Deformed wing virus (DWV), which is an important honey bee virus transmitted by Varroa destructor (V. destructor), causes colony losses in honey bee colonies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of DWV in honey bees in Türkiye and to determine the role of V. destructor in the transmission of the genetic variants of DWV. Honey bee samples were collected from 62 apiaries, by simple random sampling, during March 2022 and April 2023. The presence of V. destructor in collected bee samples was examined using a stereo microscope. Real-time RT-PCR was used for the detection of DWV-A and DWV-B (Varroa destructor virus-1 (VDV-1)) viruses. Genetic characterisation of the positive samples was conducted by sequencing polyprotein genomic region. Considering the V. destructor infestation rate of 3% as relevant, out of the 62 apiaries examined, 17 (27.4%) were positive. However, DWV-A and VDV-1 specific RNA was not detected in V. destructor samples. VDV-1 specific RNA was detected in 6.5% (4/62) of the apiaries, whereas DWV-A was not detected in the sampled apiaries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates detected in this study were located in a separate cluster from previously characterised DWV-A and VDV-1 isolates. According to RDP4 and GARD analyses, DWV-VDV-1 recombination breakpoints were detected in field isolates. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of VDV-1-DWV recombinants in Türkiye. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of VDV-1-DWV recombinants and their virological and antigenic properties.

Employing the concept of “contingent attachment” as its key point, this paper investigates the transformation of residents’ neighbourhood attachment during the redevelopment of a neighbourhood originally established during the Third Front construction period. By framing neighbourhood attachment as contingent, this paper seeks to highlight that the different directions of neighbourhood attachment hinge upon several factors: the entities mobilizing the narrative, the varying treatment of residents across different phases of the relocation, and residents’ perceptions regarding the changes brought about by the relocation process. Special attention within this paper is paid towards the long-term lived experiences of residents since the onset of the Third Front construction to show how these experiences are woven into diverse narratives associated with residents’ neighbourhood attachments.

The measles is a highly contagious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. During and after crises, vaccination against measles decreases in low-income countries, leading to outbreaks. It is possible for developed countries to be at risk from these outbreaks through travel. Low-income countries’ health systems are not resilient to crises. Lack of capacity among these countries causes a decrease in vaccinations. As a result, we provide some recommendations for increasing the resilience of the health system in low-income countries in this letter.

How does the understanding of law among individuals involved in the crypto phenomenon originate, and how does it impact the trajectory of this innovation? This article examines the legal consciousness of crypto industry participants and state actors, exploring their ideologies on law, property and innovation through extensive document and archival research. It highlights the interplay between the crypto industry’s perception of crypto-assets’ possessing dynamic and self-regulating qualities beyond traditional legal boundaries and the increasing willingness of state actors, despite their reservations, to utilise law as a flexible tool to embrace innovation and promote economic competitiveness. By employing Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis, this article contextualises such legal consciousness within the financial system and contends that collective legal consciousness and associated behavioural dynamics substantially shape state–industry interactions, with the potential to destabilise the financial system. This article sheds light on the challenges presented by crypto-assets and the intricate interplay between law and technological advancements.

Whether anorexic patients should be able to refuse treatment when this refusal potentially has a fatal outcome is a vexed topic. A recent proposal for a new category of “terminal anorexia” suggests criteria when a move to palliative care or even physician-assisted suicide might be justified. The author argues that this proposed diagnosis presents a false sense of certainty of the illness trajectory by conceptualizing anorexia in analogy with physical disorders and stressing the effects of starvation. Furthermore, this conceptualization is in conflict with the claim that individuals who meet the diagnostic criteria for terminal anorexia have decision-making capacity. It should therefore be rejected.

We present a simple analytical formalism based on the Lorentz-Scherrer equation and Bernoulli statistics for estimating the fraction of crystallites (and the associated uncertainty parameters) contributing to all finite Bragg peaks of a typical powder pattern obtained from a static polycrystalline sample. We test and validate this formalism using numerical simulations, and show that they can be applied to experiments using monochromatic or polychromatic (pink-beam) radiation. Our results show that enhancing the sampling efficiency of a given powder diffraction experiment for such samples requires optimizing the sum of the multiplicities of reflections included in the pattern along with the wavelength used in acquiring the pattern. Utilizing these equations in planning powder diffraction experiments for sampling efficiency is also discussed.

The threat of GNSS interference poses a great danger to many critical infrastructure systems including air navigation. With a focus on mitigating this threat, this paper proposes a methodology for detecting GNSS interference. The methodology utilises the quality indicator NACp transmitted in ADS-B messages and GPS almanac data for interference detection. The NACp indicator enables estimation of the position error derived from GPS, which is compared with the HDOP value of the GPS satellite constellation. Based on this comparison, the developed detection algorithm determines whether the aircraft is affected by jamming. The detection methodology is evaluated on datasets obtained during deliberate experiments with GPS jamming. The proposed methodology provides a way to detect GNSS interference, facilitating mitigation of its impact on air traffic operation.

Child maltreatment impacts approximately one in seven children in the United States, leading to adverse outcomes throughout life. Adolescence is a time period critical for the development of executive function, but there is little research examining how abuse and neglect may differently affect the developmental trajectories of executive function throughout adolescence and into young adulthood. In the current study, 167 adolescents participated at six time points from ages 14 to 20. At each time point, adolescents completed behavioral tasks measuring the three dimensions of executive function (working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility). Neglect and abuse in early life (ages 1–13) were reported at ages 18–19. Unconditional growth curve models revealed age-related improvement in all three executive function dimensions. Conditional growth curve models tested the prospective effects of recalled neglect and abuse on the developmental trajectories of executive function. The results revealed that neglect was associated with developmental changes in working memory abilities, such that greater levels of neglect during ages 1–13 were associated with slower increases in working memory abilities across ages 14–20. These findings highlight the adverse consequences of early neglect experiences shown by delayed working memory development during adolescence into young adulthood.

Around 55 million people worldwide live with dementia, and more are expected due to population ageing. We aimed to investigate associations between healthy diet and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in 1753 older adults aged 60–64 from the PATH (Personality and Total Health Through Life Cohort) study. Healthy diet was defined by the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) and two dietary guideline quality scores (Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) and Index Diet Quality (IDQ)), which were calculated from baseline FFQ. Higher dietary scores indicated higher diet quality. Incidence of Alzheimer’s disease/vascular dementia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Winbald criteria) was assessed after 12 years of follow-up using validated questionnaires with nominated proxies. Logistic regression explored associations between dietary scores and cognitive function, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors and medical preconditions. Adjusted logistic regression comparing the per unit linear increase in diet scores showed MIND (OR = 0·82, 95 % CI = 0·68, 0·99), but not DGI (0·99 (0·97, 1·00)) or IDQ (1·12 (0·95, 1·32)), was significantly associated with lower odds of developing cognitive impairment. In conclusion, a healthier neuroprotective dietary pattern is associated with better cognitive function over time, whereas dietary patterns generated from general dietary guidelines did not show a significant association. Further research and well-designed clinical studies are needed to determine the effects of the MIND diet on cognitive impairment in older adults without a family history of dementia.

On September 17, 2024, at 15:30 local time, thousands of pagers used by members of a specific party group detonated across Lebanon. As a result of the explosions, 2800 were wounded and 12 lost their lives. Almost two-thirds of the injuries were in the face, eyes, or hands. The Lebanese American University Medical Center received 38 injured and admitted 36 patients, 13 of them to the Intensive care unit. A total of 33 patients needed surgeries. All medical and nursing staff were deployed. The health care workers faced major challenges that night: the severity of the injuries and the unprecedented types of injuries with the same pattern, and the urgent need for ophthalmology and orthopedics within the hospital and across the country. Learning from the Pager Explosion, each hospital should perform assessments of their disaster response plan, develop trainings, and conduct regular exercises in preparation for future disasters.

There are numerous challenges for pet owners in developing countries before, during, and after disasters, comprising poor communication between pet owners and veterinarians for periodic pet check-ups, lack of necessary equipment, lack of proper disaster evacuation training, and a proper shelter to be considered for pets during periods of disasters. In the present letter, a variety of measures and recommendations have been provided, which can be kept in mind throughout the entire disaster management cycle to prevent pet loss.

Previous literature suggests that in masculinized domains, a stereotypical portrayal of women has a negative impact on society’s perception of them. However, the influence of media representation on people’s perceptions of athletes depending on their gender, as well as its possible consequences for both men and women, remains unexplored in the sports sphere. Through two experimental studies employing a scenario methodology, we aimed to address this gap in the literature: In Study 1 (N = 190), we tested the influence of the media’s representation (focused on the professional field vs. extraprofessional field) and the athlete’s gender (man vs. woman) on perceptions, and in Study 2 (N = 625), we examined the effect of gender for an athlete receiving media coverage focused on the extraprofessional field. Study 1’s results showed that when media representation was based on the professional (vs. extraprofessional) field, participants perceived the news as more credible, believed that the media valued the athlete’s capacity to a greater extent, and attributed more merit to the athlete. Moreover, Study 2, focused on an extraprofessional field, indicated that when a man athlete (vs. woman athlete) was portrayed, participants were more likely to consider the news content accurate, which, in turn, was associated with a higher attribution of competence to the athlete and a higher intention to consume sports media in the future. The study will hopefully help reduce beliefs about existing stereotypes as well as discrimination against women, whether in sports or in any other field (e.g., professionally or in education).

Twins lag behind singletons in their early psychomotor development, but little is known about how chorionicity affects this difference. We compared early psychomotor development in singletons, monochorionic (MC) twins and dichorionic (DC) twins. Our longitudinal data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS; see Appendix) included 98,042 singletons, 577 MC twins and 1051 DC twins representing the general Japanese population. Chorionicity was evaluated by ultrasound images and complemented by postnatal pathological examinations. Five domains of psychomotor development were evaluated at 6 time points from 6 months to 3 years of age using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3). The data were analyzed using linear regression models. Twins lagged behind singletons in all areas of psychomotor development during infancy. This gap decreased over time but was still noticeable at 3 years of age. More than half of this difference was attributed to twins having lower birth weight and being born earlier in gestation. MC twins showed slightly delayed development compared to DC twins, but this difference was minor compared to the overall gap between twins and singletons. Twins delay singletons in their early psychomotor development, and this delay is not specific to MC twinning.