Two years on from the implementation of the Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Act (ADMCA) 2015, significant legal uncertainty persists in Ireland’s acute hospitals for the care of people who lack capacity to consent to treatment. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists must navigate a legal landscape where clear lacunae have emerged in the regulation of frequently encountered clinical scenarios. We identify three of these – eating disorders requiring refeeding, refusal of life-saving treatment, and unsafe discharges – where neither the ADMCA nor the Mental Health Act 2001 provide legal authority to intervene. In such cases, the Inherent Jurisdiction of the High Court has become the default mechanism for authorising treatment or deprivation of liberty, raising serious concerns about proportionality, clinical delays and uncertainty, cost, and consistency. We also consider a fourth category of patients who require immediate life-saving treatment, and the legal status of Advance Healthcare Directives in this context. Many of the patients who fall into these categories will have an established or suspected mental illness requiring the clinical input of a consultation-liaison psychiatry team.

We contrast Ireland’s evolving capacity legislation with developments in England and Wales. Reflecting on these comparisons, we consider the proposed Protection of Liberty Safeguards may provide some clarification but also contain potential risks of becoming unwieldy and bureaucratic and still fail to provide a workable statutory basis for authorising medical treatment in acute hospital settings. A proportionate, patient-centred, and clinically usable legal framework remains urgently needed.

This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore dietary habits among healthcare workers during night shifts and to identify individual and environmental factors that influence their dietary behaviour during night shifts. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-five healthcare night female workers, which were recruited via email invitations from managers and posters placed in central workplaces at a university medical centre in the Netherlands. The interview protocol was developed following an integrated behaviour change model focusing on individual (I-Change model, i.e., awareness, motivation, intention, and ability) and environmental (Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention at environmental level (EnRG), i.e., physical, policy-related, economic, and sociocultural) factors. Inductive analyses were conducted to explore dietary habits, while deductive thematic analysis was applied to identify potential factors influencing dietary behaviour. Female healthcare workers in night shifts generally made poorer dietary choices during night shifts than during other shifts. Seven key themes were coded for dietary behaviour. Based on the domains of the integrated behaviour change model, four individual and five environmental key themes were established, within which 41 sub-themes were coded. Key individual factors included awareness (i.e., lack of knowledge about timing and type of consumption) and motivation (i.e., attitude and efficacy to eat healthy). Critical environmental factors included physical and sociocultural work environment, organisation of work, and lack of organisational policies. To conclude, future dietary interventions for healthcare night workers should target both individual behaviours and the workplace environment, with an emphasis on raising awareness and enhancing organisational policies to promote healthy dietary habits.

This article explores the challenge of financially advantaged spouses concealing assets within corporate structures during divorce proceedings, using the English legal framework as a reference point for potential reforms in Ghana. Although Ghana has made significant strides in ensuring the equitable distribution of marital property, these efforts may be insufficient if the concealment of personal or marital assets within corporate entities is not adequately addressed. The study focuses on the English legal distinction between piercing and lifting the corporate veil. It highlights that while piercing the corporate veil is a stringent measure used sparingly and typically in cases of fraud or evasion, lifting the veil is more pertinent in matrimonial disputes for revealing the actual control and ownership of assets. The article advocates for a clearer and more systematic application of the veil-lifting principles in Ghanaian law to expose hidden marital and personal assets effectively. By adopting these principles, Ghana can strengthen its legal framework to ensure a more equitable distribution of marital assets and achieve fairer outcomes in divorce proceedings.

We report a rare case of coronary sinus ostium atresia diagnosed due to impaired cardiac function caused by Marshall vein stenosis, which occurred during surgical treatment. Transcatheter perforation of the coronary sinus ostium and stenting of the Marshall vein stenosis improved ventricular function, enabling subsequent surgical enlargement. This staged strategy minimised surgical risks and demonstrated a reliable and effective treatment for such challenging conditions.

Let $(\Sigma , g)$ be a closed Riemann surface, and let u be a weak solution to the equation

$$\begin{align*}- \Delta_g u = \mu, \end{align*}$$

$\mu $

$L^p$

$g' = e^{2u} g$

$g'$

Coronary to pulmonary artery fistula is a rare malformation that can be detected incidentally because most cases are asymptomatic. Here, we present multiple micro coronary to pulmonary artery fistulas in a Fontan physiology adult patient, which leaded dyspnoea due to elevated pulmonary artery pressure and were successfully closed with vascular plugs from the pulmonary side.

Research on water wave metamaterials based on local resonance has advanced rapidly. However, their application to floating structures for controlling surface gravity waves remains underexplored. In this work, we introduce the floating metaplate, a periodic array of resonators on a floating plate that leverages locally resonant bandgaps to effectively manipulate surface gravity waves. We employ the eigenfunction matching method combined with Bloch’s theorem to solve the wave–structure interaction problem and obtain the band structure of the floating metaplate. An effective model based on averaging is developed, which agrees well with the results of numerical simulation, elucidating the mechanism of bandgap formation. Both frequency- and time-domain simulations demonstrate the floating metaplate’s strong wave attenuation capabilities. Furthermore, by incorporating a gradient in the resonant frequencies of the resonators, we achieve the rainbow trapping effect, where waves of different frequencies are reflected at distinct locations. This enables the design of a broadband wave reflector with a tuneable operation frequency range. Our findings may lead to promising applications in coastal protection, wave energy harvesting and the design of resilient offshore renewable energy systems.

Here we consider the hypergraph Turán problem in uniformly dense hypergraphs as was suggested by Erdős and Sós. Given a $3$-graph $F$, the uniform Turán density $\pi _{\boldsymbol{\therefore }}(F)$ of $F$ is defined as the supremum over all $d\in [0,1]$ for which there is an $F$-free uniformly $d$-dense $3$-graph, where uniformly $d$-dense means that every linearly sized subhypergraph has density at least $d$. Recently, Glebov, Král’, and Volec and, independently, Reiher, Rödl, and Schacht proved that $\pi _{\boldsymbol{\therefore }}(K_4^{(3)-})=\frac {1}{4}$, solving a conjecture by Erdős and Sós. Despite substantial attention, the uniform Turán density is still only known for very few hypergraphs. In particular, the problem due to Erdős and Sós to determine $\pi _{\boldsymbol{\therefore }}(K_4^{(3)})$ remains wide open.

In this work, we determine the uniform Turán density of the $3$-graph on five vertices that is obtained from $K_4^{(3)-}$ by adding an additional vertex whose link forms a matching on the vertices of $K_4^{(3)-}$. Further, we point to two natural intermediate problems on the way to determining $\pi _{\boldsymbol{\therefore }}(K_4^{(3)})$, and solve the first of these.

This research shows that droughts are robustly associated with city-level unrest in Europe over the years 900 to 1800 ce. This relationship is non-linear, with disproportionately greater increases in the probability of a conflict among droughts in the upper tail of the severity distribution. Elected city governments are relatively immune to drought-induced conflict, while those based on representation by burghers or guilds are not. These results suggest that local governments are key to maintaining social stability during economic shocks, and are most successful when they have a greater degree of democratic legitimacy.

The 58th Annual Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand, held in Christchurch in 2024, brought together 187 delegates under the theme ‘Kotahitanga: Bridging Research, Industry and Practice’. This theme reflected the society’s commitment to uniting diverse sectors to address key nutrition challenges across the life course. Kotahitanga refers to unity and collective action. Topics included nutrition in ageing and chronic disease, infant and toddler nutrition, gut health, sustainable food systems and food safety. Presentations on sarcopenia and Parkinson’s disease emphasised the need for greater awareness and tailored nutrition strategies for older adults. The Muriel Bell Lecture celebrated the legacy of New Zealand’s first State Nutritionist and called for continued leadership in evidence-based nutrition and encouraged nutritionists to communicate research to the public. A panel on science communication offered practical strategies for engaging the public and countering misinformation. The conference reinforced the importance of collaboration, advocacy and practical application in advancing nutrition.