Dyckia ibiramensis is an endemic species from southern Brazil, known for its ability to adapt to extreme environmental variations. This study reports the development of species-specific microsatellite markers and the assembly and annotation of the plastid genome of D. ibiramensis, aiming to generate new genomic resources useful for studies on the conservation and evolution of this endangered species. A total of 33,112 microsatellite loci were identified, of which 10 were selected and validated for genotyping 30 individuals from natural populations, showing high genetic variability. These 10 microsatellite markers were very informative for the evaluation of genetic variability. These microsatellite markers evidenced moderate to high genetic diversity at the individual level, low population differentiation, and the capacity of the species to recover population size from ancient genetic bottlenecks. The assembled plastid genome revealed conserved structures and the occurrence of features at the gene level, likely related to stress response to environmental conditions. This study expands the understanding of the genetics of D. ibiramensis, highlighting the importance of genomic strategies for the conservation of endangered species. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies should be used to avoid the extinction of this endemic southern Brazilian genetic resource in nature.

This article reflects on my experience recovering and organising two judicial archives in Uganda — the High Court and Mengo Court archives — which had long been neglected due to bureaucratic disinterest and legal hierarchies inherited from the colonial period. Together, these archives contained over 150,000 uncatalogued case files documenting how ordinary Ugandans used both native and colonial British courts to contest injustice and claim rights. Their exclusion from formal archives was not incidental; it reflected a legal order that considered British colonial statutes, appellate decisions and English-language records as authoritative expression of law, while dismissing native court records, as informal without precedential value and unworthy of preservation. Drawing on critical scholarship and my own archival experience, I argue that the archive of law should not be seen merely as a collection of sources or as sites of power and knowledge, but as a space where legal authority and legitimacy are produced, preserved, and erased. The recovery of these records not only unearthed a neglected legal history shaped by ordinary people but also challenges dominant narratives of legal authority in Africa. This work also exposed the omissions in the archival collections, the influence of colonial memory, and the importance of vernacular legal records for both historical research and contemporary legal practice.

This study examines how university curriculum reforms that increase course selection flexibility influence entrepreneurial outcomes. Departing from traditional emphasis on educational attainment, we explore how institutional changes in education shape entrepreneurial tendencies among alumni. Leveraging a reform that removed constraints on course selection at a major university, we find that increased educational choice significantly fosters entrepreneurship. Our analysis reveals partial support for the moderating effects of individual, family, and spatial factors: the positive impact of these reforms is contingent on the type of electives and courses taken, with stronger effects observed among alumni with entrepreneurial parents, those born in urban areas, and those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. These groups leverage specific course patterns to align their educational choices with entrepreneurial aspirations, enhancing their likelihood of pursuing entrepreneurial ventures. However, these findings also underscore the potential for educational reforms to exacerbate inequalities, disproportionately benefiting those with preexisting advantages. By integrating insights on institutional changes, course-taking patterns, and individual moderators, this study advances understanding of the interplay between education and entrepreneurship, offering implications for designing more equitable educational policies.

Viscous fingering is a hydrodynamic instability typically occurring when a less viscous fluid displaces a more viscous one and which deforms the interface between the two fluids into finger-shaped intrusions. For miscible fluids, the fingering pattern is usually followed visually by adding a passive dye into one of the two fluids. The reverse displacement of a less viscous fluid by a more viscous one is classically stable, featuring a planar interface. Here, we show experimentally that in some cases, the dye can actively modify the viscosity of a polymer solution and trigger fingering in the reverse displacement. This dye-induced destabilisation is shown to be due to double-diffusive effects triggering a non-monotonic viscosity profile with a maximum because the dye diffuses faster than the polymer.

The Grothendieck construction establishes an equivalence between fibrations, a.k.a. fibred categories and indexed categories and is one of the fundamental results of category theory. Cockett and Cruttwell introduced the notion of fibrations into the context of tangent categories and proved that the fibres of a tangent fibration inherit a tangent structure from the total tangent category. The main goal of this paper is to provide a Grothendieck construction for tangent fibrations. Our first attempt will focus on providing a correspondence between tangent fibrations and indexed tangent categories, which are collections of tangent categories and tangent morphisms indexed by the objects and morphisms of a base tangent category. We will show that this construction inverts Cockett and Cruttwell’s result, but it does not provide a full equivalence between these two concepts. In order to understand how to define a genuine Grothendieck equivalence in the context of tangent categories, inspired by Street’s formal approach to monad theory we introduce a new concept: tangent objects. We show that tangent fibrations arise as tangent objects of a suitable $2$-category and we employ this characterisation to lift the Grothendieck construction between fibrations and indexed categories to a genuine Grothendieck equivalence between tangent fibrations and tangent indexed categories.

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) studies of power-law (PL) fluids are performed for purely viscous-shear-thinning ($n\in [0.5,0.75]$), Newtonian ($n=1$) and purely viscous-shear-thickening ($n=2.0$) fluids, considering two Reynolds numbers ($Re_{\tau }\in [395,590]$), and both smooth and rough surfaces. We carefully designed a numerical experiment to isolate key effects and simplify the complex problem of turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids over rough surfaces, enabling the development of a theoretical model to explain the observed phenomena and provide predictions. The DNS results of the present work were validated against literature data for smooth and rough Newtonian turbulent flows, as well as smooth shear-thinning cases. A new analytical expression for the mean velocity profile – extending the classical Blasius $1/7$ profile to power-law fluids – was proposed and validated. In contrast to common belief, the decrease in $n$ leads to smaller Kolmogorov length scales and the formation of larger structures, requiring finer grids and longer computational domains for accurate simulations. Our results confirm that purely viscous shear-thinning fluids exhibit drag reduction, while shear-thickening fluids display an opposite trend. Interestingly, we found that viscous-thinning turbulence shares similarities with Newtonian transitional flows, resembling the behaviour of shear-thinning, extensional-thickening viscoelastic fluids. This observation suggests that the extensional and elastic effects in turbulent flows within constant cross-section geometries may not be significant. However, the shear-thickening case exhibits characteristics similar to high-Reynolds-number Newtonian turbulence, suggesting that phenomena observed in such flows could be studied at significantly lower Reynolds numbers, reducing computational costs. In the analysis of rough channels, we found that the recirculation bubble between two roughness elements is mildly influenced by the thinning nature of the fluid. Moreover, we observed that shear-thinning alters the flow in the fully rough regime, where the friction factor typically reaches a plateau. Our results indicate the possibility that, at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers, this plateau may not exist for shear-thinning fluids. Finally, we provide detailed turbulence statistics for different rheologies, allowing, for the first time, an in-depth study of the effects of rheology on turbulent flow over rough surfaces.

A common feature of public policy in Australia in recent decades has been use of wage caps to restrain public sector wage growth. In this paper we explore the nature of the relationship between wage growth in public and private sectors, and thereby whether wage caps have also influenced private sector wage growth. Despite the differences in wage setting institutions and mechanisms, analysis presented reveals that private and public sector wage growth are closely entwined at the aggregate level for Australia, and in all states and territories. Naïve Vector Error Correction Models identify the private sector as the long run wage leader for Australia and half the states and territories. However, after controlling for a structural break occurring during the COVID-19 era, our results indicate that joint or bi-directional wage leadership between both sectors is the norm. Findings suggest that wage caps implemented after the GFC to suppress public sector wage growth likely spilled over to the private sector, contributing to widespread wage stagnation experienced throughout the 2010s. More recently, these public sector wage caps stifled the ability of public sector wages to adjust to rapid private sector wage growth. These findings have important policy implications for public sector wage policy as a key contributor to governments’ labour market and macroeconomic management.

The green lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben–Peterson) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a polyphagous predator, is an effective biocontrol agent against various aphid species. Its efficacy was assessed against Pterochloroides persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a major pest of peach and nectarine orchards. This study investigates the developmental biology, population growth parameters, host-kill dynamics, and aphid consumption by C. zastrowi sillemi when fed on P. persicae. The development of C. zastrowi sillemi stages was recorded, with egg, larval instar, and adult durations averaging 2.21, 3.71, 2.29, and 3.21 days, respectively. Adult longevity was 34.33 days for males and 42.12 days for females. The female pre-ovipositional period was 6.25 days, with a total ovipositional period of 21.88 days. Population growth parameters indicated a true generation time of 35.39 ± 0.322 days, intrinsic rate of increase of 0.110 and a net reproductive rate of 52.64. A total fecundity of 131.77 eggs per female was recorded. The consumption of P. persicae by the first, second and third larval instars of C. zastrowi sillemi was 18.36, 25.07, and 85.21 aphids, respectively, with the third instar being the most voracious. The net predation rate was 90.868 aphids per day, with a transformation rate of 1.84 aphids per offspring produced. These results highlight the probability of C. zastrowi sillemi as a potential biocontrol agent for P. persicae management in agro-ecosystems, offering insights into its predation behaviour, reproductive parameters and will be useful in conducting further field evaluations before formulating it in integrated pest management programme.

Good welfare is of inherent value to all captive animals and promotes species conservation objectives. Concern for animal welfare is growing globally, and research shows that animal welfare is a top priority for zoo visitors. There is, therefore, an urgent need for zoos to develop and validate species-specific welfare assessment tools with a shift in focus away from avoiding negative affective states, and towards promoting positive ones. This shift in emphasis requires the development of comprehensive and robust welfare assessment protocols incorporating species-specific indicators. This study aimed to identify and propose welfare indicators for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) that could be used to adapt the EU Welfare Quality® protocol for this species. A literature review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the authors followed the principles of a systematic review to identify a comprehensive set of welfare indicators for this species. Overall, 14 animal-based and 16 resource-based indicators are proposed to assess the 12 criteria and four principles of Welfare Quality®. This study represents the first effort to adapt the EU Welfare Quality® protocol to assess captive chimpanzee welfare and illustrates how this protocol can be adapted to develop a taxon-specific welfare assessment tool once species-specific natural history and biology are considered.

Theology has traditionally been understood as a speculative discipline centered on God. However, the increasing dominance of historical methods in modern theological inquiry raises a fundamental question: Has theology shifted from being a science of God to a study of historical documents? This article examines how four early 20th-century Dominicans from the Saulchoir—Antoine Lemonnyer, Mannès Jacquin, Marie-Benoît Schwalm, and Ambroise Gardeil—responded to this challenge. Writing in the context of the Modernist crisis, they defended the primacy of speculative theology while integrating historical studies within a Thomistic framework. Their work articulated a synthesis in which historical research serves theology without displacing its speculative and supernatural character. These insights remain relevant for contemporary theological discourse, offering a model for balancing historical inquiry with the contemplative and systematic study of God.

This text accompanies the performance A Foot, A Mouth, A Hundred Billion Stars, which premiered at the Lapworth Museum of Geology in the United Kingdom on 18 March 2023, as part of the Flatpack film festival. It includes both the text and a film version, developed during a residency at the museum. Over 18 months, I had full access to the collection and archives, selecting objects that served as prompts for stories about time and memory. A central theme of the work is slippage – misremembering and misunderstanding – as a generative methodology for exploring the connection between the collection, our past, and possible futures.

A Foot, A Mouth, A Hundred Billion Stars combines analogue media and digital technologies to examine our understanding of remembering and forgetting. I used a live digital feed and two analogue slide projectors to explore the relationships between image and memory. This article does not serve as a guide to the performance but instead reflects on the process and the ideas behind the work. My goal is to share my practice of rethinking memory through direct engagement with materials. In line with the performance’s tangential narrative, this text weaves together diverse references, locations, thoughts, and ideas, offering a deeper look into the conceptual framework of the work.

The next-generation radio astronomy instruments are providing a massive increase in sensitivity and coverage, largely through increasing the number of stations in the array and the frequency span sampled. The two primary problems encountered when processing the resultant avalanche of data are the need for abundant storage and the constraints imposed by I/O, as I/O bandwidths drop significantly on cold storage. An example of this is the data deluge expected from the SKA Telescopes of more than 60 PB per day, all to be stored on the buffer filesystem. While compressing the data is an obvious solution, the impacts on the final data products are hard to predict. In this paper, we chose an error-controlled compressor – MGARD – and applied it to simulated SKA-Mid and real pathfinder visibility data, in noise-free and noise-dominated regimes. As the data have an implicit error level in the system temperature, using an error bound in compression provides a natural metric for compression. MGARD ensures the compression incurred errors adhere to the user-prescribed tolerance. To measure the degradation of images reconstructed using the lossy compressed data, we proposed a list of diagnostic measures, exploring the trade-off between these error bounds and the corresponding compression ratios, as well as the impact on science quality derived from the lossy compressed data products through a series of experiments. We studied the global and local impacts on the output images for continuum and spectral line examples. We found relative error bounds of as much as 10%, which provide compression ratios of about 20, have a limited impact on the continuum imaging as the increased noise is less than the image RMS, whereas a 1% error bound (compression ratio of 8) introduces an increase in noise of about an order of magnitude less than the image RMS. For extremely sensitive observations and for very precious data, we would recommend a $0.1\%$ error bound with compression ratios of about 4. These have noise impacts two orders of magnitude less than the image RMS levels. At these levels, the limits are due to instabilities in the deconvolution methods. We compared the results to the alternative compression tool DYSCO, in both the impacts on the images and in the relative flexibility. MGARD provides better compression for similar error bounds and has a host of potentially powerful additional features.