The impact of the Lisbon Treaty on the role of the Oireachtas, chronologically earlier than the financial crisis on domestic law has been somewhat more technical in nature. The economic crisis brought with it major implications for the role of national parliaments across Europe. Ireland became one of the countries hardest hit by the financial and sovereign debt crises. A select committee takes the view that a European Union (EU) institution's act infringes subsidiarity and wishes proceedings reviewing the act to be brought to the European Court of Justice, it must lay a corresponding report before the relevant House. The Joint Oireachtas Committee of Inquiry into the Banking Crisis conducted an investigation into the banking crisis of 2008 onwards, engaging with that end with former ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet.

During the first half of Queen Victoria's reign, the word was associated more readily with despotic continental empires, including the Holy Roman Empire, than with the dominions of Queen Victoria. The early Victorians directed their abundant political energies chiefly towards free trade and parliamentary reform. Their ideals lay rather in the direction of universal peace than of universal dominion. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was their exuberant assertion of British commercial and industrial supremacy, not a display of imperial power. W. H. Russell's condemnation of British ferocity had less effect on public opinion than his exposure of maladministration during the Crimean War. The Mutiny evoked a fierce determination to assert the British right, the right of conquest, to rule India. British rule in India, J. R. Seeley regarded with mixed astonishment and practicality.

Hunting was an important part of the pre-colonial economy and diet of many African peoples. Some anthropologists (notably Thayer Scudder and Stuart Marks working in Zambia) have noted the significance of both gathering and hunting among agriculturalists, but historians have generally studied African societies in terms of their principal mode of production. Hunting had a much wider significance than simply the supply of protein or trade goods for export. The social relations and ritualistic powers associated with hunting were complex. Hunting had long been an important activity among the southern Nguni. From the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth century Dutch settlers had been buying ivory from them, indicating that they were capable of exploiting the elephant resources of the region by that time. The Bemba of north-eastern Zambia provide an example of high commitment to hunting no longer matched by performance.

This chapter explores the ways in which the outlook of feminism in Australia was crucially shaped by the historical context of the frontier. It suggests that the frontier, as a conceptual and geographical space, acquired its meaning within an imperial as well as national context. The chapter argues the importance of gender relations and the family to the imperial project in Australia and conversely the centrality of colonialism to gender politics and feminism in the settler colonies. In the early twentieth century, feminist writers often portrayed strong women as the backbone of rural pioneering communities, offering models for Australian women to come. In feminist discourse, the heroic pioneer was exposed as the average, ordinary white man. Temperance reform assumed a particularly important place in the politics of frontier feminism. Frontier feminism tended to be more concerned with the condition of mothers and wives than the tribulations of spinsters.

This chapter explores the many ways Mexico became central in Ginsberg’s poetic evolution. Inspired by the example of his mentor, William S. Burroughs, Ginsberg visited several archaeological sites in Mexico such as Palenque, which inspired one of his most successful early poems, “Siesta in Xbalba.” Ginsberg traveled widely throughout the country and continued the mystical quest which began with his experience of “cosmic consciousness” in Harlem in 1948 as he read the poetry of William Blake. In poems such as “Paterson,” Ginsberg wrote that he “would rather go mad, gone down the dark road to Mexico, heroin dripping/in my veins,/eyes and ears full of marijuana, /eating the god Peyote…” than endure his life in America. Ginsberg read widely in the history of culture of Mexico, and his poems as well as his journals reveal the profound effect Mexico would have on his life and work.

Canadian inter-provincial rivalries sometimes provoked federal reminders that provincial agents should co-operate and avoid an 'overdose of energy' since 'an emigrant for any Province is an emigrant for Canada'. Scotland was well integrated into the agency network. The recruitment of emigrants by agents and contractors had a long and controversial history. The ignorance of booking agents was criticized by James Moir, a former booking agent and librarian from Bo'Ness, West Lothian, in a letter to Robert Forke, the Canadian Minister of Immigration, in 1927. In the fragile post-war labour market booking agents were even more severely criticized for issuing misleading information and recruiting emigrants for urban-industrial, rather than agricultural, employment. In 1920 Smith reiterated and enlarged on his pre-war observations, complaining that recruitment tactics had not been modernized in response to the increasing sophistication of potential emigrants.

Overshadowed by other international journeys, Ginsberg’s six months traveling alone through South America in 1960 have been relatively neglected by biographers and critics. However, recent editions and new research enable a better understanding of the literary and political significance of his geographic and drug trips in the region. The long-delayed publication of his South American Journals in 2019 reveals how prescient Ginsberg was to see the visionary value of ayahuasca (aka yagé), the indigenous psychedelic, set against the policing of reality by a materialistic world. His journals also show the full extent of his spiritual crisis in South America and his difficulties in finding a poetic form to express his experiences. Although The Yage Letters has been neglected by Ginsberg scholars, the complex backstory of the book of South American trips he coauthored with William S. Burroughs reveals a much greater role in its creation.

Allen Ginsberg read, reread, and approached the work of Walt Whitman throughout his life. How should we understand the overtly acknowledged relationship between these two poets? This chapter suggests that at the same time as one can trace the references Ginsberg makes to Whitman in his poems, compare and contrast the focus of each, or consider the parallels between the poetics of the two, we can also understand (the sometimes unsavory) Whitman in the (sometimes unsavory) Ginsberg canon as a screen onto which Ginsberg projected his ideas of his own literary ethos and significance.