Measurements of peculiar velocities in the local Universe are a powerful tool to study the nature of dark energy at low (z < 0.1) redshifts. Here we present the largest single set of z < 0.1 peculiar velocity measurements to date, obtained using the Fundamental Plane (FP) of galaxies in the first data release (DR1) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI).We describe the photometric and spectroscopic selection criteria used to define the sample, as well as extensive quality control checks on the photometry and velocity dispersion measurements. Additionally, we perform detailed systematics checks for the many analysis parameters in our pipeline. Our DESI DR1 catalogue contains FP-based distances and peculiar velocities for 98, 292 unique early-type galaxies, increasing the total number of z < 0.1 FP distances ever measured by a factor of ∼ 2. We achieve a precision of 26% random error in our distance measurements which is comparable to previous surveys. A series of companion DESI papers use the distances and peculiar velocities presented in this paper to measure cosmological parameters.

This article presents conclusions from a study of 1,400 criminal trials in cases involving anti-caste and tribe violence, filed in the trial court of Aurangabad District (Sambhajinagar) in western India. Employing computational analysis upon the metadata and text of decisions filed under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) (POA) Act 1989 during a 20-year period (2002–2023), I offer an exploratory socio-legal analysis of hate-crime adjudication in India. This article sheds light on hitherto unexplored questions about criminal adjudication in India such as: Which cases are most likely to result in acquittals and convictions? What kind of evidence does the court consider and in what manner is evidence read? How frequently are cases dismissed due to witnesses turning hostile? What kinds of punishments do Indian courts hand out? How long do criminal trials typically last? What kind of charges are most commonly brought against the accused in these cases? How easy is it to get bail and what conditions do courts typically impose? How long do POA-accused spend in jail before they get bail?. In doing so, this article offers a first-of-its kind phenomenology of ‘hate-crime’ adjudication and, more broadly, of criminal adjudication in India.

We present a new data release from the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS), a widefield snapshot radio survey conducted with the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). This data release contains the second RACS epoch to make use of ASKAP’s low-frequency band, centred on 887.5MHz with a bandwidth of 288 MHz, referred to as RACS-low2. This RACS-low2 data release includes both Stokes I and V imaging and catalogue data products covering the whole sky up to a declination of ≈ +48°. RACS-low2 largely follows the observation footprint of the first low-band epoch, though includes additional coverage in the Northern Hemisphere. The observation scheduling and data processing follow previous RACS epochs, making use of autonomous scheduling and holography-derived primary beam models. The Stokes I and V catalogues are derived from images with a median point-spread function (PSF) of 14.2′′ × 11.8′′, and have median root-mean-square noise properties of ≈ 195 and ≈ 163 μJy PSF−1, for the Stokes I and V images, respectively. The consolidated Stokes I catalogue contains 3 922 151 sources. We also constructed a catalogue of Stokes V sources by measuring Stokes V images at the Stokes I source positions. For the 221 Stokes V measurements above the estimated leakage and detection thresholds we provide likely identifications, including detections of 61 radio stars, 85 pulsars, 43 AGN (many likely to be residual leakage), and one source that is not associated with a known astronomical object. These data products, including calibrated visibilities, images, source lists, and consolidated catalogues, are made publicly available through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA).

Landscape pest management has traditionally relied on pesticides, but growing consumer interest in environmentally conscious practices is changing market expectations. A choice-based conjoint survey of 1,000 respondents evaluated willingness to pay for scouting-based integrated pest management (IPM) programs offered by landscape service providers. Attributes included spray reduction, biological controls, non-chemical controls, and price. Consumers were willing to pay ＄17.86 more per month for programs reducing sprays by at least four applications and up to ＄24.06 more when non-chemical controls were included. Results suggest scouting-based IPM services may represent a viable market opportunity for landscape service providers.

It is well established that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a crucial role in herbicide metabolism and resistance evolution in weeds. In most documented cases, P450-mediated resistance is primarily conferred through the overexpression of P450 enzymes. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this overexpression remain poorly understood. In insects, amino acid substitutions that enhance P450-mediated metabolic detoxification have been clearly demonstrated as a key mechanism of insecticide resistance. In contrast, their potential role in herbicide resistance in weeds remains unclear. In this study, two CYP96A146 variants from flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl], designated CYP96A146-S and CYP96A146-R, were heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These variants, which differ by four amino acid residues, were examined for their ability to metabolize model substrates and herbicides. The results indicated that both variants exhibited catalytic activity toward model substrates of p-nitroanisole, methoxyresorufin, ethoxyresorufin, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and benzo[a]pyrene, as well as toward the herbicides tribenuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, and carfentrazone-ethyl. Notably, CYP96A146-R showed significantly higher catalytic activity than CYP96A146-S to both the model substrates (p-nitroanisole, methoxyresorufin, ethoxyresorufin, and 7-ethoxycoumarin) and the herbicides (tribenuron-methyl and carfentrazone-ethyl). These findings suggest that the amino acid substitutions are likely responsible for the enhanced metabolic capability of CYP96A146-R. Such mutations may induce conformational changes of CYP96A146 enzyme, facilitating more frequent molecular collisions between CYP96A146 and the substrates or herbicides, thereby improving catalytic efficiency.

We construct a moduli space that parametrises stable proper holomorphic submersions over a fixed compact Kähler base. Stability is described in terms of the existence of a canonical relatively Kähler metric on the submersion, called an optimal symplectic connection. The construction of the moduli space combines techniques from geometric invariant theory with the study of the geometric PDE defining an optimal symplectic connection. A special case of this moduli space is the moduli space of stable vector bundles over a compact Kähler manifold. We also show that the moduli space is a Hausdorff complex space equipped with a Weil-Petersson type Kähler metric.

Kay Redfield Jamison’s An Unquiet Mind is a memoir of bipolar disorder written by a clinical psychologist, professor of psychiatry and mood-disorders researcher. In this text, Jamison publicly described her own experience of mania, depression, psychosis, suicidality and lithium. We believe that this book remains a useful training text in psychiatry for three core reasons: what it reveals about treatment refusal, about professional stigma attached to psychiatric illness within medicine, and about the things that syndromic diagnosis can miss. Read critically, An Unquiet Mind remains helpful for thinking about ambivalence, clinician stigma, shared decision-making, and the limits of diagnosis without abandoning clinical precision.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are often preventable and cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data on HAIs in low- and middle-income countries. This study surveyed Dominican Republic hospitals, revealing that 60% had Infection Prevention, and Control (IPC) programs, but gaps remain in IPC committees, training, data tracking, and reporting.

This study uses latent class analysis to map the structure of tax-burden perceptions across income strata and to test whether combined income–asset status gives rise to coalition patterns. Based on Korean panel data, respondents are classified into upper, middle and lower groups by joint income–asset deciles. Five latent classes emerge, and multinomial logistic models show that membership probabilities differ systematically between those above and below the middle-income/middle-asset reference group, reflecting distinct coalition alignments. Notably, support for welfare-financing tax increases is driven more strongly by membership in progressive perception classes than by income or assets alone; moreover, this multilevel coalition structure – spanning different income-asset combinations – reveals that asset holdings, particularly illiquid assets, play a crucial role in shaping tax fairness judgements beyond income considerations. These findings underscore the necessity of tax policies tailored to both income and asset dimensions.

On May 20, 2025, the Swedish parliament passed a new law that criminalizes the purchase of sexual acts taking place “at a distance,” that is, via digital platforms and without physical contact. It prohibits the act of promoting or financially exploiting an individual to perform a sexual act remotely for compensation and specifically bans clients from impacting the content of online sexual acts (Government Bill 2025; SVT Nyheter 2025). By targeting platforms such as OnlyFans, it aims to capture the sex industry’s digitalization and thereby decrease the vulnerability of specific groups and prevent new entries into prostitution.

This paper examines the relationship between provider market consolidation, setting-of-care (SOC) dynamics, and healthcare costs in the United States. The authors argue that consolidation is not solely a driver of rising unit prices, but also a response to structural pressures, including rising practice costs, stagnant physician reimbursement, and increasing administrative complexity. Drawing on recent empirical analyses, the authors demonstrate that prices vary substantially by SOC, with hospital outpatient departments representing the highest-cost settings. They further show that physician affiliation models are associated with distinct patterns of SOC utilisation. These findings suggest that the relationship between consolidation and cost is not uniform and depends on underlying organisational incentives. The authors contend that current policy discourse around private capital lacks sufficient nuance and risks obscuring more fundamental drivers of cost growth, particularly reimbursement design. They call for a more balanced dialogue and additional research to better understand how consolidation, payment policy, and SOC decision-making interact, concluding that policymakers should prioritise incentives that support clinically appropriate care in lower-cost settings.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) emit broadband radio emission that may, in rare cases, encode atomic hydrogen (Hi) absorption signals as they traverse the interstellar medium of their host galaxies. Though considered in the early FRB literature, the demanding observational prerequisites and the rarity of suitable events have meant that no thorough search for Hi absorption in FRB spectra has yet been undertaken. Here, we present an updated systematic analysis assessing the likelihood of modern facilities to detect such absorption features. As a proof of concept, we search for absorption in the spectrum of the bright ASKAP-localised FRB 20211127I, finding a 3σ opacity upper limit of 0.51. While this test case offers little constraining power, we find that narrow FRBs with fluences exceeding 20/70/150 Jy ms observed with MeerKAT/ASKAP/DSA can probe opacities below 0.1 — a regime in which absorption detections become physically meaningful. We further highlight that stacking thousands of bursts from hyperactive repeaters with FAST offers a very powerful avenue toward detection. Finally, we discuss the broad scientific potential of such detections, including constraints on extragalactic Hi spin temperatures, a means to physically probe the environment surrounding the progenitor, and a path towards disentangling host galaxy contributions to dispersion and scattering.

This paper explores two sites recently excavated by the Sirwan Regional Project (SRP)—Tepe Kalan (SRP018) and Kani Masi (SRP094)—located just 14 km apart on opposite sides of the lower Sirwan river in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and occupied simultaneously during the Middle Bronze Age I (c. 2000–1850 bce). The MB I was a lively period of political negotiation and cultural reconfiguration across the region, with these dynamics playing out in various social arenas, from rock reliefs to everyday eating and drinking activities. Detailed examination of the functional potentialities of pottery vessels from the two sites, set within an inter–regional context of connectivity, demonstrates alternative community networks and practices of cultural production. These material insights challenge us to reconceptualize our traditional approaches to borders and their state–driven political and cultural materializations and narratives. We emphasize here the perspective of mobile borders and emergent borderities, which allow us to move towards careful articulations of localized processes, community encounters and temporalities beyond the state.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for people with chronic respiratory diseases, but access is limited. Delivering PR in primary care may overcome these barriers; however, physiotherapists and Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) report limited PR experience. Aim: to investigate the changes in knowledge, skills, and confidence following an education program for physiotherapists and AEPs in PR delivery in primary care. Primary care physiotherapists or AEPs undertook an education program of 6–8 hours online training and a half-day face-to-face workshop. 17 clinicians completed the training. Median (IQR) knowledge scores increased from 7 (6,8) at baseline to 10 (9,11) post-training (p < 0.001; Hedges’ g = 1.52, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.21). Improvements in self-rated knowledge, skills, and confidence were observed across all domains and sustained at 3 months. In conclusion, a short education program improved PR knowledge, skills, and confidence in primary care clinicians. Educating primary care clinicians in PR is essential to build the workforce to provide PR in this setting and improve accessibility.