The present three-wave longitudinal study tested two transdiagnostic mediators – anger and racism-related vigilance – of the link between racism and internalizing and externalizing problems. At Wave 1, the sample included 344 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years; 51.7% male, 45.9% female; 2.3% non-binary) residing in the Midwestern United States. Data across the three waves were collected from April 2021 through October 2024. The study examined how both direct and vicarious racism were related to internalizing and externalizing problems over time. Results from latent growth curve mediation analyses indicated that outward anger expression was a significant mediator; both direct and vicarious racism at Wave 1 were significantly associated with higher levels of anger at Wave 2, which in turn, were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems at Wave 3. Racism-related vigilance was a significant mediator of the association between vicarious racism and internalizing problems only, according to results from post hoc sensitivity analyses. Implications for future theory, research, and clinical practice are discussed to help mitigate the effects of racism in new migration contexts for this vulnerable population.

Scholars have proposed integrating deliberative democracy processes and new technologies within party structures to address the legitimacy crisis of political parties. However, for established political groups, this is not an easy road to take. The paper delves into these issues by presenting the case study of Agorà Democratiche within the Italian Democratic Party (PD), the major center-left party in Italy. Agorà aimed to engage party members and like-minded citizens in shaping the party’s agenda through deliberative assemblies. This adoption by Agorà introduced a new form of political participation that led thousands of citizens to voice their opinions. However, it encountered several challenges. The paper argues that democratic innovations do not always yield the desired outcomes for political parties. Participatory and deliberative processes might be hard to implement in established political groups that are accustomed to old political schemas. More specifically, I pinpoint four main obstacles encountered by Agorà Democratiche: the ‘culture of verticality’ within the party, an unfavorable external context, the lack of institutionalization of the programme, and the ambiguous role played by technology. If not handled carefully, new technologies and deliberative processes can worsen the existing crisis within political parties by falling short of expectations and further undermining the organization’s credibility.

This study introduces a mission-centric design optimisation framework for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance mission performance across diverse operational scenarios. The proposed framework integrates multidisciplinary design optimisation with a wargaming-based simulation environment and leverages deep neural network-based surrogate models to balance key performance metrics, such as aerodynamic efficiency, radar cross section, structural weight and payload capacity. By incorporating automated task assignment, path planning and a probabilistic combat model, the framework evaluates UAV configurations in multi-domain, multi-asset scenarios. The algorithm identifies optimal solutions that maximise mission success while managing trade-offs among survivability, lethality and cost. Simulation results illustrate the framework’s functionality through representative mission scenarios, highlighting how design variables can influence operational effectiveness relative to baseline configurations. Furthermore, the modular design approach enables rapid UAV reconfiguration for evolving mission needs, offering scalable and adaptable solutions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating mission simulation tools with advanced optimisation techniques to address challenges in dynamic, high-threat environments, providing a robust methodology for UAV and fleet design.

On the Dual View, absolute and comparative welfare provide moral reasons to make individuals well off and better off. Given that dual reason-giving force, what reason does welfare provide overall? I explore two approaches. The Collective Approach first aggregates the absolute and comparative reasons separately before combining them at the collective level. However, it implies that, if an individual gains or loses enough welfare, we have reasons to create an unhappy rather than another happy individual. The Individual Approach combines the absolute and comparative reasons for each individual before aggregating across all individuals. It avoids the objection if comparative reasons mitigate but don’t outweigh absolute reasons. That, however, implies hypersensitivity and contradicts the prioritarian idea. We could also restrict comparative reasons, but only on pain of effectively abandoning the Dual View. Or we accept one half of the objection and adopt an asymmetry for comparative welfare to avoid the other half.

Studies on authorship in archaeology have revealed inequalities that influence interpretations of archaeological narratives. Like other countries with rich archaeological heritage, Guatemala has drawn a diverse pool of researchers for decades, owing to its renowned Maya heritage. This study examines how gender and nationality shape knowledge production in Guatemalan archaeology. We analyze publication trends in Guatemala’s most prominent publication venue, the memoirs of the annual archaeology symposium, and two international journals: Latin American Antiquity and Estudios de Cultura Maya. We also incorporate alumni data from Guatemalan universities and responses from an exploratory survey of 103 local archaeologists regarding occupations, identities, and perceptions of inequalities. Our study reveals that although Guatemalan archaeology has been characterized by relative gender parity, the dissemination of academic knowledge has been predominantly led by men, even during periods when there have been more female professional archaeologists. These disparities likely stem from several factors, including occupational variations, traditional gender-role expectations, and institutional barriers. While men have traditionally led the dissemination of academic knowledge, women have achieved leadership in other domains. This study highlights the current state of diversity in Guatemalan archaeology and serves as a first step toward building a more inclusive archaeological community.

Non-profits require highly motivated and professional employees to fulfill their potential to contribute to community development and well-being. But what motivates jobseekers to seek employment in non-profits over governmental organizations, and what makes non-profits more attractive than governmental organizations? Leveraging positive religious and spiritual development and self-determination theories, we theorize that spiritual and religious individuals are more likely to prefer working for non-profits over governmental organizations. This preference occurs because religious and spiritual individuals have stronger traits of self-sacrifice and compassion that motivate them to take a job that offers more non-material incentives than material incentives, leading to a preference for non-profits over governmental organizations. The serial mediation model identifies how compassion and self-sacrifice mediate the effects of spiritual intelligence and religiosity on job motivation; while job motivation mediates the effect of self-sacrifice and compassion on career preference and sector attractiveness. We validate our serial mediation-based conceptual framework based on responses from 306 job seekers in India. The results support our hypotheses, where individuals high on spirituality and religiosity prefer working in non-profits over governmental sector, owing to higher compassion, and self-sacrificing tendencies.

Feminist and gender-focused archaeology have advanced our field, but this research is marginalized rather than integrated into broader analyses of societies. To address this situation, I analyzed publication content and related equity issues. I reviewed major archaeology journals to see how participation in and citation of household archaeology changed from 1990 to 2019. Since 2000, interest in gender has held steady, with about half of household archaeology articles mentioning gender, women, or children. Gender is most prevalent in historical archaeology. Meanwhile, feminism is rarely mentioned. When women publish on household archaeology, their work is as highly cited as men’s. In terms of citation counts, neither men nor women are punished for focusing on gender. I hope these data encourage archaeologists to submit articles addressing gender to high-impact journals. To more fully integrate gender into our field, US-based archaeologists could address underrepresentation of women authors in journals, reluctance to engage with politics and activism, privileging of quantitative data, academic hiring, and strategic uses of different kinds of journals.

Scholars are increasingly interrogating distinctions between ‘war time’ and ‘peace time’, but what happens when time itself becomes a weapon of war or, even, a model of conflict response. Focusing on the case study of the first armed UN mission, the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to Sinai and the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis, I examine the mission’s attempt to replace the Israeli invasion and establish an open-ended international administration on the Gaza Strip. Using archival documents and photographs, this paper explores how UN operations in Palestine shaped temporal assumptions about the population and the conflict. I argue that the Suez Crisis ruptured an UN-managed temporal paralysis on the Gaza Strip which opened up opportunities for new futures in Gaza, as well as anxiety to return to controlled paralysis. Examining both Palestinian and international reactions to the UN occupation, I show how the ‘Gaza exception’ policy transformed international perceptions of the region – its past, present, and future. Thus, by focusing on the moment of the brief UN occupation, I argue that this international intervention shifted global perceptions of the strip from a ‘frozen’ site of past conflict into a space of unfinished ownership and future potentiality.

This article explores the multidimensional issue of drug policy in Turkey during the interwar era and its intersection with economic policy, public health concerns, and psychiatric discourse. As one of the world’s leading producers of opium, Turkey resisted international opium control conventions until the 1930s, viewing them as a means of Western economic domination. Parallel to this, domestic public debates increasingly framed addiction in medical terms, through the lenses of eugenics, nationalism, and racialized rhetoric. The article highlights the pivotal role of the psychiatrist Mazhar Osman in shaping these discourses, particularly through his reports to the League of Nations. In these reports, Osman portrayed addiction as a symptom of moral decay and presented Turkey’s repressive minority policies as a success in combatting the illegal drug trade. Drawing on archival materials, including government documents, medical literature, and contemporary newspapers, this study argues that Turkey’s opposition to international drug conventions was rooted not only in economic self-interest, but also in broader struggles over national sovereignty, modernity and the racialized construction of addiction as a social threat.

Tropical dry forests (TDFs), which comprise 40% of tropical forests and are most widespread in the Neotropics, remain under-researched. TDFs support high biodiversity and are inhabited by many Indigenous communities, making their degradation a critical socio-environmental problem, yet local drivers of deforestation are overlooked. Mexico holds the largest extent of TDFs, yet these ecosystems face high levels of disturbance and limited protection. This study models the impacts of global environmental change on a TDF in southern Mexico, focusing on land-cover dynamics, biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people. We applied spatially explicit land-cover modelling under three long-term scenarios (Optimistic, Business as Usual and Pessimistic) based on varying rates of change, climate and socioeconomic conditions. Drivers were dynamically updated to reflect plausible trajectories. By overlaying land cover with species distribution data, we identified farming expansion as the primary threat to 35 endemic vertebrate species, 27 of which face a high risk of extinction. This biodiversity loss compromises ecosystem functioning and weakens the resilience of local communities. We recommend integrating conservation with Indigenous participation in sustainable land-use practices, aligned with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to halt species extinction and conserve ecosystems.

This article introduces the concept of valorization to theorize how voluntary social welfare organizations foster social inclusion for marginalized individuals. Departing from dominant frameworks that view volunteering primarily as a pathway to labor market integration, the study conceptualizes inclusion as a dialectical process of valorization—co-constructed through sustained interaction between volunteers and enabling organizational settings. Based on qualitative interviews with 13 marginalized volunteers and three organizational leaders in Danish voluntary social welfare organizations, the analysis identifies three interrelated phases of the valorization process: (1) the discovery of informal, biographically rooted competencies, (2) the reinforcement of self-efficacy through organizational validation, and (3) the internalization of new narratives of self-worth. Rather than facilitating capital accumulation, these organizations enable recognition of informal resources often overlooked in formal institutions.

The Curaco Batholith, located in Northern Patagonia (Argentina), is a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic composite intrusive body comprising monzogranites, granodiorites, diorites, granite porphyry, muscovite-bearing leucogranites, mylonites, and andesitic-rhyolitic dikes. This study integrates field mapping, petrographic-microstructural observations, rock magnetic data, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses across these different facies to investigate the emplacement history of the Curaco batholith within an E-W-trending deformation area. Microstructural analysis allowed classification into three categories: (1) magmatic, encompassing sub-magmatic to high-temperature solid-state, (2) medium-temperature solid-state, and (3) low-temperature solid-state. These were systematically correlated with AMS data. The magnetic fabrics in most lithologies exhibit general NW-SE-trending foliations with subhorizontal to moderately plunging lineations, consistent across the batholith. AMS fabrics within and around the La Seña and Pangaré shear zones share this orientation but display variable dips and lineation plunges. The observed parallelism between magnetic and mesoscopic fabrics, including microgranular enclaves, syn-plutonic dikes, and magmatic foliations in granitic rocks, suggests that strain was recorded progressively during crystallization. The coherent alignment of magmatic, solid-state, and AMS fabrics supports a syn-tectonic emplacement model. At the regional scale, the batholith developed under E-W dextral strike-slip tectonics, whereas at the local scale, emplacement occurred within a right-stepping releasing stepover, producing transtensional conditions. This deformation pattern reflects continuous strain during magma cooling, from magmatic flow to solid-state deformation at progressively lower temperatures, ultimately approaching the brittle-ductile transition. The Curaco Batholith thus records the emplacement of a syn-extensional magma body during the early stages of Gondwana break-up, providing insights into magmatism-transtension interactions in continental settings.

Hard landings are a perennial issue for airlines, resulting in lost aircraft utilisation, ground delays and landing gear damage. With the Boeing 787 series in widespread use with airlines globally, this study aims to quantify the influence of several flight parameters on the vertical load factor at touchdown for the Boeing 787 using data from the aircraft’s quick access recorder (QAR). A hierarchical regression analysis was performed on 13 variables that were grouped into three sets: (A) Aircraft and Environmental Conditions, (B) Flare Parameters and (C) Final Manoeuvres. These sets were entered sequentially to predict touchdown load factor in Gs. The final model was statistically significant (p < 0.001), explaining 14% of the variance in touchdown G. Final Manoeuvres (Set C) was the largest unique contributor, accounting for 5% of the variance. Three flight parameters were found to be significant predictors: windspeed, vertical speed at 20ft AGL and stick pitch (forward). For the latter, pitch-down control input resulted in an average increase of 0.08G compared to a stick-neutral input.

Between 2021 and 2023, the Center for Applied Isotope Studies (CAIS) tested over 500 samples for biobased carbon content under the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Biopreferred Program using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) biobased testing standard D6866. We describe some of the novel approaches we used to prepare a diverse array of biobased products and summarize those radiocarbon test results and success rates in meeting the USDA Minimum Biobased Content (MBC).

Suzume no tojimari (2022) depicts the coming-of-age road trip of a teenage girl through abandoned places, in order to save Japan from giant earthquake worms, and to confront her own past of 3/11. With hyperrealistic visuals and references to Shinto mythology and folklore traditions, the movie constructs a correlation between human misbehavior and natural disasters. This narrative indicates the restoration of a mythological unity of Japanese land, people, and culture to prevent earthquakes, and to overcome personal and social issues, echoing Japanese national conservative discourse. By doing so, the movie puts moral responsibility to the individual to cope with disasters and decline.

The first ever field mission of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) took place in Montenegro in the winter of 1875–76. Although the expedition was little documented by what was then a new organization, a rediscovered trove of private archives has shed light on how it was carried out. Three delegates were sent to Montenegro with the aim of supporting the creation of a new relief society, aiding wounded soldiers and spreading awareness of the original Geneva Convention of 1864. Although the delegates were forced to adjust their ambitions, the Montenegro mission marked an important milestone in the burgeoning International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and sparked debate over the recognition of new National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies by their sister Societies. This article outlines the ICRC’s first experience in the field and examines the mission’s legacy.