The Catherine Tate Show (2004–7) is a rich source of instances of stereotyped language varieties as linked to various TV tropes, reflecting how speakers coming from specific regional areas in the British Isles are generally and stereotypically perceived within British society, thus contributing to their linguistic enregisterment. Building on previous works on dialects in the media and their stereotypical representations, this study gives an account of the various implications and functions of the linguistic phenomena that are specific to the Southeast of England and that are exploited for the creation of some of the fictional identities presented in the show. Specific phonological features that implicitly collocate Tate’s recurring characters both regionally and socially are identified and their functions discussed.

Burial 10 is a unique Manteño (AD 650–1532) burial from Buen Suceso, Ecuador, dating between AD 771 and 953. This burial included the remains of a young female, pregnant at the time of death and buried with an elaborate array of goods, including anachronistic spondylus ornaments, green stones, and shell eye coverings. Perimortem trauma, including a cranial fracture and cutmarks on hand bones, perimortem removal of the hands and left leg, and other body manipulation suggest she was sacrificed, a rare event for coastal Ecuadorian peoples.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el registro de Chenopodium recuperado en el poblado pukara El Carmen 1, sector centro-occidental del valle de Santa María, Tucumán (ca. 1200-1450 dC). Para ello se trabajó con una muestra de 310 macrorrestos provenientes de las excavaciones realizadas en el poblado alto (recinto 13, sector VI). El predominio y alta densidad de granos de Chenopodium quinoa Willd. y Chenopodium cf. quinoa Willd. con evidencias de procesamiento en la estructura de combustión, podría corresponder a prácticas de tostado y/o hidratación en el marco de preparaciones culinarias. La ubicación del recinto 13 en el espacio de mayor jerarquía dentro del sitio y su posición centralizada dentro del sector, sugieren la importancia de la quinoa para los habitantes del poblado y llevan a pensar en su rol en el marco de encuentros, ceremonias o eventos rituales en los que el procesamiento y la elaboración de comidas y/o bebidas adquieren importancia.

Is there a necessary connection between law and morality? Elizabeth Anscombe's theory of civil authority provides the basis for a unique intervention into this debate. Her distinction between the rights internal to a practice and the external justification of said practice avoids the traditional objections to both legal positivism and natural law theories.

We find that a corrupt local environment amplifies the effects of financial distress. Following regional spikes in financial misconduct, credit becomes more difficult to obtain for local borrowers—even those not implicated themselves. This is particularly harmful for cash-constrained firms, which cut investment more sharply and lay off more workers during industry downturns. We also find that local clustering of financial misconduct is a risk factor for bankruptcy.

Electoral competition is typically organized around an evolving set of policy issues. Recent Italian politics suggests a revival of two classic dimensions concerning the mode of interaction that defines the very goals of a polity: elitism (whether goals should be defined from the top down or from the bottom up) and pluralism (whether a polity should only accept widely shared common goals or whether multiple, alternative goals may legitimately compete). While these concerns possibly became less relevant in the heydays of the party government model, recent literatures on populism, technocracy, and process preferences reflect renewed interest. We introduce a two-dimensional elitism–pluralism scheme that explicates the spatial arrangement of top-down and bottom-up visions of party government vis-à-vis models of populism and technocracy. To demonstrate the relevance of the two dimensions for party preference, we turn to the case of the 2022 Italian election, which followed a sequence of a populist, a mixed populist-mainstream and a technocratic government. Voter positions from specialized batteries of the Italian National Election Study are contrasted with party positions from an original expert survey. Findings indicate that preferences on elitism and pluralism complement standard dimensions of issue voting. An explorative analysis of comparative data suggests that many countries across Europe have the potential for similar developments. Electoral competition increasingly reflects concerns about its own principles.

Social conventionalism — the position that social conventions governing language use determine or constitute the meanings of our words — has faced two major problems. The first is the Agreement Problem: how could speakers agree to use words in certain ways without already speaking meaningfully? The second is the Novelty Problem: how can conventions fix the meanings of innovative uses of words? David Lewis famously responded to the Agreement Problem but his account flounders on the Novelty Problem. Josh Armstrong emends Lewis’ account to solve the Novelty Problem. I argue that Armstrong's emendation fails and that neither he nor Lewis has an adequate response to the Agreement Problem.

Multicultural Toronto English (MTE) is a register found in Toronto, Canada, associated with racialized youth. The ongoing enregisterment of MTE takes place, in part, through metadiscourse on social media, which disseminates the register to a wider audience. This article examines online metadiscursive engagement with representations of MTE. We consider how audiences take up, receive and recontextualize MTE through metadiscourse across grassroots and institutional media platforms. We argue that audience engagement with pop-cultural representations of language is a critical driving force of enregisterment and register change.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are a major driver of climate change, posing a significant challenge to global ecosystem functions. This challenge is compounded by the potential effects of elevated CO2 on forest pest insects like the eastern spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major mortality agent in Canadian boreal forests. To better understand these impacts, this study investigates how elevated (1000 ppm) and ambient (469 ppm) CO2 concentrations affect budworm development across different life stages. In vitro experiments revealed that budworms exposed to the elevated CO2 concentration exhibited accelerated development, with increased larval weight gain from third to sixth instars, faster pupation and adult emergence, and earlier oviposition compared to those exposed to the ambient condition. However, elevated CO2 concentration led to reduced realised fecundity. These findings highlight the direct impact of elevated CO2 concentrations on budworm biology, with important implications for its role in forest ecosystems under climate change.

Philosophers and psychologists acclaim Edward C. Tolman's “Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men” as an early, transformative instance of representationalist explanation. The article is said to mark a move by Tolman to renounce his behaviorism and to herald a new, cognitivist psychology. I argue, opposingly, that framing the text with reference to later psychology badly distorts its meaning. The text is better understood with respect to the contexts of its age and deeper currents in the history of psychology. Tolman is not upturning behaviorism; he is re-litigating an intramural debate between behaviorists pertaining to the place of physiology in psychology.

Se presenta evidencia arqueofaunística para estudiar indicadores de intensificación y discutir los cambios en el aprovechamiento alimenticio de camélidos de la Puna de Salta, noroeste de Argentina. El registro proviene del sitio Alero Cuevas, ubicado en la cuenca de Pastos Grandes, 4.400 m snm. Este sitio presenta una secuencia larga de ocupación que permite abordar el uso de los recursos animales entre aproximadamente 10.000 y 4000 años aP. Los resultados indican estrategias de aprovechamiento alimenticio que tienden a la intensificación de la explotación de los camélidos hacia los 4000 años aP. En este sentido, la información arqueofaunística presentada es útil para integrarla a la discusión planteada sobre los procesos de intensificación de uso de camélidos propuestos para la puna argentina.

Considering the demographic shift towards an ageing population, the financial threats that arise after retirement and the ongoing debates about extending working life, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the impact of retirement on the health of older individuals. This article presents a systematic review conducted according to the standards established by PRISMA statement CINAHL and APA PsycArticles databases by EBSCOhost, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, for longitudinal studies published between 2013 and 2023. The aim of the review was to synthesise evidence of the effects of retirement on health, for example physical functioning, morbidity or mortality. From 1,757 records, 19 papers were included. Twelve longitudinal studies consistently linked retirement to declining physical function, increased disease prevalence and higher all-cause mortality risk. The evidence did not show a clear conclusion on biomarkers as health outcomes. The article identifies five explanatory mechanisms behind the retirement–health relationship: working conditions, retirement types, financial security, lifestyle changes and social participation. Retirement can have some adverse effects on health; however, the health consequences of withdrawal are likely to vary by pre-retirement factors. These findings carry implications for the current debate of extending working life and the social security system for older people.

U.S. mutual funds in the securities lending market extract information from stock borrowing. Active funds exploit this information, rebalancing away from borrowed stocks whose prices tend to decrease, whereas passive funds do not. Information spillovers within fund families are stronger when the lender is a passive fund and when the family is more cooperative (less competitive). Active funds trade more aggressively on stocks with more negative future returns, suggesting that they are able to identify informed borrowing. Finally, passive funds charge higher lending fees than active funds, consistent with short sellers paying a premium to lower recall risk.

La noétique de Pierre d'Auriol présente une théorie originale de l'intention, en partie fondée sur une relecture de la thèse des deux sujets de l'intellection prônée par Averroès. Auriol pose que l'intention possède deux sujets, mais varie dans le schéma qu'il produit en se confrontant aux difficultés qu'entraîne son affirmation. Cet article propose de tracer la genèse, les développements et les conséquences de cette théorie.

We document firms often determine CEO equity grants based on a predetermined dollar value (value-based equity grant) instead of on the number of shares (share-based grant). Value-based equity grants weaken the relationship between stock performance and CEO equity pay, lower CEO portfolio delta, and slow firms’ investment in R&D. We find that retention pressure is a key reason for the use of value-based equity pay, while governance could also matter. Overall, this paper alerts boards to the unintended consequences of pursuing a target pay level or pay structure because such practices can lead to value-based equity grants in CEO compensation.

Climate change is to a large extent a collective action problem, but many believe that individual action is also required. But what if no individual contribution to climate change is necessary nor sufficient to cause climate change-induced harms? This issue is known as the problem of inconsequentialism. It is particularly problematic for act consequentialism because the theory does not seem to judge such inconsequential contributions negatively. In this paper, we apply Henry Sidgwick's idea of esoteric morality to climate change and assess whether what we call a climate esoteric morality could help to deal with the problem of inconsequentialism from an act consequentialist perspective. Consequentialists ought then to promote what we call nonconsequentialist faux principles; exaggerate existing consequentialist principles that pro tanto forbid contributing to climate change whenever strictly consequentialist principles fail to do so; and refrain from criticising nonconsequentialist principles that forbid contributing to climate change.