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3443016 results

Page 305 of 172151

  • 7 - Conclusions: Moving beyond segregated localities

  • Madeleine Leonard
  • Book:
    Teens and territory in ‘post-conflict’ Belfast
    Published by:
    Manchester University Press
    Published online:
    31 March 2026, pp 157-164

  • Summary

    This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book illuminates how teenagers growing up in Belfast construct, produce, perceive and experience place. It focuses on 'location' and outlines the evolution and development of interface locations as segregated spaces. The book outlines a range of spatial practices that young people engage in to sustain, reclaim or reappropriate local spaces. It moves to the city centre of Belfast, further illuminating that young people's sense of place is not homogeneous but multi-dimensional as they demonstrate their spatial and embodied attachment to different landscapes. The book shows how social relationships are inherently spatial and how identities, while multiple and shifting, are influenced by place and impact on it. The interactional processes which give identity meaning are often embodied and spatially emplaced.

  • 3 - Abstract from the concrete: Capitalism spiralling out of control

  • Edited by Alberta Andreotti, David Benassi, Yuri Kazepov
  • Book:
    Western capitalism in transition
    Published by:
    Manchester University Press
    Published online:
    31 March 2026, pp 45-60

  • Summary

    In this chapter, the authors describe in detail how the developers get together with lawyers and construction companies, with financiers, landowners and state officials. They also describe how to launch fantastic megaprojects that require masses of cement even as they spark protests from evicted homeowners and tenants. China absorbed a massive amount of labour by launching a huge urbanisation and infrastructure development programme, building whole new cities, more strongly connecting southern and northern markets, developing the interior so that it was much better linked to the coast. The Chinese camp effectively rescued capitalism from a threat of deep depression through massive urbanisation and investment in infrastructure. The crisis of over-accumulation of both capital and labour in the period after 1848 was solved by transformations in lifestyle as well as transformations in the built environment.

  • Diet Quality Attenuates the Association Between Flavonoid Intake and Hepatic Steatosis Risk in the Framingham Heart Study

  • Vincent Gao, Paul F. Jacques, Jiantao Ma
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Accepted manuscript
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2026, pp. 1-23
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  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Flavonoids may offer protective benefits, but the role of overall diet quality in modulating this remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 2,815 participants from the Framingham Heart Study. Hepatic steatosis was defined by liver-to-phantom ratio < 0.33 using multidetector computed tomography. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency-questionnaire, and intake of six flavonoid subclasses and total flavonoid was estimated using the USDA database. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between flavonoid intake quartiles and hepatic steatosis, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates, followed by additional models adjusting for a priori dietary quality indexes: the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), the Mediterranean-style diet score (MDS), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score (DASH). Higher intake of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavonoid polymers, and total flavonoids are associated with lower odds of hepatic steatosis (Ptrend < 0.05), with up to 40% reduced odds at the highest quartiles before adjustment for diet quality. After adjustments, associations attenuated and lost statistical significance. The attenuation does not rule out a potential protective role of flavonoids; it may indicate that higher flavonoid intake is an important element of a broader healthy diet. Alternatively, the associations could be confounded by other components of diet which may independently reduce steatosis risk. Nonetheless, these findings underscore the importance of promoting flavonoid-rich diets in the context of overall healthy diet and support further investigation in prospective and interventional studies targeting MASLD prevention.

  • Policy shift toward mandatory premarital screening in a Middle Eastern country: agenda- setting through the lens of Kingdon’s multiple streams framework

  • Zainab Al Kindi, Joshua Muliira
  • Journal:
    Health Economics, Policy and Law , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2026, pp. 1-7
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  • Premarital screening policies are increasingly adopted to prevent hereditary disorders in populations with high consanguinity. In Oman, a Middle Eastern country with significant sickle cell disease prevalence, the shift toward mandatory premarital screening emerged through a strategic policy process influenced by cultural, tribal, and religious values. In this context, premarital screening offers a critical opportunity for early detection and informed reproductive decision-making. This paper provides an explanatory analysis of the agenda-setting process that enabled the formal adoption of compulsory premarital screening for genetic disorders, using Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) as an analytical lens. The analysis demonstrates how hereditary blood disorders, in particular Sickle cell disease (SCD), transitioned from a socially normalised condition to a recognised public health and socioeconomic problem, and how a technically feasible and ethically sensitive policy solution was advanced. Oman’s case illustrates how preventive health policies targeting socially sensitive issues can gain traction through stream convergence, and incremental reframing.

  • Perceptions of the Church of England among Clergy and Laity Three Years after the COVID-19 Lockdowns

  • Andrew Village, Leslie J. Francis
  • Journal:
    Journal of Anglican Studies , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2026, pp. 1-22
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  • A convenience sample of 2874 clergy and lay people from the Church of England was asked about the state of their congregation in 2024, some 3 years after the end of lockdown restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceptions were assessed by three distinct but correlated scales, one related to perceived changes in numbers, the second to the fragility of churches and the third to the general state of churches in terms of numbers, mood and finances. Scores on these scales were related to both subjective and objective factors. The main subjective predictor of pessimistic scores was emotional volatility, a measure of trait neuroticism. The main objective predictors were church tradition and congregation size. Evangelicals were generally more optimistic compared with those from Anglo-Catholic or Broad-Church traditions. Pessimism declined as congregation size increased, up to about 150, when it remained constant.

  • Surgical versus transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement after tetralogy of Fallot repair: a clinical decision analysis comparison

  • Yibei Zhu, Samuel M. Hoenig, Kunaal S. Sarnaik, Shivni Patel, Karl F. Welke, Brian McCrindle, Rashed Mahboubi, Miza Salim Hammoud, Tara Karamlou
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young / Volume 36 / Issue 2 / February 2026
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2026, pp. 359-364
  • Objective:

    The choice between transcatheter and surgical pulmonary valve replacement for young adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who develop significant pulmonary valve insufficiency is challenging. Decision analytic modelling may be used to simulate long-term outcomes and suggest influential clinical thresholds for decision-making. A Markov model was constructed to compare the 5-year outcomes for a hypothetical cohort of 18-year-old patients.

    Methods:

    A Markov model was constructed to simulate 10,000 hypothetical patients undergoing either transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement or surgical pulmonary valve replacement. Model inputs were abstracted from contemporary literature on the 5-year horizon. Outputs were used to derive an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity and threshold analyses were performed to identify factors that would hypothetically change management.

    Results:

    From modelling, surgical pulmonary valve replacement had superior survival, lower incidence of endocarditis, and lower reintervention rate compared to transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement at 5 years. Surgical pulmonary valve replacement yielded lower cumulative postprocedural costs ($10,767 versus $14,528) and greater quality-adjusted life years (3.16 versus 3.12 QALYs) than transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement. The calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (−88,743$/QALY) identified surgical pulmonary valve replacement as the preferred strategy at baseline. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement would be the preferred strategy if either the post-transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement endocarditis rate or the post-transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement surgical reintervention rate were reduced to 0%/month.

    Conclusions:

    Comprehensive modelling of diverse outcomes showed that surgical pulmonary valve replacement had superior mid-term cost-effectiveness outcomes compared to transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for young adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary valve regurgitation. Sensitivity analysis found that the prevalence of post-transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement endocarditis and post-transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement surgical reintervention were influential outcomes for centres to consider when choosing between these strategies.

  • 4 - Look back at empire: British theatre and imperial decline

  • Edited by Stuart Ward
  • Book:
    British culture and the end of empire
    Published by:
    Manchester University Press
    Published online:
    31 March 2026, pp 73-90

  • Summary

    The Suez crisis in 1956 provided an imperial target for the rage of the Angry Young Men. Anthony Hartley describes the response of left-intellectuals to Suez as one of 'hysterical rage'. After South Sea Bubble opened, John Osborne's Look Back in Anger began previewing at the Royal Court. This play divides twentieth-century British theatre into before and after, a gateway between the star-ridden conservatism of West End and the challenging progressiveness of the popular art theatre, centred on the Royal Court. The critics have even claimed that by challenging the glittering, complacently imperialist West End, dominated as it was by the elegantly powerful producer 'Binkie' Beaumont, the New Wave was striking a blow for colonial freedom. In the 1920s, as the first waves of widespread criticism of imperialism began to be felt, a new justification of empire was launched, in the form of Frederick Lugard's 'dual mandate' thesis.

  • 10 - Arguing about Hola Camp: The rhetorical consequences of a colonial massacre

  • Edited by Martin Thomas, Richard Toye
  • Book:
    Rhetorics of empire
    Published by:
    Manchester University Press
    Published online:
    31 March 2026, pp 187-207

  • Summary

    The 'Hola Camp massacre', which took place in Kenya's Coast Province, was one of the most notorious scandals in British colonial history. Understanding the rhetoric of Hola requires an appreciation of developments in Africa during Lennox-Boyd's 1954-1959 term of office. Lennox-Boyd may not have been a liberal, but he was definitely a paternalist, and he was certainly attempting to negotiate the shoals of decolonization. If he did not fully share this interpretation of the myth, then, his rhetoric was certainly shaped with at least one eye on appealing to it. He argued that it had been morally incumbent upon the authorities to launch the process of mass psychological cleansing of the detainees. The chapter outlines the story of events at Hola, as it had emerged by the time of the final major Commons debate on the scandal in July 1959.

  • Genetic sensitivity to the environment moderates the impact of positive and negative childhood experiences on psychological adjustment “for good and for bad”

  • Pilar Torrecilla, Valeria Lavín, Angelo Arias-Magnasco, Bochao Danae Lin, Claudia Menne-Lothmann, Jeroen Decoster, Ruud van Winkel, Dina Collip, Philippe Delespaul, Marc De Hert, Catherine Derom, Every Thiery, Nele Jacobs, Jim van Os, Bart Rutten, Sinan Guloksuz, Neus Barrantes-Vidal
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 69 / Issue 1 / 2026
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2026, e41
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Background

    The vulnerability–stress framework guiding gene–environment interaction (GxE) research overlooks the role of positive experiences. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model offers a broader perspective, suggesting that individuals vary in sensitivity to both negative and positive environments. This study aimed at replicating previous DS research by examining interactions between polygenic scores for environmental sensitivity (PGS-ES) and positive and negative early exposures on subclinical psychosis and internalizing psychopathology, functioning, and wellbeing.

    Methods

    The sample consisted of 638 twins from the first wave of the TwinssCan study, a general population twin cohort. PGS-ES and adversity, bullying and positive experiences in childhood were collected, along with assessments of psychotic, affective, functioning, and positive mental health. GxE interactions were tested under a competitive–confirmatory approach.

    Results

    DS effects were found for the interactions between PGS-ES and all environmental exposures on schizotypic eccentricity and functioning. Adolescents with high genetic sensitivity were rated as more eccentric and less functional under childhood adversity but were rated as less eccentric and better adjusted under childhood favorable conditions. DS also resulted from the interaction between PGS-ES and positive childhood on social coping. No significant models emerged for internalizing or wellbeing.

    Conclusion

    Findings overall supported DS, indicating that genetic sensitivity to the environment operates in a “for better and for worse” manner depending on the quality of environmental exposures. It extends initial evidence that DS applies to nonclinical psychosis expression and highlights the importance of considering the full spectrum of environmental conditions to understand both risk and opportunity factors in GxE.

Page 305 of 172151