This article examines the little-known experiences of children born of Chinese mothers and Japanese fathers who had consensual relationships during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War in China, with a specific focus on those who migrated to Japan after 1972. To understand how and why they—in their own words—“returned” to their “homeland,” this article analyzes historical circumstances as well as Sino-Japanese children’s experiences, identities, and belonging in comparison with other groups of “children born of war” in different historical and geopolitical settings. Their long-neglected stories point to a missing part in narratives of the 8-year war.

We study mixed identities for oligomorphic automorphism groups of countable relational structures. Our main result gives sufficient conditions for such a group to not admit a mixed identity without particular constants. We study numerous examples and prove in many cases that there cannot be a non-singular mixed identity.

This paper investigates the dynamic effects of environmental and fiscal policy shocks in a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model featuring price and wage rigidity and a polluting intermediate goods sector. I compare carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems under abatement cost and government spending shocks, considering three revenue-recycling schemes: lump-sum transfers, labor tax cuts, and consumption tax cuts. Abatement cost shocks reduce output and consumption, with stronger effects under cap-and-trade due to rising permit prices. These effects are mitigated when revenues are used to reduce distortionary taxes, especially consumption taxes. Government spending shocks stimulate output and labor, particularly under lump-sum financing, but their expansionary effects are dampened under cap-and-trade. Nominal rigidities amplify these dynamics. The findings support the double dividend hypothesis and highlight the importance of fiscal design and policy coordination. Carbon taxes, combined with targeted tax reductions, offer superior macroeconomic stabilization in the face of environmental and fiscal shocks.

This article explores the interplay between the individual and the collective in The Blind Owl and illustrates how a distinctive historical perspective emerges from its complex allegorical form. A close reading of the novel reveals how the text superimposes biographical and cultural pasts through the juxtaposition of sexual fetishism and nostalgia, presenting both as symptoms of a fraught relationship with one’s infantile and cultural histories. The article reads The Blind Owl as a satirical critique of a figure whose conflicting desires to commemorate and forget the past drive a series of fetishistic behaviors, culminating in failure. Ultimately, the novel offers a cynical reflection on the nationalist nostalgia cultivated by traditionalist intelligentsia within the peripheral modernity of early twentieth-century Iran.

Past research suggests that novel word learning is facilitated by multimodal contexts, which enrich semantic representations and strengthen memory traces. We explored whether environmental sounds (e.g., a creaking door) facilitate foreign language (FL) word learning. In all, 36 Spanish-speaking natives learned 60 written Spanish–FL word pairs, each accompanied by one of three sound conditions: a congruent sound matching the word pairs’ denotation, a meaningless tone or silence. Participants then completed a semantic priming and lexical decision task where reaction times and accuracy were collected. Performance was similar for congruent sound and tone conditions and, compared to silence, showed lower accuracy in the lexical decision task and a marginal benefit in the semantic task. These findings suggest that environmental sounds can influence learning, with varying effects depending on the task. Results are discussed in terms of current language learning models.

Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a leguminous shrub native to western Europe, voluntarily introduced into Uruguay for ornamental purposes. It is considered among the 100 most problematic invasive species in the world. In Uruguay, it seriously affects both livestock and forestry systems. We evaluated different weed management techniques on a cattle farm invaded by U. europaeus, in the region of Lavalleja. In spring 2020, three treatments were applied—cutting only (C); cutting and grazing (CG); and cutting, applying herbicide, and grazing (CHG)—to 18 plots ranging from 25 m2 to 50 m2. Following treatment, U. europaeus regrowth and the height and the perimeter of five plants per plot, as well as seedling recruitment, were assessed over 16 mo. The livestock were cattle (Bos sp.) and sheep (Ovis sp.). The CHG treatment was the most effective in inhibiting the regrowth of U. europaeus, while grazed plants grew less in height compared with those excluded from grazing (CG = 62.3 cm ± 1.9, C = 84.8 cm ± 2.0, P < 0.05). However, by the end of the study, seedling recruitment was lower in the C treatment (C = 0.3 ± 0.3, CG = 3.1 ± 1.8, CHG = 8.6 ± 4.6 seedlings m−2, P < 0.05), where increased height of herbaceous vegetation may have reduced the success of the emergence and establishment of regenerants. These results encourage further long-term study of this invasive species’ response, as well as an evaluation of the potential impacts of these control measures on non-target species.

Existing research often interprets the limited impact of candidate gender on vote choice as evidence of minimal gender bias in politics. However, this overlooks the dual role of candidate gender, as both a heuristic for substantive representation and a trigger for sexism in voter decision-making. These competing mechanisms can diminish the effects of each other, obscuring the true influence of gender bias in electoral behavior. Using conjoint experiments in South Korea, a context where gender issues are highly politicized and sexism remains widespread, we examine how candidate gender affects voter evaluations in low- and high-information environments. Our findings reveal that in low-information settings, candidate gender serves as a cue for substantive representation, leading to co-sex voting among women, while simultaneously activating hostile sexism among male voters, reducing support for female candidates. In high-information settings, explicit candidate policy positions diminish the reliance on gender cues but do not eliminate gender bias. Instead, sexism manifests through opposition to gender-equity policies rather than direct discrimination against female candidates. These results suggest that information environments shape the expression of gender bias, rather than eliminating it, offering a more nuanced understanding of the conditions under which candidate gender influences electoral preferences.

An observational pilot in walk-in clinics assessed workflow impacts of personal protective equipment (PPE) use for COVID-19 cases. PPE added time, waste, and cost despite a low incidence period of illness. Limited supporting data for contact transmission and operational barriers suggest ambulatory PPE guidance for COVID-19 warrants modification.

During the 1970s and 1980s, over 30,000 people in the UK were infected with HIV and/or hepatitis C because of treatment with blood and blood products for conditions such as haemophilia or through blood transfusion. We used the social harms perspective to understand the experiences of those affected. We conducted in-depth interviews with 41 infected people and 11 family members and analysed the data according to five dimensions of social harm: physical harms, psychological harms, cultural harms, economic harms, and harms of misrecognition. We found that people were harmed by the medical system, the social context that perpetuated stigma and shame against them, and successive governments being largely unwilling to address the many health, social, and economic impacts of infection on families. What stood out were the many reports of harms of misrecognition, which were often experienced as more irreconcilable than the circumstances of infection itself. They were also harms that have been largely ignored.

While patient safety encompasses a broad field of work, much of the research focuses on physical harm and medical error. The social harms lens can provide important insights into patient safety incidents as it can help explain the complexity of the different dimensions of harm that individuals and their families experience.

Philosophical practice has emerged as a transformative discipline that bridges theoretical inquiry and everyday life. Originating in the late 20th century, the field integrates counselling, therapy, and other practical applications of philosophical insights to address existential and pragmatic challenges faced by individuals, groups, and organizations in contemporary society. This article examines the definition, historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and methodologies of philosophical practice, while discussing prospects for professionalization — including certification, ethical guidelines, and integration within healthcare and education systems. Ultimately, this study underscores the potential of philosophical practice to revitalize the relevance of philosophy, foster personal growth, and enhance societal well-being.

Previous research on biomarkers of individual differences in sensitivity to caregiving contexts has largely focused on children’s parasympathetic activity, commonly indexed by RSA. Recent work, however, suggests that the parent–child dyadic RSA concordance may also provide important insight into heterogeneity in the links between parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment outcomes. This study is among the first to characterize dyadic patterns of RSA concordance between behaviorally inhibited children aged 3.5 to 5 years old (54% female, 47% White) and their caregivers (n = 107 dyads) across tasks designed to mimic children’s exposure to novel social interactions while parents observed their children navigating these tasks. Furthermore, we examined dyadic RSA concordance as a potential moderator of the associations between nurturing and intrusive parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment problems, as reported by teachers and parents. We found that a more positive concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated similar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks) protected against teacher-reported internalizing problems in the context of low parental nurturance. A negative concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated dissimilar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks), however, exacerbated the risk for parents’ reports of children’s externalizing behaviors in the context of high parental intrusion.

While literature on English modality has usually focused on traditional modal and semi-modal verbs, to our knowledge, no attention has ever been given to the emerging be having to (BHT) construction. Through corpus analysis conducted on GloWbE, ICE, BNC and CLMET, this article investigates the semantic differences between have to and BHT that make them distinct in the English constructicon. We demonstrate that BHT conveys meanings of contingency, reluctance and inchoativity, and propose that its recent emergence may stem from a specific functional gap within the English modal system. While have to appears to be gradually grammaticalizing with future-oriented functions, BHT seems to be renewing the original (and less grammaticalized) dynamic functions of have to. Finally, we explore the productivity of the construction across different English varieties and the reasons for its lower frequency in postcolonial varieties. The hypothesis of negative retentionism proposes that a feature that was absent in the lexifier language at the time of contact may indeed be found to be less frequently used in the contact variety at a later stage due to colonial lag.

Surveys continue to be the most common research tool in American politics. Yet, there are normative, ontological, and conceptual concerns that render these techniques incomplete, especially when deployed in the study of marginalized people. This article argues that survey research is limited mainly in the study of race, gender, sexuality, and class because it fails to capture the intricacies of political life. Furthermore, the general exclusion of marginalized voices in survey research represents a major concern for the veracity of our findings. In response, I suggest three recommendations to help political scientists extend survey methods and tell more comprehensive stories about the political experiences and attitudes of marginalized people. I contend that political science departments must make qualitative methods required training for graduate students; political scientists must engage in feminist methodologies in building their research agendas; and researchers studying marginalized people must engage in multimethodological research approaches that provide context and detail about the lived experiences of vulnerable people.

This paper is based on the Lanchester Lecture of the Royal Aeronautical Society held in London, UK, in October 2023. The lecture discussed the advances in computational modeling of separated flows in aerospace applications since Elsenaar’s Lanchester Lecture in 2000. Elsenaar’s efforts focused on assumptions primarily associated with separation for steady inflow and a static (non-moving) vehicle or component. Since that time, significant advancements in computational hardware, coupled with substantial investments in the development of algorithms and solvers, have led to important breakthroughs in the field. In particular, computational aerodynamics techniques are currently applied to complex aerospace problems that include unsteady or dynamic considerations, such as dynamic stall and gusts, which are discussed. A perspective of the technology developed over the past quarter-century, highlighting their importance to computational aerodynamics is discussed. Finally, the potential of future areas of development, such as machine learning, that may be exploited for the next generation of computational aerodynamics applications is explored.

Why are populist radical-right party activists intensely motivated to become involved in their party? These activists combine disaffection with politics, anxiety and the emotion dynamic known as ressentiment on the one hand, with high-intensity, low-reward political activism and a sense of long-term political efficacy on the other hand. This article contributes to a better understanding of the expressive, emotional and identity-based incentives behind party activism. It proposes a Spiral of Ressentiment model. In this model, individuals’ complex emotions of ressentiment are transformed into collective ressentiment through relationships within the party. The party relieves this ressentiment by providing a sense of belonging and hope for the future, but party messages and stigmatization then reignite ressentimentful feelings. This study uncovers the feedback loop through which populist radical-right parties both alleviate and encourage ressentiment emotions by analysing 50 in-depth interviews with Vlaams Belang local activists and party representatives.

Asymptotic properties of random graph sequences, like the occurrence of a giant component or full connectivity in Erdös–Rényi graphs, are usually derived with very specific choices for the defining parameters. The question arises as to what extent those parameter choices may be perturbed without losing the asymptotic property. For two sequences of graph distributions, asymptotic equivalence (convergence in total variation) and contiguity have been considered by Janson (2010) and others; here we use so-called remote contiguity to show that connectivity properties are preserved in more heavily perturbed Erdös–Rényi graphs. The techniques we demonstrate here with random graphs also extend to general asymptotic properties, e.g. in more complex large-graph limits, scaling limits, large-sample limits, etc.

The right to equality in South African law gives rise to duties borne by both the state and private actors. In the law of succession, this constrains private testators’ powers to discriminate. Doctrinal developments bear this out: in King v De Jager and Wilkinson v Crawford, a majority of the Constitutional Court extended the reach of anti-discrimination duties to private testamentary decisions. I evaluate these judgments through two lenses: a normative lens that focuses on the principled underpinnings of the Court’s approach to substantive equality, autonomy and the public / private divide; and an adjudicative lens that surveys how these duties should be given effect to avoid proliferating parallelism. I argue that the judgments are welcome and confirm that the private sphere is not insulated from demands of equality, but they nevertheless neglect the importance of both equality legislation and a harmonized approach to adjudicating the anti-discrimination duty’s reach into common law.

The first precise, biostratigraphically bracketed U-Pb dates on the middle Middle Cambrian come from the Rte. 111 ash (new) in the lower Manuels River Formation of southern New Brunswick. Manuels River black mudstone (Avalonian depositional sequence [Ads] 8) unconformably overlies Fossil Brook Member greenish mudstone (Ads 7) of the Chamberlain’s Brook Formation, and the two units should not be combined into a ‘Forest Hills Formation’ (abandoned). This unconformity marks the trans-Avalonian (i.e., Rhode Island–Belgium) green–black boundary and onset of ca. 26 Ma of dysoxic/anoxic marine deposition. Trilobites and agnostids correlate the surprisingly endemic, upper Paradoxides abenacus Zone and Rte. 111 ash into the Hypagnostus parvifrons Zone (Drumian) in Avalonian Wales, Baltic upper ‘Acidusus’ atavus Zone and upper Mawddachites hicksii–lower Paradoxides davidis zones of Avalonian Newfoundland and Britain. The Manuels River Formation in SE Newfoundland and coeval Nant-y-big Formation in South Wales have not yielded ash dates. However, our U-Pb zircon analyses of the Rte. 111 ash in the lower Manuels River in southern New Brunswick yield statistically identical ages of 501.44 ± 0.10 and 501.45 ± 0.08 Ma. The Ads 7–8 unconformity is locally 6–10 m lower in New Brunswick and is somewhat older. Our ages for the Rte. 111 ash show the lower Drumian is significantly younger than previous estimates, is ca. 4.9 Ma younger than the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary, and debunks claims of a continuous Lower–Middle Cambrian succession in Avalonian New Brunswick where a ca. 7 Ma hiatus is present.