This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book explores the rhetorical devices used by political and military leaders, administrators, investors and lobbyists to justify colonial domination before domestic and foreign audiences. It investigates the ways in which notorious instances of colonial violence and counter-violence were depicted in the international public sphere. The book also explores discourses of imperialist modernization and the language of 'civilizing', and examines the means by which opponents of colonialism mobilized alternative rhetorics of rights and freedoms to challenge imperialist claims. The languages of humanitarianism, development and 'international community' that shape the understandings of world affairs today are to a great extent the product of the symbiotic relationship between pro- and anti-empire rhetorics that dominated much of the twentieth century.

This chapter focuses on to the impact of place on teenagers' social relations within and between the localities in which they reside. It discusses the young people's perception and experience of sectarianism, including how, for some, identifying who is a Catholic and who is a Protestant remains a practice engaged in by some teenagers from both communities. The chapter describes more negative aspects of territoriality and young people's perceptions of the presence and persistence of sectarianism. The term 'sectarianism' was used repeatedly by young people writing essays to describe the 'bad aspects of growing up in Belfast'. Many young people recounted how they often brought more general cues into play in order to distinguish between Catholics and Protestants. During the research carried out in 2004-2005 many teenagers discussed how the areas where they lived were deprived of recreational facilities.

This section presents an annotated critical edition of Un reo de muerte , one of the ‘artículos de costumbres’, a type of satirical sketch that was popular in nineteenth-century Europe, by the Romantic journalist Mariano José de Larra (1809–37).

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on the myths associated with Charlotte Bronte's life. It examines the origins of the impulse to seek 'Charlotte' in Haworth. The book examines commemorative poetry and fictional biographies to trace how the idea of the ghostly frames understandings of Charlotte Bronte's afterlife. It identifies Elizabeth Gaskell's biography, with its repeated references to folk tales and superstitions, and the uncanny qualities of the Bronte home, as stimulating the idea of Charlotte Bronte as haunted and haunting. The book explores the important cultural influence of Villette, a novel not widely read by general readers, unlike Jane Eyre. It highlights how women publishing fiction and political writing between 1910 and 1940 valued Bronte's model of a working woman offered by Lucy Snowe as they reinterpreted and reworked the oblique feminist message of Villette.

This chapter argues that the transformation of social structures and that of welfare-state regimes have to be considered together. It discusses the relevance of social class analysis in the face of the fragmentation produced by changing work relations, the growth of the service sector, the expansion of the middle classes, and changes in the gender and ethno-racial composition of the workforce. The chapter also discusses the effects of urban segregation first on the cohesion of social groups and the relations between them, secondly on urban inequalities. Particular attention is paid to issues of education inequalities linked to segregation. The chapter debates the transformation of welfare regimes, showing that the analysis of the present movement of neoliberalisation has to take into consideration the complexity of scales and social forces beyond the different levels of government.

Few would dispute that the spatial concentration of poverty reinforces constraints that keep people in deprivation. In this chapter, the authors explore the relationship between space and inequality at the level of the small area and discuss the extent to which spatial interventions can contribute to greater equity. They specify a typology of perspectives on spatial causality that can be distilled from the current urban studies literature; these are cultural, political-economic and institutional. The authors interrogate these three perspectives by analysing the two strikingly disparate cases of capitalist housing markets in the United States and public housing in Singapore. They use these extremely different examples as a natural experiment to illustrate the equity implications of two dramatically different approaches to dealing with the issue of spatial inequality.