate.

William Inge, Edward Gordon Selwyn, and Charles Gore represent three Anglican responses to John Henry Newman’s Essay on the Development of Doctrine. Development sought to account for doctrinal changes in Christianity by characterising Christianity as a ‘real idea’, expressing an object in the mind that can only be shown in its fullness by encounters with different philosophies over time. This was part of a wider intellectual movement in the 19th century away from static ideas of doctrinal history and towards more dynamic and subjective treatments. Inge, Selwyn, and Gore all make use of Newman after the First World War. Inge argues Newman abstracts historical facts from their realities, and abandons the old concept of tradition, where the church is the custodian of revelation, in favour of a relativistic concept, new in each generation. Selwyn makes use of Newman’s idea to argue for the autonomy of religious experience as a source of human knowledge mediated through religious traditions. Gore argues Newman enables ‘mobility’ in communicating Christianity to different cultures but argues development can be used justify distortions of the first revelation. The test of their authenticity should be whether they are inclusive of those Christ would be inclusive.

Soil respiration is the second largest natural flux of Carbon (C) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, with tropical forests amongst the largest contributors to such soil-derived C effluxes. With climate change expected to drive changes in both temperature and rainfall, our ability to predict responses of the C cycle in the future hinges upon an understanding of how these factors influence soil respiration. However, these relationships remain poorly characterised across the seasonal tropics, especially South Asia. Here, for two seasonal tropical sites in the Western Ghats of India, we characterised annual, seasonal and temporal variation in soil respiration and assessed its temperature and moisture sensitivity over six years. At both sites, soil respiration was positively correlated with temperature at the instantaneous scale, but showed no relationship with temperature at seasonal or annual scales. In contrast, soil respiration showed significant relationships with rainfall and soil moisture at all temporal scales. At the annual scale, soil respiration was negatively correlated with total annual rainfall. At the seasonal scale, wet season Rs was significantly lower than in the dry season. At the instantaneous scale, Rs showed a parabolic relationship with soil moisture, where soil respiration increased with soil moisture up to ∼21 cm3cm-3 and decreased beyond that point. Our results suggest that future changes in the Indian summer monsoon, especially the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, are likely to significantly impact soil respiration rates in this seasonal tropical forest.

The ageing population is anticipated to encounter several challenges related to sustainability. While policies such as ageing in place can benefit older adults in terms of familiarity and independence, these policies can also lead to increased social isolation. To facilitate ageing in the right place, it is crucial to understand how the design of environments promotes social sustainability. This article presents a scoping review of empirical research focused on the characteristics of housing and surrounding environments that support social integration, cohesion and participation of older adults. The search strategy was conducted in five databases, resulting in 20,477 articles. After screening 7,550 titles and abstracts based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 articles were selected. The findings of these articles are presented across three themes: (1) housing environments, (2) environments beyond the home and (3) the social environment. Although there is no one-size-fits-all housing model for older adults, the authors suggest that ageing in place policies should be reconceptualized as ageing in ‘places’ and ‘spaces’, emphasizing the diversity of social needs of older adults. Understanding the environmental characteristics, the role of accessible and safe environments beyond the home, and how people and culture support a sense of belonging provides a policy direction for how to design socially sustainable environments for older adults in the future.

For an even positive integer n, we study rank-one Eisenstein cohomology of the split orthogonal group $\mathrm {O}(2n+2)$ over a totally real number field $F.$ This is used to prove a rationality result for the ratios of successive critical values of degree-$2n$ Langlands L-functions associated to the group $\mathrm {GL}_1 \times \mathrm {O}(2n)$ over F. The case $n=2$ specializes to classical results of Shimura on the special values of Rankin–Selberg L-functions attached to a pair of Hilbert modular forms.

The adoption of the main text of the Pandemic Agreement at the 2025 World Health Assembly is a milestone in global health law. The adopted text makes several key contributions, but there were several missed opportunities in the negotiating process, and key roadblocks remain for the future of the Pandemic Agreement.

The lattice walks in the plane starting at the origin $\mathbf {0}$ with steps in $\{-1,0,1\}^{2}\setminus \{\mathbf {0}\}$ are called king walks. We investigate enumeration and divisibility for higher dimensional king walks confined to certain regions. Specifically, we establish an explicit formula for the number of $(r+s)$-dimensional king walks of length n ending at $(a_1,\ldots ,a_r,b_1,\ldots ,b_s)$ which never dip below $x_i=0$ for $i=1,\ldots ,r$. We also derive divisibility properties for the number of $(r+s)$-dimensional king walks of length p (an odd prime) through group actions.

This study investigated the effects of enzyme and/or sodium butyrate supplementation on the performance, eggshell quality, pancreatic enzyme activities, and jejunum histology of laying quails-fed diets containing sunflower meal (SFM). A total of 140 24-week-old quails were randomly allocated into five experimental groups with 14 replicates each. The treatment diets were: NC (negative control without SFM), PC (positive control with 25% SFM), PC+E (PC + 500 g/ton multi-enzyme), PC+B (PC + 1000 g/ton sodium butyrate), and PC+EB (PC + 500 g/ton multi-enzyme + 1000 g/ton sodium butyrate).

As a result of this study, egg production was significantly higher in the PC, PC+E, and PC+EB groups compared to NC, while feed intake increased in PC but decreased with enzyme and/or sodium butyrate supplementation. Eggshell-breaking strength was highest in PC+B, whereas eggshell ratio and thickness increased across all groups compared to NC. Pancreatic lipase activity increased in PC+E and PC+B, but pancreatic amylase and protease activities decreased in all treatments compared to NC. Villus height and crypt depth improved with enzyme and/or sodium butyrate supplementation, with villus width and surface area significantly greater in PC+E and PC+EB. However, the villus height/crypt depth ratio decreased in all groups except PC+EB. In conclusion, diets containing 25% SFM did not impair performance or egg quality and improved eggshell thickness and ratio. Enzyme and/or sodium butyrate supplementation reduced feed intake enhanced pancreatic lipase activity, decreased amylase and protease activities, and improved jejunum histology, with sodium butyrate notably increasing eggshell-breaking strength.

This paper reconsiders the term ‘Generation of the Thirties’ in modern Greek art, arguing that the artists retrospectively grouped under this label emerged mainly after the Second World War and were united by a time-specific pursuit of ‘Greekness’. It examines how their synthesis of local tradition and European modernism reflected post-war quests for national identity and was shaped by Cold War cultural politics and mass media stereotypes. It traces the history of the term ‘Generation of the Thirties’ in art, explores its academic and curatorial consolidation in the late 1970s, and examines why it became attractive during the Metapolitefsi era.