The New England Theology"-the tradition of American Reformed thought originating in the work of Jonathan Edwards (1703-58)-was, for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a subject of opprobrium and condescension. In the 1980s and 1990s a new wave of revisionist scholarship reassessed the New England theologians, arguing for their centrality to early American intellectual history. This article asks why, in the wake of these studies, almost no new work has been done on the New England Theology in more than a decade. It argues that the decline in the subfield is due to the capture of the subject by evangelical scholars at evangelical institutions, tying this phenomenon to the rise of the "new evangelical thesis" in academic history. Finally, the article seeks to chart a way forward for the study of New England Theology by going beyond evangelical readings of the sources.

Does International Criminal Court (ICC) involvement affect the agreements parties to a civil conflict make, especially regarding matters of accountability? In this article, I argue that the ICC places a unique pressure on domestic elites negotiating peace in the wake of political violence. To avoid going to trial in the international arena, elites facing the threat of punishment have an incentive to agree to implement some form of domestic accountability, showing the Court that they can handle their own business. I evaluate my argument using data on the content of peace agreements negotiated between 2002 and 2019. I find that ICC involvement increases the probability that negotiators commit to accountability during peace processes. To explore potential mechanisms and more explicitly evaluate alternative explanations, I draw on case studies from Colombia and Sudan.

This article examines the experiential and perceptual environment in which social encounters between soldiers and civilians occurred in Allied-occupied Italy (1943–45) and its enduring impact on the lives of those who experienced it. It does so by applying Mary Louise Pratt’s theoretical framework of the ‘contact zone’ to the case of occupied Italy and by exploring it through the lens of oral history sources. The critical analysis of interviews with Antonio Taurelli, an Italian teenager in 1944 who fought with American soldiers, and Harry Shindler, a British veteran who married an Italian woman during the war, sheds light on how ordinary individuals shaped their own experience of occupation within the contact zone as well as on the life-changing impact of their encounters with ‘otherness’. This article aims to contribute to our understanding of the social experience of the Allied occupation of Italy and the impact of military-civilian encounters in occupation environments more broadly.

The crystal structure of protriptyline hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Protriptyline hydrochloride crystallizes in space group P21/n (#14) with a = 10.10772(19), b = 32.0908(6), c = 10.45302(21) Å, β = 92.8748(10)°, V = 3,386.33(15) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure contains the expected N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, which link the cations and anions into crankshaft-shaped chains along the c-axis. The cations and the anions form layers parallel to the ac-plane, with van der Waals interactions between the layers. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD®) for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

This article investigates the law of public consultation in Hong Kong administrative law. The Hong Kong cases in this area have consistently followed, without question, the corresponding English authorities, and seem to have simply assumed the appropriacy of this approach. But given that it seems open to academic argument whether the Hong Kong legal system shares the same liberal democratic political theory which the English legal system endorses – and given that the English law of public consultation is commonly regarded as, inter alia, pursuing a liberal democracy-based rationale – two questions arise: (i) what is, or what are, the underlying rationale(s) for the Hong Kong law of public consultation; and (ii) to what extent is it appropriate for the Hong Kong courts to adopt the English case law on public consultation? This article contends that even assuming the Hong Kong legal system is not underpinned by a liberal democratic political theory, (i) the Hong Kong law of public consultation is underpinned by the informational rationale and a specific strand of the respect rationale; and (ii) English case law on public consultation can be implemented into Hong Kong law, insofar as its reasoning can be completed without affirming a liberal democratic premise.

We obtain explicit expressions for the class in the Grothendieck group of varieties of the moduli space $\overline {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n}$. This information is equivalent to the Poincaré polynomial and yields explicit expressions for the Betti numbers of $\overline {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n}$ in terms of Stirling or Bernoulli numbers. The expressions are obtained by solving a differential equation characterizing the generating function for the Poincaré polynomials, determined by Manin in the 1990s and equivalent to Keel’s recursion for the Betti numbers of $\overline {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n}$. Our proof reduces the solution to two combinatorial identities, verified by applying Lagrange series. We also study generating functions for the individual Betti numbers. These functions are determined by a set of polynomials $p^{(k)}_m(z)$, $k\geqslant m$. These polynomials are conjecturally log-concave; we verify this conjecture for several infinite families, corresponding to generating functions for $2k$-Betti numbers of $\overline {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n}$ for all $k\leqslant 100$. Further, studying the polynomials $p^{(k)}_m(z)$, we prove that the generating function for the Grothendieck class can be written in terms of a series of rational functions in the principal branch of the Lambert W-function. We include an interpretation of the main result in terms of Stirling matrices and a discussion of the Euler characteristic of $\overline {\mathcal{M}}_{0,n}$.

In Paraguayan Guaraní (PG), nasalisation processes affect material to both the left and right of a stressed nasal vowel. While some prior literature has claimed that bidirectional harmony is active in the language, others have noted that progressive nasalisation appears to be morpheme-specific and likely dependent on a different mechanism from regressive nasal harmony. Recent work shows that Spanish-origin lexical items participate in regressive nasal harmony, but the interactions of etymological origin and progressive nasalisation remain unclear. Drawing on a corpus of 26 sociolinguistic interviews as well as elicitation with native speakers of PG, I argue that the mechanisms underlying the two types of nasalisation in the language are in fact different. I propose that PG regressive nasalisation is best analysed as productive nasal harmony, while progressive nasalisation represents a case of morpheme-specific allomorphy. Additionally, though the PG pattern of regressive nasal harmony has been extended to items of Spanish origin, this is not the case for progressive nasalisation. This corpus study provides insight into the specific factors that condition variation in nasalisation processes, contributing to a growing literature investigating variable application of harmony.

Recent reports of glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp pose serious concerns among crop producers in New York. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 near Waterloo, New York, to evaluate the effectiveness of preemergence, postemergence, preemergence followed by (fb) postemergence, and preemergence herbicides fb row cultivation (RC) to control glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp in dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean. In 2019, all two-pass herbicide treatments resulted in significantly reduced GR waterhemp densities (2 to 13 plants m−2) compared with nontreated plots (160 plant m−2) at 8 wk after preemergence/2 wk after postemergence, reductions in shoot dry biomass (85% to 99% of nontreated), and greater soybean grain yields (2,659 to 2,936 kg ha−1). In addition, flumioxazin, acetochlor, chlorimuron + flumioxazin + metribuzin, acetochlor + fomesafen + metribuzin, carfentrazone + sulfentrazone + metribuzin, and S-metolachlor + sulfentrazone + metribuzin applied preemergence resulted in significant reductions in GR waterhemp density (3 to 19 plants m−2) and shoot dry biomass (60% to 98% of nontreated). In 2020, most preemergence (except cloransulam), postemergence only, and preemergence fb postemergence herbicide application strategies resulted in lower densities of GR waterhemp (1 to 46 plants m−2) compared with nontreated plots (104 plants m−2) at 8 wk after preemergence/2wk after postemergence and lower shoot dry biomass (66% to 99% of nontreated). All two-pass strategies as well as metribuzin, acetochlor + fomesafen + metribuzin, carfentrazone + sulfentrazone applied preemergence resulted in higher grain yields (3,343 to 4,244 kg ha−1). These results conclude that two-pass strategies tested in this research can consistently provide effective control of GR waterhemp in DR soybean in New York.

Antarctic ice-free coastal environments, like the Vestfold Hills (East Antarctica), are shaped by a complex interplay of physical processes. This study synthesizes new data and existing research from the Vestfold Hills across marine, terrestrial and cryosphere science, meteorology, geomorphology, coastal oceanography and hydrology to explore interconnected processes ranging from icescape morphology and sediment transport to ocean-floor scouring and ocean-atmosphere interactions. Coastal landforms and habitats result from the interaction of marine dynamics with the aeolian and fluvial transport of glacially derived sediments and geomorphic features. Rocky shorelines dominate the region, and extensive fjords are prominent coastal features, whereas intertidal sediments and beaches are scarce. The marine environment is characterized by slow currents, low-energy waves, annually variable land-fast ice, irregular sedimentation rates and a geomorphologically complex shoreline. Aeolian and fluvial sediment deposition into coastal waters and onto sea ice can significantly impact local ecological and physical processes. Human activity further modifies these dynamics. Ice-free coastal areas such as the Vestfold Hills are predicted to experience substantial environmental shifts due to climate change. Wind speeds, temperature and precipitation are increasing in the Vestfold Hills. Retreating grounded ice sheets are likely to expand this coastal area and increase meltwater and sediment inputs into nearshore marine systems. Concurrently, changes in sea-ice extent, thickness and/or duration may profoundly alter the structure and function of this coastal environment.

The publication rate of abstracts presented at a conference can provide some insight into its academic quality, although it is hardly the sole metric. We evaluated 351 SHEA Spring Conference abstracts; 49.9% were published. Findings demonstrate the strong academic output of SHEA conferences.

Societal challenges such as climate change and health inequalities require complex policy decisions, for which governmental organizations rely on a good information position. Having access to data from various domains is seen as a facilitator of making evidence-informed decisions that are more legitimate and less uncertain. To identify and make data available that is stored at various organizations, stakeholders participate in sociotechnical networks, also known as data ecosystems. Data ecosystems aimed at addressing societal challenges are characterized as complex because knowledge about societal issues is uncertain, information is scattered among (governmental) actors, collaboration extends beyond existing organizational networks, and values and interests of network actors can be conflicting. In this translational article, we examine how to successfully establish and maintain data ecosystems aimed at addressing societal challenges, given these complexities. We analyze two cases of successful data ecosystems in the Netherlands and present five narratives about how these data ecosystems navigated these complexities. We find that establishing collaboration among network actors, using bottom-up approaches, contributed to the success of both cases. The cases created structures in which participants were able prioritize the right questions, find common interests, and work together. The narratives present insights for government officials about collaboration in data ecosystems and add to the literature by highlighting the importance of organizational capabilities.

I introduce the book symposium’s five contributors.

In this paper we compute the r-point Seshadri constant on $\mathbb {P}^1\times \mathbb {P}^1$ for those line bundles where the answer might be expected to be governed by $(-1)$-curves. As a consequence we obtain explicit formulas for the symplectic packing problem for $\mathbb {P}^1\times \mathbb {P}^1$. Some exact values for the r-point Seshadri constant outside the region governed by Mori’s cone theorem are also given. These latter results use a useful new “reflection method”.

In the analysis there is a striking difference between the cases when r is odd and when r is even. When r is even the problem admits an infinite order automorphism, and there are infinitely many $(-1)$-curves to consider. In contrast, when r is odd only a finite number (usually four) types of $(-1)$-curves are relevant to our answer.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally and the most prevalent cancer in women. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based frameworks have shown great promise in correctly classifying breast carcinomas, particularly those that may have been difficult to discern through routine microscopy. Additionally, mitotic number quantification utilizing AI technology is more accurate than manual counting. With its many advantages, such as improved accuracy, efficiency and consistency as shown in this literature review, AI has promise for significantly enhancing breast cancer diagnosis in the clinical world despite the paramount obstacles that must be addressed. Ongoing research and innovation are essential for overcoming these challenges and effectively harnessing AI’s transformative potential in breast cancer detection and assessment.

Antibiotic innovation has slowed. Despite substantial public investment, research and development (R&D) remains insufficient to address rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this historical review, we draw on quantitative and qualitative historiographic methodologies, as well as on testimony from key stakeholders, to reconstruct antibiotic innovation challenges and public interventions since 1980. Emerging in the 1990s and gaining traction around 2010, the “empty antibiotic pipeline” metaphor, as well as its market failure diagnosis, has played a key role in structuring the global R&D response. This reframing described AMR as an incentives-based innovation challenge, which suited industrial and high-income country interests. However, the introduction of so-called push and pull incentives has so far failed to halt the exit of large developers, sustain diversified R&D ecosystems, or address global access challenges. This article explores challenges and conflicts involved in the implementation of the incentives-based innovation approach alongside the ever-greater subsidies required to stabilise small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and attract larger pharmaceutical companies and investment from financial markets. Several SME bankruptcies since 2019 and the mothballing of novel compounds suggest that this is an unsustainable innovation model. This article also explores whether public interventions have been insufficient or whether there is a deeper problem with the central metaphor structuring global action.

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to stress and depression, which can negatively impact birth outcomes and maternal care practices. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of stress, depression and common mental disorders among pregnant women in East Lombok, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was part of the Action Against Stunting Hub. Data on maternal characteristics, dietary intake, anthropometry and biochemical status were collected. Mental health was assessed during the second and third trimesters using validated instruments, the Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Self-Reporting Questionnaire. The prevalence of maternal stress, depression and common mental disorder (CMD) was 86·3 %, 26·5 % and 29·7 %, respectively. CMD was associated with iron deficiency (aOR 1·61) and not receiving government assistance (aOR 1·48). Low adherence to a healthy and diverse diet, i.e. limited intake of grains, tubers, eggs, fruits and vegetables, was associated with increased odds of antenatal stress (aOR 1·59) and CMD (aOR 1·60). For depression, significant factors included higher maternal education (aOR 2·27), low-to-moderate social support (aOR 1·72) and adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern characterised by high sugar and fat intake (aOR 1·47). Targeted nutrition interventions, including food-based dietary recommendations and social safety net programs, are essential during pregnancy to support nutrient intake. In addition to addressing iron deficiency, integrated approaches that promote dietary diversity, provide government support to low-income households and strengthen social support networks are recommended to improve maternal mental health outcomes.

During the Second World War, Allied-occupied Italy became the setting for a wide range of intimate encounters between local women and the occupiers, especially American soldiers. These relationships – ranging from romantic and consensual to transactional and coercive – reflected complex interactions with perceived ‘otherness’ and exposed tensions around race, gender, and power. US authorities, concerned about its social, cultural, and political implications, monitored ‘fraternisation’ closely. This article explores these dynamics by examining US Army marriage regulations and oral history interviews with Italian women who married American soldiers. Women’s experiences – shaped by region, class, and individual circumstance – represent a spectrum ranging from disillusionment to long-term partnership. These narratives offer a complex portrait of gender relations under occupation, revealing how military policy also intersected with and shaped the everyday lives of women during occupation.