Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) medications are changing consumers’ appetites. Little is known about how GLP-1 use is associated with U.S. meal location choices and protein preferences. Using meal reporting from a consumer survey and a random parameters logit model, we examine associations between GLP-1 use, duration of use, meal location choices, and protein preferences. Results indicate that GLP-1 users differ substantially from non-users in their outlet choices, meal skipping rates, and certain protein preferences. These differences are most prominent among shorter-term users. Our findings highlight notable patronage patterns associated with GLP-1 use, with implications for food retailers and opportunities for foodservice.

In response to New South Wales’ target of eliminating Food Organics and Garden Organics (FOGO) waste to landfill by 2,050, this study investigates how environmental education shapes residents’ awareness and waste-sorting behaviours in multi-unit dwellings (MUDs) across Greater Western Sydney. Adopting an exploratory mixed-methods approach – integrating surveys, bin audits, interviews, and infrastructure assessments – the research reveals persistent knowledge gaps and structural constraints, particularly among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) households. Guided by the Action Competence Framework (ACF), the findings underscore that effective FOGO participation is not driven by infrastructure alone. Rather, it depends on inclusive, participatory, and culturally responsive education that fosters understanding, builds confidence, and strengthens a sense of shared responsibility. Intergenerational learning emerges as a critical pathway, where everyday household interactions enable behavioural shifts and help reduce contamination at the source. While limited by a small sample size (n = 33) and its exploratory scope, the study makes a meaningful contribution to environmental education scholarship by extending the application of the ACF to informal residential settings. It also offers practical insights for local governments, highlighting the need to embed community-based learning strategies that can drive sustained engagement and support long-term sustainability outcomes in high-density urban environments.

This article examines the multispecies–algorithmic audiovisual installation Astrofin, focusing on the relational structures between multispecies behaviour, algorithmic systems and audiovisual generation. Drawing on theories of intermediality and intermedial interference, it proposes the concept of ‘conflict mechanisms’ to describe misalignments, temporal displacements and shifting intermedial relations within multispecies-algorithmic systems. Rather than understanding media relations through balance and coherence, the article argues that instability and ongoing relational displacement constitute conditions of audiovisual generation. The analysis develops through three dimensions. At the translational level, fish behaviour is transformed into behavioural data and distributed across parallel pathways of sound, image and spatial generation. While sharing the same behavioural data, different generative pathways unfold asynchronously, producing shifting intermedial relations. At the perceptual level, sound and image remain connected while repeatedly separating and recombining, rendering audiovisual synchrony and causal relations unstable. At the level of agency, agency cannot be stably attributed to animals, algorithms, or system structures, as it continuously circulates across different generative conditions. The article further considers the ethical implications of multispecies participation. Astrofin avoids treating animal behaviour as symbolic representation or a carrier of meaning, instead focusing on how multispecies relations are mediated through algorithmic and audiovisual structures.

The US role in global agricultural markets shifts with competition, trade issues, and conflict. This study examines the impact of US Department of Agriculture (USDA) ending stocks projections on corn and soybean futures prices. Using an event study framework and futures price data, we find that unexpected changes in US ending stocks drive price responses while world ending stocks do not. Our results suggest markets treat USDA as the more credible source for domestic supply information but not for global aggregates. For hedgers and policymakers, knowing which information moves prices is essential to managing risk and allocating data collection resources.

While Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) are increasingly investigated for technical viability, discussion of their broader societal implications remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a multidisciplinary co-design workshop centred on a self-healing biomineralised bacterial cellulose (BMBC). Twenty participants from biodesign, bio-nanoscience, materials science, and engineering worked in six groups through a three-phase process: 1) generating application concepts, 2) designing how self-healing would unfold and be experienced, and 3) reflecting on ecological, social, economic, and future implications. Workshop outcomes and discussions were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants framed self-healing not merely as functional repair but as temporal, expressive, and relational transformation, emphasizing personalisation, regeneration, trust, and systemic embedding. The study demonstrates how early, material-led design exploration can surface societal dimensions before technical pathways stabilise. We argue that multidisciplinary co-design supports more responsible ELM development by revealing how such materials may function, be interpreted, and acquire meaning in everyday contexts.

This article demonstrates the profound shaping influence of the First World War on the post-war lives and ministries of Australian Anglican Army chaplains. Through their use of the Anglican liturgy and their leadership of Anzac commemoration, returned Anglican chaplains offered means of consolation and hope to grieving Australians. They also addressed the need of many Australian veterans to make sense of their war experience as meaningful and sacred. In doing so, returned chaplains created the rituals, symbols and liturgy that would give enduring voice and shape to an emerging Australian civil religion. Veteran chaplains also founded religious brotherhoods; forged institutions, ministries and advocacy aimed towards the working class and men; and offered a corporate vision of society that sought to break the impasse between labour and capital, and contend with post-war claims of fascism, communism and capitalism. In turn, this article contends that the war’s aftermath represents a moment in Australian history when the Anglican Church focused on what it meant to be a nation, and the goals and aspirations worthy of national energy and enthusiasm. Returned Anglican chaplains were able, and had earned the right, to speak about such matters.

This article brings a critical feminist phenomenological lens to a central pillar of the international humanitarian law regime – the proportionality rule – and reflects on how the narrow, masculine orientation of the norm fails to accommodate women’s experiences of incidental mental harm. While women disproportionately experience double the rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in response to trauma events than do men, the proportionality rule does not expressly include mental harm within its ambit, exposing the rule to conservative interpretation and exclusionary applications for gendered mental harm. Some interpretations of the temporal constraints of the rule (concerned with the legality of single strikes, absent their latent, reverberating effects) reflect a dominant event-based legal model at odds with women’s experiences of mental harm that are protracted, cumulative and repercussive. Studies reveal women’s fear as a product of constructions of masculinity and femininity, structural inequity, and fear conditioning. This article offers a reparative response through a gendered and temporal alignment of the principle of proportionality with women’s experiences of mental harm in armed attacks.

During World War II, the Japanese Kwantung Army’s Unit 731 secretly conducted large-scale, inhumane, and unethical human experimentation in China, culminating in one of the most heinous medical atrocities, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in the Asia-Pacific theatre of the war. Despite the gravity of the subject matter and its historical significance, research on Unit 731 has, for a long time, been rather limited, but has gradually increased in recent decades. In this article, we identify several important characteristics and trends in research activities related to Unit 731, with a view to providing a general overview of the existing scholarship and to providing recommendations for future research.

From the 1950s to the 1970s, academic research started to accumulate. The second stage was one of rapid development from the 1980s to the 1990s. During this period, research efforts in Japan had a far-reaching influence and began to spread to China, Europe, and the U.S. Scholars from scientific, medical, and educational communities began participating in Unit 731 research successively. The third stage of multi-dimensional development began at the onset of the twenty-first century. Research expanded into comparative inquiries of Japanese medical atrocities and their Nazi counterpart; at the same time, research on many topics in diverse disciplines was also deepened and intensified. In addition to focusing on pragmatic issues such as reflections and actions of modern society and reconciliation, researchers have also been concerned with historical writing and collective memory.

Voicing contrast is a difficult feature for Chinese-English emergent bilingual learners of L3 Spanish. Adopting a time-series approach, this study investigates developmental trajectories of L3 Spanish voiced and voiceless VOT integrating the dynamic roles of language aptitude components.To trace their developmental paths, thirty classroom learners of L3Spanish in China produced VOT samples in a wordlist reading task five times during a five-month period. Language aptitude indicators were integrated in mixed effect models. Results showed improvement on voiced stop VOT accuracy as proficiency increases, with significant individual differences in developmental paths. Statistical analysis revealed a facilitative effect of phonetic coding ability on pronunciation accuracy and an effect of sequence recognition ability in more advanced stages of learning.This study contributes to a dynamic view of voicing contrast development in multilinguals, highlighting the differential role of explicit and implicit language aptitude in distinct stages of segment pronunciation development.

Scholars, journalists, and educational professionals have called for renewed efforts to make American civics coursework more relatable to students. Relatable coursework should spur students’ sense that the material is relevant to them and yield greater gains in key learning outcomes—namely, increased internal political efficacy. We developed a series of “regular people” profiles that were used to introduce weekly topics in an introductory college-level American Government course. Each profile highlighted the role of an outsider or a behind-the-scenes actor, drawn from disproportionately young and historically marginalized backgrounds, who has made or is making an impact on American politics. We find that students who received the regular people lessons were significantly more likely to rate the course material as personally relevant. Moreover, they exhibited significantly greater growth in internal political efficacy—that is, the feeling that they have the knowledge and skills to make a difference in the political process—during the semester.

Most research on mycelium-based composites (MBC) focuses on the growth and properties of pure mycelium materials (PMM), engineered living materials (ELM), and biofoams. Using the basic method patented by Chris Maurer and team for MycoHAB, which we call high-compression mycofabrication (HCM), we turn spent mushroom substrate into mycobricks to understand and improve their material properties towards structural building. Compressive tests of HCM coupons of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) fabricated at 20-tons and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster) fabricated at 20-tons and 30-tons of force reveal that oyster outperforms reishi in compressive stress, reversing what is commonly known about these species when tested as biofoams or PMMs. Whereas Maurer has achieved 26 MPa with reishi, our median for oyster at 20-tons is 34.95 MPa and at 30-tons is 46.1 MPa measured at ∼70% deformation levels, comparable to values accepted for medium and high strength concrete (but at much lower deformations). Furthermore, for oyster HCM it appears that higher compression during fabrication produces higher compressive stress results during testing, even possibly strain hardening behavior.

Internal and external validity are key criteria for evaluating the quality and usefulness of research on second language acquisition (SLA). Although considerable attention is given to internal validity, external validity—the extent to which findings can be generalized beyond the specific study conditions—may be neglected during peer review and subsequent interpretations of findings. This editorial argues that a lack of attention paid to external validity reduces the interpretability and responsible use of SLA research through overgeneralization and misinterpretation of results. Current initiatives aimed at improving generalizability, including replication, meta-analysis, and multisite studies, are discussed, and a framework for evaluating external validity is proposed. The editorial concludes by calling for more transparent reporting practices and more cautious interpretation of research findings, with the aim of promoting accurate interpretation, replication, and theoretically motivated follow-up research in SLA.