Although provider opposition has been identified as a barrier to initiating antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) among immunocompromised (IC) patients, little is known about perceptions of IC ASPs postimplementation. We assessed provider perceptions of our cancer hospital-focused ASP. Respondents found the ASP to be acceptable and value-added.

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) offers significant potential in biodesign, yet its sensitivity to water and aging phenomena critically condition its reliability over time. This study investigates the interconnection between hydrophobic stabilization strategies and long-term durability through the comparative analysis of two case studies in the upholstery furniture sector, both of them previously developed using Material Driven Design (MDD) methodology and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) approach: 1) a surface stabilization treatment of BC with beeswax and 2) a bio-hybrid integration with fungal mycelium. Through phenomenological observation conducted 18 months after production, the paper analyzes how these different technical responses influence the trajectory of aesthetic and mechanical degradation of BC, identifying promising conditions and relevant criteria that hydrophobicity optimization may need to address for effective aging management and future industrial validation. The findings contribute to understanding the relationship between stabilization strategies and long-term material behavior, fostering the transition from designing for ephemerality to a vision based on the permanence and durability of grown biomaterials.

Evolutionary models of social inequality suggest that status differentiation can emerge within cooperative networks through sustained asymmetric exchanges between high- and low-value resources, giving rise to patron-client relationships. From a network perspective, such asymmetric relationships take the form of multilayered reciprocity, where different types of resources are exchanged across domains. By analyzing multilayered support networks in Matlab, Bangladesh, a region undergoing rapid market integration, we examine how multilayered reciprocity is differently leveraged depending on socioeconomic status and how these exchange patterns reflect an emerging patron-client system in an increasingly market-integrated community. Evidence of multilayered reciprocity is found for salaried households who provide cash and receive household items and/or labor services, but similar patterns are not found for landowners or local political leaders. Further, observed asymmetries in exchange patterns suggest that salaried households may be emerging as new patrons providing sought-after resources (especially cash) to clients with limited access to such resources, replacing a traditional patron-client system based on land ownership and political leadership. Our findings highlight a mechanism by which human cooperation can give rise to new forms of social inequality, offering a framework for extending evolutionary models to explain cooperation and inequality in changing socioeconomic contexts.

This article studies the changing political economy around monuments in Delhi from 1857–2010, with a focus on the history of land acquisition and forms of compensation in and around the monument. Contextualizing conservation policies within international, national, and legal frameworks as well as Delhi’s changing economy, it traces the rise of the ‘monument’ in Delhi through an en masse conservation process. Monument-making in Delhi over the twentieth century entailed a long and large-scale process of forced evictions. With this production of the conserved monument, the use and meaning of historical sites came to be universalized and generalized purely via their ‘historic’ identity. Changing forms of land acquisition, displacement, and inadequate compensation have been foundational to the rise of Delhi as a heritage city. Contemporary policies and rhetoric of heritage conservation are situated within the politics of dispossession. These policies have formed an inherently inequitable conservation process within Delhi that has consistently dislocated peasant and working populations from the city.

The transnational region of Karelia is divided between Finland and Russia, two countries that differ in myriad ways. Karelians have negotiated questions of identity and belonging throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. However, current events, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and increased contemporary discourses on minority identity as well as cultural appropriation, have made identity questions increasingly salient. Karelian metal music has become an important site for identity negotiations in multiple languages and with the incorporation of sources from history and folklore. This article considers four lyrical themes – belonging, history, folklore, and nature – and how these contribute to identity negotiations. Karelian lyrics are compared with the help of distant reading and thematic analysis to better understand the differences and similarities on both sides of the border. The East-West divide can be discerned from the database, with Finnish Karelian bands more likely to adapt material related to the West, whereas Russian Karelian artists more regularly invoke the East.

Biodesign has gained prominence over the past two decades yet remains conceptually hazy and institutionally unsettled, positioned between biology, material science, and design, with no shared vocabulary, clear entry routes, or agreement on who a biodesigner is. As biodesign enters universities, there is a risk that standardisation may erase the experimental, subversive cultures through which the field emerged. This paper combines a focused literature review with an online survey of selfidentified biodesigners and autoethnographic accounts of teaching in improvised studios, kitchensaslabs, and hybrid digitalfabrication spaces. The analysis profiles biodesigners as highly educated yet largely self-taught practitioners who rely on tinkering, informal infrastructures, and collaborations rather than standard bioscience curricula, revealing tensions between institutional demands for safety, learning outcomes, employability, and students’ experiences of open-ended, engagement with living systems. The paper proposes biodesign literacy as a framework that supports standardisation while recognising risk and uncertainty as legitimate sites of biological learning.

Regional One Health antimicrobial stewardship networks require coordinated, adaptive strategies across sectors. This conceptual article combines strategic fit theory with the Ansoff matrix to identify key determinants of sustainable network performance and proposes strategic development pathways to strengthen governance, data integration, cross-sectoral collaboration and long-term network development.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become the dominant mode of validation in health research, with the randomized control trial (RCT) the gold standard tool for treatment evaluation. This article traces the slow but certain rise of the RCT in Britain since 1948, where evidence was inextricably linked with management of the National Health Service, socialized and free at the point of use. It uses the 1971 publication and reception of epidemiologist Archie Cochrane’s book Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on the Health Service as a lens through which to understand the political and clinical motivations for applying EBM in the health service, reducing clinical autonomy in order to ensure cost efficiency. Cochrane’s work had a direct causal link to the establishment, in 1998 under New Labour, of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), a body that used a mixture of RCT evidence, stakeholder engagement and cost–benefit analysis to determine treatment approval, and which was made possible by 1990s innovations in information technology and library science. The article argues that there was a strong connection between evidence-based medicine based on RCTs and socialist medical thought in Britain, in relation to validation, the regulation of market interests and restriction of consumer choice, in order to maintain the economic feasibility of a socialized health service.

Compliance with epidemic prevention norms has been found to be higher in developing regions than in developed regions; however, the nature and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We propose that socioeconomic development of environments changes the adaptive benefits of fundamental social motives, especially disease avoidance and familial motives, which shape variations in compliance during pandemics. To examine the effects of these motives on the relationship between socioeconomic environments and compliance, we conducted three studies measuring environmental socioeconomic development with the Human Development Index (HDI). Study 1 (with two datasets: N = 43,244, 53 countries; N = 94,657, 71 countries) revealed a stable negative correlation between country-level HDI and compliance, even after controlling disease severity, government responses, and individualism. Studies 2 (an analysis of social media text data; N = 22,588, 31 provinces) and 3 (a large-sample survey; N = 6,122, 31 cities) replicated this correlation in China at the provincial and city levels, and identified disease avoidance and familial motives as mediators. These findings provide evidence for how socioeconomic environments shape compliance during pandemics, highlight the importance of familial motives alongside disease avoidance, and offer insights into tailoring public health strategies across diverse environments.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the South Korean government, scientists, and farmers fostered the promotion of a domestic dairy and grassland agriculture. With the technical and financial cooperation of the Australian, Canadian, Danish, Japanese, New Zealand, and West German governments, the Korean actors imported livestock, established model farms, and conducted research projects on grassland and forage. Dairy production played a crucial role, as it combined agriculture with modern technology. While researchers have pointed out the ‘civilizing force’ of cattle in colonialism, this article extends the role played by dairy agriculture in post-colonial societies. In the wake of the Cold War developmentalist framework, both domestic and transnational actors shaped not only dairy agriculture, but also Korea’s environment and diet long term. Aside from American-backed efforts around the ‘green revolution’, multiple other actors cooperated in rural development and represented a different understanding of dairy and agriculture. They actively transferred new cow breeds, grass seeds, and milking technology to the South Korean countryside; their efforts were partly welcomed and partly rejected by Korean locals. The article focuses especially on two Korean-German projects—the bilateral model dairy farm in Anseong and the grassland research project—and locates them in the context of this transnational cooperation.

In this article I suggest looking at memory as a symbolic field animated by the emotional tensions that emerge from popular interpretations of state hegemonic narratives. These affective engagements challenge the binary framings of memory as a contested project between the elite’s script and the resistance from below. Using the iconography of the Brazza Mausoleum, I argue that colonial memory in Congo acts as a spectral force through which the grievances from the colonial past convey meaning to the frustrations experienced through the postcolonial state. Colonial history returns as a phantom haunting the unfulfilled promises of the independent state.

Inclusive fitness theory predicts that to maximize fitness, individuals should invest in kin, but relatives can also compete for resources. These opposing forces can have opposite effects on fertility, which was further constrained by marital and inheritance norms in traditional Western societies. How available resources influence this balance between helping and competing remains poorly understood. To investigate whether kin help or harm fertility, we used genealogical records from a population registry to study how relatives alive at age 15 were associated with marriage and lifetime number of children in Finnish people born 1752-1879, comparing landowning and landless individuals. Our results show that for focals born to landowning families, both older and younger siblings were associated with a higher age at first marriage, but the maternal grandmother and younger sisters were positively associated with fertility. These associations also differed by the focal’s sex. Among the landless, siblings were also relatively weakly associated with poor marital outcomes, but not with the lifetime number of children. Relatives were not associated with lifetime childlessness. These results suggest that a high level of resources may intensify both positive and negative associations between kin and fertility, possibly through inheritance patterns, competition for resources and childcare help.

Surveying farmers and consultants provides valuable insight into emerging problems and shifts in crop production practices. University researchers and Extension personnel can use this information to direct research and Extension outputs to best meet on-farm needs. A survey of soybean farmers and consultants in the Midsouth region of the United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, southeast Missouri, and Tennessee) was conducted from October 2024 through March 2025 to understand common weed management practices, problematic weed species, and evolving herbicide resistance. The survey respondents represented 19% of the total soybean area in the Midsouth, accounting for over 900,000 soybean ha. Soybean cultivars resistant to glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba had the highest adoption rate, accounting for 62% of hectares planted in 2024 and projected to reach 66% in 2025. Among the survey respondents, S-metolachlor was the most widely used preemergence and postemergence residual herbicide, while dicamba was the most common postemergence herbicide. The most problematic weeds infesting Midsouth soybean were Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, morningglories, and Italian ryegrass. A significant portion of farmers and consultants suspected Palmer amaranth resistance to synthetic auxins (47%) or glufosinate (52%). Respondents cited controlling problematic species as the most needed research area and frequently requested research on herbicide resistance management and alternative cultural practices for weed control. Herbicide resistance is a key concern for farmers, and postemergence herbicide options are increasingly limited; yet, there is strong interest in integrated weed management and in adopting new technologies in soybean.

Lead sling bullets (glandes) have been found for over a century at and around the Roman fort in Ambleside (Lake District). The glandes, together with the discovery of a remarkable inscription on a tombstone from the site, suggest the possibility of a conflict scenario. This article summarises the previous evidence and presents the results from a new research project that comprised two fieldwork campaigns (2021 and 2023) in the environs of the fort. The results confirm the hypothesis of a scatter of glandes to the north and east, which can be plausibly interpreted as the fort undergoing an external attack, during which the garrison troops defended themselves by shooting missiles outwards.