This article re-examines the geography of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Havana through the gendered lens of Black freedom and enslavement. The author uses fragmentary evidence surrounding the disappearance of Margarita, a young, enslaved girl in 1820s Havana, to suggest how the city’s African and African-descended residents navigated urban space in opposition to colonial design and function. In the process, the author suggests the ways in which the interventions of Black residents, influenced by the ecologies internal to the port, were pivotal to the production of urban space and the geographies of slavery.

Embracing the potential of foresight in migration policy, North Macedonia has embarked on a ground-breaking journey to institutionalize anticipatory governance through extensive capacity-building activities, imparting foresight methods to stakeholders responsible for shaping migration policies. This research provides a comprehensive overview, detailing the initiative’s origins, alignment with the Resolution on Migration Policy 2021–2025, and the accompanying Action Plan. The study assesses the impact and potential of the Anticipatory Governance in Migration in North Macedonia when fully integrated with the action plan, which focuses on data-based management that oversees the migration policy resolution and the migration policy milieu. Through a comprehensive analysis of the foresight interventions, training programs, and stakeholder engagements, this study unveils the potential impact of forward-looking planning on North Macedonia’s migration policy landscape. The conclusion and recommendations have broader significance, extending beyond North Macedonia to serve as a model for other countries confronting migration challenges in our rapidly changing world.

This study examined the relationship between intelligibility and comprehensibility in second language speech. Four extended speech samples from 50 speakers spanning a wide range of proficiency were drawn from archived test data. These samples were listened to by 570 English users, who provided comprehensibility ratings and transcriptions to measure intelligibility. The relationship between intelligibility and comprehensibility was strong (r = .81, ⍴ = .88) and nonlinear. A segmented regression model suggested a breakpoint for intelligibility scores (transcription accuracy) at 64%, below which speakers were perceived as uniformly hard to understand and above which increased intelligibility was strongly associated with higher comprehensibility.

Starting in the 1830s, French musicians began to fully engage with the concept of nostalgia as an affective category and as a musical trait. The deliberate artistic process of naming music and musical works as ‘nostalgia’ contributed to the demedicalization of the term while transforming its original meaning as homesickness into a spectrum of spatiotemporal emotions. Musical renditions of nostalgia also displaced expressions and discussions of this emotion away from the countryside, where it had originally been rooted, towards the city. Musicians thus directly participated in the transformation of nostalgia into a commodity, a fashionable product that could be purchased in music stores, experienced firsthand in entertainment venues, and tailored to the needs and desires of an urban population.

This article traces the shift in the evocation of nostalgia in music and the musical press during the nineteenth century in Paris, where it became most prevalent in dozens of vocal romances and instrumental pieces. The compositions that I analyse, rather than forming a unified depiction of the city, offer a range of sonorous and thematic ideas that provide a more comprehensive understanding of the place nostalgia played in the imagination of an urban population increasingly conscious of its artistic value and impact. I thus uncover three main stages in this shift, which show how successive generations of musicians, influenced by different attitudes to urbanity, conceived nostalgia. I investigate why composers drawn to nostalgia were attracted to certain types of musical and formal models, what these choices reveal about their understanding of nostalgia and its purpose, and, more importantly, what this musical nostalgia sounded like. This article provides the first overview of works that deliberately use nostalgia as an explicit topic across genres and generations in nineteenth-century Paris.

The Antikythera shipwreck provides a rare chronological anchor in the history of Greek sculpture. The cargo, a massive haul of more than four-dozen bronze and marble statues, in addition to amphorae and portable luxury goods, was lost at sea c. 70–50 BCE, possibly later, along the north-east coast of the island of Antikythera. Previous research on the sculptural assemblage from the wreck has focused on the style and iconographic heritage of individual statues. This article examines the statuary as a gathered whole to isolate trends in material, size, and subject matter. The results suggest a main setting where some, maybe all, of the statues might have originally been displayed: the gymnasion. The statues were probably obtained through plunder or extortion, not normal commercial activity. The study concludes by considering where the statues might have been set up once they reached their presumed destination in Italy. It is shown that the statues were most appropriate for display in a lavish public building in Rome.

Human milk and direct breastfeeding provide the optimal, biologically normative nutrition for hospitalised infants, with well-established benefits for immune, gut, cardiac, brain, and maternal health. Despite these benefits, human milk and breastfeeding rates for infants with CHD in high-resource countries are typically low, and there are no formal guidelines to drive CHD breastfeeding practice. Our aim is to (1) summarise the evidence on breastfeeding for infants with CHD, (2) discuss key barriers to and facilitators of breastfeeding in this population, (3) identify critical research and practice gaps to improve breastfeeding care in CHD, and (4) provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

Primary breastfeeding barriers for infants with CHD include (1) concern for dysphagia/aspiration, (2) concerns related to weight gain, (3) clinical instability/sickness, (4) developmental considerations, (5) general breastfeeding challenges, and (6) workflow and implementation issues, with racism and health disparities also contributing. The evidence to support these barriers is limited and often conflicting. Breastfeeding facilitators for preterm infants are well described, but facilitators may require modification for infants with CHD. Most lactation interventions have not been tested in CHD populations. Current evidence does not support automatic withholding of breastfeeding from infants with CHD; rather, the benefits of breastfeeding likely outweigh many potential concerns. There is a critical need for research and quality improvement to identify interventions that equitably and effectively support breastfeeding for infants with CHD and to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on short- and long-term physical, psychological, and developmental outcomes for infants and families.

Our novel antibiotic use denominator, targeted antimicrobial use admission, is defined as an inpatient admission in which a select agent or group of agents is administered. Used in combination with length of therapy, it allows programs to quickly assess agent inpatient durations.

We evaluated the impact of silencing penicillin cross-reactivity alerts on perioperative antibiotic prescribing and surgical site infections (SSIs) in 6 hospitals using an interrupted time series analysis. Silencing the alerts minimally increased cefazolin prescribing among penicillin allergy labeled patients (sensitivity analysis only; P = 0.03) and had no influence on SSIs (P = 0.32).

A paradox has emerged in the growing literature on the legacies of the precolonial past: areas home to precolonial centralized polities are associated with beneficial long-run outcomes in some studies, but harmful ones elsewhere. This article introduces an original dataset of precolonial African states in the nineteenth century to explain this seeming contradiction. By developing a typology of precolonial statehood, I show that there is no single legacy of the precolonial past. Rather, statehood only increases civil conflict where political power was highly concentrated in a polity. Where political authority was more diverse, conflict prevalence is lower. A largely inverse pattern holds for development outcomes. These findings, and the associated dataset, suggest promising new pathways for understanding not only the legacies of Africa’s precolonial past, but the study of comparative state-building, which has largely relegated the African experience to a single story.

While punctuated equilibrium is foundational to modern paleobiology, the degree to which paleontologists and evolutionary biologists understand its claims and implications is not clear. Many critiques of punctuated equilibrium are based on misinterpretations of the model, and these misconceptions are likely to be common in classrooms. To begin to understand how the paleontological and evolutionary biology communities, including students, educators, researchers, and museum staff, perceive punctuated equilibrium, we distributed a preliminary exploratory survey to assess how respondents use punctuated equilibrium in their research and teaching and how well they comprehend its core ideas. This pilot study was undertaken to identify possible areas for future research, as well as to assess initial patterns in the data that might indicate the need for a more rigorous follow-up investigation, for example, with a formal validated survey instrument. Among this exploratory sample of 122 respondents, a strong consensus emerged that punctuated equilibrium is important to both paleontology and evolutionary biology and should be included in textbooks. However, while punctuated equilibrium is taught in both introductory and upper-level courses, most instructors in the sample spend 1 week or less on the topic. Survey items designed to explore respondents’ understanding of core ideas within punctuated equilibrium revealed internally inconsistent responses, with a notable lack of consensus on many items. Response data suggest that both empirical (e.g., anagenesis is a common phenomenon) and conceptual (e.g., punctuated equilibrium states that morphological change occurs within just a few generations during speciation) misconceptions may be common. These potential misconceptions are held by the surveyed paleontologists and evolutionary biologists alike, in all career stages. Despite 50 years of discussion, our survey results suggest the lack of a shared understanding of punctuated equilibrium within this scientific community. We therefore provide some initial guidance and concrete strategies to improve teaching and learning about punctuated equilibrium and propose areas for further investigation.

This article explores urban memory politics in Komsomolsk-na-Amure – a military-industrial stronghold erected in Russia’s Far East in the 1930s with the participation of Komsomol volunteers from across the USSR. Known as pervostroiteli or ‘first-builders’, Komsomolsk’s founders became the city’s first chroniclers, who played an enduring role in shaping the city’s heroic popular image. I argue that the Soviet government’s active efforts to glorify Komsomol builders endowed the figures of pervostroiteli with unparalleled moral authority, which participants in the city’s early development used to curate their own memorialization and local historical politics.

This article proposes a novel method for estimating quantile regression models that account for sample selection. Unlike the approach by Arellano and Bonhomme (2017, Econometrica 85(1), 1–28; hereafter referred to as AB17), which employs a parametric selection equation, our method utilizes a standard binary quantile regression model to handle the selection issue, thereby accommodating general heterogeneity in both the selection and outcome equations. We adopt a semiparametric estimation technique for the outcome quantile regression by integrating local moment conditions, resulting in $\sqrt {n}$-consistent estimators for the quantile coefficients and copula parameter. Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that our estimator performs well in finite samples. Additionally, we apply our method to examine the wage distribution among women using a randomly simulated sample from the US General Social Survey. Our key finding is the presence of significant positive selection among women in the US, which is notably more pronounced than the estimates produced by the AB17’s model.

This article explores nuclear cultural heritage-making as a spatial activity in the context of nuclear secrecy and restricted access. It focuses on the closed city Sarov, formerly Arzamas-16, the birthplace of Soviet nuclear weapons. Since the end of the Cold War, Sarov has cultivated its image as a heritage site, opening a Museum of Nuclear Weapons, pioneering nuclear scientists and local history, as well as reconstructing religious sites. Based on interviews and fieldwork in Russia, this article maps the hitherto unstudied development of cultural heritage infrastructure in a closed city and its diverse and conflicting political uses and assesses the ambivalence of nuclear material culture as it is selectively preserved and deployed to achieve these conflicting goals.

This article uses amphora quantification and regression analysis to trace economic changes in the Mediterranean between the Principate (27 bc to ad 284) and Late Antiquity. It indicates that, during the Principate, there was a clear pattern of amphora distribution across the Mediterranean, which can be explained by the predominance of market forces among the factors governing trade. In contrast, the weak correlation between exports and prices observed in Late Antiquity suggests a significant shift in the underlying principles of trade during this period.

The need to maintain cooperation in social dilemmas is a fundamental challenge. Responses to social dilemmas are affected by dispositions toward exploitativeness (i.e., the maximization of one’s own utility) and distrust (i.e., the fear of being exploited by others). This is because the belief that others are untrustworthy justifies exploitative behaviors. The Dark Factor of Personality (D) is postulated to comprise the conjunction of these dispositions, implying that individuals will assume similarity on D. In this research, we sought to test this implication by examining whether individuals’ self- and observer reports of unacquainted targets on D converge. Across five studies, we found that individuals assume similarity on D when unknown targets are described as ‘typical’ (Study 1) or when shown a photograph (Studies 2–5). These effects were not moderated by the congruency between rater and target sex (Studies 2 and 3); however, we found that higher attractiveness of targets led to greater assumed similarity on D (Studies 4 and 5). These findings are consistent with D reflecting the conjunction of exploitativeness and distrust while also suggesting that assumed similarity on D is moderated by the interpersonal attraction of those being rated.