We discuss the internal structure of graph products of right LCM semigroups and prove that there is an abundance of examples without property (AR). Thereby we provide the first examples of right LCM semigroups lacking this seemingly common feature. The results are particularly sharp for right-angled Artin monoids.

We show that every topological grading of a $C^{\ast }$ -algebra by a discrete abelian group is implemented by an action of the compact dual group.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate some natural problems regarding the order structure of representable functionals on *-algebras. We describe the extreme points of order intervals, and give a non-trivial sufficient condition to decide whether or not the infimum of two representable functionals exists. To this aim, we offer a suitable approach to the Lebesgue decomposition theory, which is in complete analogy with the one developed by Ando in the context of positive operators. This tight analogy allows to invoke Ando's results to characterize uniqueness of the decomposition, and solve the infimum problem over certain operator algebras.

We show that if $M\,\bar{\rtimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ has the weak Haagerup property, then both $M$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ have the weak Haagerup property, and if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is an amenable group, then the weak Haagerup property of $M$ implies that of $M\,\bar{\rtimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ . We also give a condition under which the weak Haagerup property for $M$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ implies that of $M\,\bar{\rtimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ .

We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for embeddability of an operator system into ${\mathcal{O}}_{2}$ . Using Kirchberg’s theorems on a tensor product of ${\mathcal{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathcal{O}}_{\infty }$ , we establish results on their operator system counterparts ${\mathcal{S}}_{2}$ and ${\mathcal{S}}_{\infty }$ . Applications of the results, including some examples describing $C^{\ast }$ -envelopes of operator systems, are also discussed.

In this paper we generalize the notion of the C-numerical range of a matrix to operators in arbitrary tracial von Neumann algebras. For each self-adjoint operator C, the C-numerical range of such an operator is defined; it is a compact, convex subset of ℂ. We explicitly describe the C-numerical ranges of several operators and classes of operators.

For a von Neumann subalgebra $A \, \subseteq \, {\cal B}({\cal H})$ and any two elements a, b ∈ A with a normal, such that the corresponding derivations d a and d b satisfy the condition ‖d b (x)‖ ≤ ‖d a (x)‖ for all x ∈ A, there exist completely bounded (a)ʹ-bimodule map $\varphi : {\cal B}({\cal H}) \rightarrow {\cal B}({\cal H})$ such that d b |A = φ d a |A=d a φ|A. (In particular d b (A) ⊆ d a (A).) Moreover, if A is a factor, then φ can be taken to be normal and these equalities hold on ${\cal B}({\cal H})$ instead of just on A. This result is not true for general (even primitive) C*-algebras ${\cal A}$ .

We answer a question of Takesaki by showing that the following can be derived from the thesis of Shen: if A and B are σ-unital hereditary C* -subalgebras of C such that ‖p – q‖ < 1, where p and q are the corresponding open projections, then A and B are isomorphic. We give some further elaborations and counterexamples with regard to the σ-unitality hypothesis. We produce a natural one-to-one correspondence between complete order isomorphisms of C* -algebras and invertible left multipliers of imprimitivity bimodules. A corollary of the above two results is that any complete order isomorphism between σ-unital C* -algebras is the composite of an isomorphism with an inner complete order isomorphism. We give a separable counterexample to a question of Akemann and Pedersen; namely, the space of quasi-multipliers is not linearly generated by left and right multipliers. But we show that the space of quasi-multipliers is multiplicatively generated by left and right multipliers in the σ-unital case. In particular, every positive quasi-multiplier is of the form T*T for T a left multiplier. We show that a Lie theory consequence of the negative result just stated is that the map sending T to T*T need not be open, even for very nice C* -algebras. We show that surjective maps between σ-unital C* -algebras induce surjective maps on left, right, and quasi-multipliers. (The more significant similar result for multipliers is Pedersen's non-commutative Tietze extension theorem.) We elaborate the relations of the above with continuous fields of Hilbert spaces and in so doing answer a question of Dixmier and Douady. We discuss the relationship of our results to the theory of perturbations of C* -algebras.

Cloneable sets of states in C *-algebras are characterized in terms of strong orthogonality of states. Moreover, the relation between strong cloning and distinguishability of states is investigated together with some additional properties of strong cloning in abelian C *-algebras.

Let $I$ be any nonempty set and let $(M_{i},\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}_{i})_{i\in I}$ be any family of nonamenable factors, endowed with arbitrary faithful normal states, that belong to a large class ${\mathcal{C}}_{\text{anti}\text{-}\text{free}}$ of (possibly type $\text{III}$ ) von Neumann algebras including all nonprime factors, all nonfull factors and all factors possessing Cartan subalgebras. For the free product $(M,\unicode[STIX]{x1D711})=\ast _{i\in I}(M_{i},\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}_{i})$ , we show that the free product von Neumann algebra $M$ retains the cardinality $|I|$ and each nonamenable factor $M_{i}$ up to stably inner conjugacy, after permutation of the indices. Our main theorem unifies all previous Kurosh-type rigidity results for free product type $\text{II}_{1}$ factors and is new for free product type $\text{III}$ factors. It moreover provides new rigidity phenomena for type $\text{III}$ factors.

We study the problem of extending a state on an abelian $C^{\ast }$ -subalgebra to a tracial state on the ambient $C^{\ast }$ -algebra. We propose an approach that is well suited to the case of regular inclusions, in which there is a large supply of normalizers of the subalgebra. Conditional expectations onto the subalgebra give natural extensions of a state to the ambient $C^{\ast }$ -algebra; we prove that these extensions are tracial states if and only if certain invariance properties of both the state and conditional expectations are satisfied. In the example of a groupoid $C^{\ast }$ -algebra, these invariance properties correspond to invariance of associated measures on the unit space under the action of bisections. Using our framework, we are able to completely describe the tracial state space of a Cuntz–Krieger graph algebra. Along the way we introduce certain operations called graph tightenings, which both streamline our description and provide connections to related finiteness questions in graph $C^{\ast }$ -algebras. Our investigation has close connections with the so-called unique state extension property and its variants.

Recently Houdayer and Isono have proved, among other things, that every biexact group $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ has the property that for any non-singular strongly ergodic essentially free action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\curvearrowright (X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$ on a standard measure space, the group measure space von Neumann algebra $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\ltimes L^{\infty }(X)$ is full. In this paper, we prove the same property for a wider class of groups, notably including $\text{SL}(3,\mathbb{Z})$ . We also prove that for any connected simple Lie group $G$ with finite center, any lattice $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\leqslant G$ , and any closed non-amenable subgroup $H\leqslant G$ , the non-singular action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\curvearrowright G/H$ is strongly ergodic and the von Neumann factor $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\ltimes L^{\infty }(G/H)$ is full.

Let be a single vertex k-graph and let be the von Neumann algebra induced from the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal (GNS) representation of a distinguished state ω of its k-graph C*-algebra . In this paper we prove the factoriality of , and furthermore determine its type when either has the little pullback property, or the intrinsic group of has rank 0. The key step to achieving this is to show that the fixed-point algebra of the modular action corresponding to ω has a unique tracial state.

Wu [‘An order characterization of commutativity for $C^{\ast }$ -algebras’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.129 (2001), 983–987] proved that if the exponential function on the set of all positive elements of a $C^{\ast }$ -algebra is monotone in the usual partial order, then the algebra in question is necessarily commutative. In this note, we present a local version of that result and obtain a characterisation of central elements in $C^{\ast }$ -algebras in terms of the order.

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ be a countable discrete group that acts on a unital $C^{\ast }$ -algebra $A$ through an action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ . If $A$ has a faithful $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ -invariant tracial state $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ , then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{\prime }=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}\circ {\mathcal{E}}$ is a faithful tracial state of $A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ where ${\mathcal{E}}:A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\rightarrow A$ is the canonical faithful conditional expectation. We show that $(A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{\prime })$ has the Haagerup property if and only if both $(A,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F})$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ have the Haagerup property. As a consequence, suppose that $(A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{\prime })$ has the Haagerup property where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ has property $T$ and $A$ has strong property $T$ . Then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is finite and $A$ is residually finite-dimensional.

In the 1970s, Feldman and Moore classified separably acting von Neumann algebras containing Cartan maximal abelian self-adjoint subalgebras (MASAs) using measured equivalence relations and 2-cocycles on such equivalence relations. In this paper we give a new classification in terms of extensions of inverse semigroups. Our approach is more algebraic in character and less point-based than that of Feldman and Moore. As an application, we give a restatement of the spectral theorem for bimodules in terms of subsets of inverse semigroups. We also show how our viewpoint leads naturally to a description of maximal subdiagonal algebras.

Let A = C(X) ⊗ K(H), where X is a compact Hausdorff space and K(H) is the algebra of compact operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Let A s be the algebra of strong*-continuous functions from X to K(H). Then A s /A is the inner corona algebra of A. We show that if X has no isolated points, then A s /A is an essential ideal of the corona algebra of A, and Prim(A s /A), the primitive ideal space of A s /A, is not weakly Lindelof. If X is also first countable, then there is a natural injection from the power set of X to the lattice of closed ideals of A s /A. If X = βℕ\ℕ and the continuum hypothesis (CH) is assumed, then the corona algebra of A is a proper subalgebra of the multiplier algebra of A s /A. Several of the results are obtained in the more general setting of C 0(X)-algebras.

We show that the property of a C*-algebra that all its Hilbert modules have a frame, in the case of σ-unital C*-algebras, is preserved under Rieffel–Morita equivalence. In particular, we show that a σ-unital continuous-trace C*-algebra with trivial Dixmier–Douady class, all of whose Hilbert modules admit a frame, has discrete spectrum. We also show this for the tensor product of any commutative C*-algebra with the C*-algebra of compact operators on any Hilbert space.

Let $E$ be a (right) Hilbert module over a $C^{\ast }$ -algebra $A$ . If $E$ is equipped with a left action of a second $C^{\ast }$ -algebra $B$ , then tensor product with $E$ gives rise to a functor from the category of Hilbert $B$ -modules to the category of Hilbert $A$ -modules. The purpose of this paper is to study adjunctions between functors of this sort. We shall introduce a new kind of adjunction relation, called a local adjunction, that is weaker than the standard concept from category theory. We shall give several examples, the most important of which is the functor of parabolic induction in the tempered representation theory of real reductive groups. Each local adjunction gives rise to an ordinary adjunction of functors between categories of Hilbert space representations. In this way we shall show that the parabolic induction functor has a simultaneous left and right adjoint, namely the parabolic restriction functor constructed in Clare et al. [Parabolic induction and restriction via $C^{\ast }$ -algebras and Hilbert $C^{\ast }$ -modules, Compos. Math.FirstView (2016), 1–33, 2].

We define the Schur multipliers of a separable von Neumann algebra with Cartan maximal abelian self-adjoint algebra , generalizing the classical Schur multipliers of (ℓ 2). We characterize these as the normal -bimodule maps on . If contains a direct summand isomorphic to the hyperfinite II1 factor, then we show that the Schur multipliers arising from the extended Haagerup tensor product ⊗ eh are strictly contained in the algebra of all Schur multipliers.