Stanley N. Katz served as the Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor of the History of American Law and Liberty at Princeton University from 1978 to 1986. He left to become President of the American Council of Learned Societies, the national humanities organization in the United States. When he stepped down from that position in 1997, he returned to teaching and high-level institutional service at Princeton, including as the Acting Director of the Program in Law and Public Affairs from 2004 to 05 and 2016 to 17. Katz’s contributions to legal history include, in addition to a vast array of articles and the books cited in the footnotes below, his work as Editor in Chief of the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History and of the Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the United States Supreme Court. He has served as President of the Organization of American Historians and American Society for Legal History, as Vice President of the Research Division of the American Historical Association, and as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Newberry Library, the Center for Jewish History, and many other institutions. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Legal History, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Society of American Historians. President Barack Obama awarded him the National Humanities Medal in 2011.

The U.S. National Library of Medicine holds two collections by Adolf Nichtenhauser (1903–53) that have become important sources for historians of medical and health films: an unpublished book-manuscript in which he surveys the history of medical and health films to around 1950, primarily in Europe and North America; and the valuable collection of documents he amassed partly during his research for this book-manuscript. Such is the richness of these collections that it is difficult to imagine a history of medical and health film that is not in some way indebted to Nichtenhauser. Indeed, his book-manuscript has become a standard citation in the historiography of medicine, health and film. Yet very little is known about Nichtenhauser himself, other than that he was a European immigrant to the United States who wrote this key history and died before its completion. This article seeks to do three things: to provide the first English-language biography of Nichtenhauser from his early life in Austria to his career in the United States; to use this biography to explain how he came to write this book-manuscript; and to explore the relationship between his historiography and efforts in the 1940s and 1950s to identify and solve problems with application of film to medicine and health.

Religion has long been considered an important determinant of voting behaviour. However, the secularisation of Western societies has changed its role. Secularisation not only limits the political relevance of religion, it may also affect the nature of religious cleavages themselves. While extant literature suggests that differences between religious denominations are in decline, with regard to differences between religious and non-religious voters there are two divergent expectations, (1) that these differences are also in decline and (2) that there is an increased polarisation between the religious and the non-religious. For the latter expectation, evidence has already been found regarding the United States. In this paper, we examine whether a similar change can be observed in Western Europe. Combining data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and information on parties’ positions from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), we assess the nature of over-time changes in the connection between religion and the vote choice. The results point to an increased polarisation between members of a Christian church and the non-religious, however, we also find that non-Christians are more similar to the non-religious than to Christians. We also uncover a growing division between Catholics and Protestants that does not fit common expectations. These findings challenge earlier work on the political consequences of secularisation and lead to new research questions.

We give a new proof of the fact that, if $M$ is a compact $n$-manifold with no boundary, then the set of holonomies of strictly convex real-projective structures on $M$ is a subset of ${\textrm {Hom}}(\pi _1M,\textrm {PGL}(n+1,\mathbb{R}))$ that is both open and closed.

This contribution focuses on our co-affective encounters with the Great African Seaforest in Cape Town, South Africa. We use a diffractive methodology to read Blue Humanities and marine biology texts through critical posthumanism and our freewritings and depictions of our embodied co-affective encounters of swimming and diving in the kelp. Swimming diffractively through such texts, our freewritings and images, we consider how the focus areas identified in the call for papers (CFP), namely sentience, imaginaries, regeneration and pedagogies, might be differently configured and understood through the Great African Seaforest. In keeping with the interconnected hydrological cycle of which we are all part, we consider the Great African Seaforest as a Global South “sentient interspecies learning community” (CFP) for broader global politico-ethico-onto-epistemological practices and relations. We argue that such diffractive immersive encounters of transdisciplinary approaches and creative expression can enliven embodied environmental Critical Forest Studies learning in novel ways.

The political economy of the left has emptied the space of critique. It has articulated an unusual combination: bureaucratic centralism aligned with the expansion of financialization. If, as Marx claimed, historical events appear first as tragedy, the contemporary institutional left—especially in Latin America—has staged a neoliberal play. This has fueled delusion, much captured by the far right. This situation has demanded engagement with the public intellectual role in the Latin American—particularly Brazilian—tradition, in which critical theories have been tied to social forms of resistance against political and economic power. When such powers are reorganized within left-wing programs and governments, engaged intellectuals must confront their field. In this article, we draw on Ruy Fausto’s reflection on the misdirections of the left in its processes of bureaucratization and institutionalization to assess the limits of reformism, the question of left unity, and the conciliatory project with the accumulation regime. From this dialog, we propose taking the critique of financialized capitalism seriously through the decentralization of socialist alternatives, capable of resisting both the homogenizing force of financialization and its top-down imposition by the institutionalist left.

As the risk of climate overshoot grows, attention increasingly turns to climate interventions, that is technologies designed to actively alter the climate system beyond conventional mitigation and adaptation. The article addresses questions of institutional legitimacy and recognition justice, the implications of international legal fragmentation, competing approaches to risk analysis, the application of precautionary and prevention principles, market governance of CDR, the role of intellectual property regimes, and regional perspectives. The most striking tension revolves around the question of how risks should be analysed and compared. Climate intervention governance does not exist in a vacuum but is an emerging field shaped by partial institutional coverage, normative contestation, and private-sector acceleration against a background of limited public salience. This article situates climate intervention governance within broader debates on risk regulation. Building on and critically synthesising the contributions published in the European Journal of Risk Regulation’s Special Issue devoted to the governance challenges posed by Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR), the article identifies cross-cutting themes that will shape governance debates in the coming years. It concludes that climate intervention governance is ultimately a test case for contemporary risk analysis and regulation and collective self-governance, under conditions of radical uncertainty.

What explains when states derogate from international human rights law during the COVID-19 pandemic? Conventional understanding of treaty derogations suggests that domestic democratic structures, not the crisis at hand, explain derogation submissions. I argue that during COVID-19, global crisis measures mattered. WHO legitimacy and issue framing of the crisis made states more likely to perceive the pandemic as a severe one and derogate from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Using country-day level from January 2020 to February 2021 analysis of over 70,000 observations, I test the determinants of ICCPR derogations during the COVID-19 pandemic. I find that global crisis measures of WHO responses and global COVID-19 deaths were significant, positive indicators of ICCPR derogations while domestic crisis measures were not. This piece contributes to our understanding of how states use international law during crises, derogations, international organization legitimacy and of human rights law during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this paper, we prove the codimension-one nonlinear asymptotic stability of the extremal Reissner–Nordström family of black holes in the spherically symmetric Einstein–Maxwell-neutral scalar field model, up to and including the event horizon. More precisely, we show that there exists a teleologically defined, codimension-one “submanifold” ${\mathfrak{M}}_{\mathrm{stab}}$ of the moduli space of spherically symmetric characteristic data for the Einstein–Maxwell-scalar field system lying close to the extremal Reissner–Nordström family, such that any data in ${\mathfrak{M}}_{\mathrm{stab}}$ evolve into a solution with the following properties as time goes to infinity: (i) the metric decays to a member of the extremal Reissner–Nordström family uniformly up to the event horizon, (ii) the scalar field decays to zero pointwise and in an appropriate energy norm, (iii) the first translation-invariant ingoing null derivative of the scalar field is approximately constant on the event horizon $\mathcal H^+$, (iv) for “generic” data, the second translation-invariant ingoing null derivative of the scalar field grows linearly along the event horizon. Due to the coupling of the scalar field to the geometry via the Einstein equations, suitable components of the Ricci tensor exhibit nondecay and growth phenomena along the event horizon. Points (i) and (ii) above reflect the “stability” of the extremal Reissner–Nordström family and points (iii) and (iv) verify the presence of the celebrated Aretakis instability [11] for the linear wave equation on extremal Reissner–Nordström black holes in the full nonlinear Einstein–Maxwell-scalar field model.

While the concept of futility has been used widely in somatic medicine, to date, there has been limited consideration of its relevance to psychiatry. We summarize the findings of an international, multidisciplinary workshop involving clinicians, ethicists, philosophers, patient advocates, and persons with lived experience, which was focused on describing futility in psychiatry and developing ethical guidelines for making futility judgments. We outline three leading concepts of futility as they have been used in somatic medicine: physiological futility, quantitative futility, and qualitative futility. We examine the application of these concepts to the care of persons with mental illness, finding that the notion of qualitative futility is most likely to be fruitful. We consider how the concept of qualitative futility in psychiatry could relate to other ethically salient concepts such as terminal mental illness and recovery. We consider (1) who should have authority to make futility judgments in psychiatry (i.e. patients, providers, others), (2) what the process for introducing and evaluating futility judgments should be, and (3) how futility assessments should respond to patients’ goals and values. We identify potential risks of futility assessments, including psychological harms and premature treatment discontinuation, as well as potential benefits, such as reductions in harmful treatments and helpful reevaluation of the goals of care. Workshop participants regarded the concept of psychiatric futility as potentially useful. They identified how the concept could be applied to psychiatric care, as well as ethical limits on doing so.

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a high-power supercontinuum (SC) that covers from visible to mid-infrared (MIR) in a GeO2-core fiber (GCF) bundle via incoherent beam combination. In the experiment, the SC generation in a single GCF was initially explored, and an SC spanning from visible to MIR regions was obtained, with average power of less than 10 W. To increase the output power, we fabricated a 3×1 high-power GCF-based tapered fiber bundle, incoherently combining three channels of the previously mentioned replicas. This yielded a broadband SC spectrum with a maximum average power of 23.1 W and a spectral bandwidth covering 0.73–3.1 μm. The obtained spectrum power fluctuation was measured over 1 hour, showing a root mean square value of 0.7%. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest power SC from visible to MIR regions obtained in GCFs pumped by 1.55 μm high-power pulses.

Educational attainment is a key determinant of diet quality. The overarching pathways (i.e. theories and mechanisms) through which educational attainment shapes diet quality remain largely unexplored in the nutrition literature, and the most salient pathways likely differ across time, populations and socio-economic and political contexts. This commentary proposes a research agenda and outlines methodological considerations that are intended to better illuminate the educational attainment–diet quality relationship. From an extensive review of the literature, which led to two publications pertinent to the topic, we identified three major research gaps that should be addressed to better understand how educational attainment stratifies diet quality to guide interventions and inform equity-enhancing policies: (1) interrogating the construct of educational attainment; (2) comparative population–level and subgroup studies; and (3) root cause analyses and structural reforms. We also discuss methodological considerations needed to inform future studies of associations between educational attainment and diet quality.