This chapter introduces quantum computation by comparing classical and quantum computers. Core concepts including qubits, superposition, and entanglement are introduced, setting the stage for deeper exploration. Various quantum computing models are summarized, with a focus on the circuit and topological models. The chapter explains why quantum computing is necessary, especially for tasks beyond classical computing’s limits. It discusses existing quantum platforms and provides an overview of their capabilities and limitations. The chapter also offers a brief historical perspective, touches on computational energy efficiency, and forecasts a quantum future where quantum and classical computing work in tandem. This groundwork provides essential insights into quantum computation’s potential and upcoming chapters’ explorations of algorithmic and theoretical principles.