Anger may increase the risk for prolonged grief disorder (PGD) after violent loss. A source of anger for violently bereaved people can be the criminal proceedings that ensue following the loss. The present study explored the reciprocal associations between PGD and state anger and whether aspects of involvement in the criminal justice system (CJS) relate to PGD and state anger.

We analyzed data of 237 MH17-bereaved people collected 67, 79, 88, and 103 months after the loss. Cross-lagged panel modeling was employed to examine the reciprocal associations between PGD and state anger. In the optimal model, we regressed PGD and state anger levels on different aspects of CJS involvement.

Higher PGD levels significantly predicted higher state anger levels at each wave (β = .112–.130) but not the other way around. This was found while constraining autoregressive and cross-lagged paths. When adding predictors and covariates to the model, PGD levels still consistently predicted state anger levels over time (β = .107–.121), with state anger levels predicting PGD levels to a lesser extent (β = .064–.070). None of the aspects of CJS involvement were related to either PGD or state anger levels.

If replicated, a clinical implication could be that targeting PGD levels in treatment may reduce state anger levels and, to a lesser extent, vice versa. Also, CJS involvement does not seem to have an impact on PGD and state anger in people confronted with violent loss.

To identify politico-economic factors relating to policy surrounding the production, processing and trade of sugar in Indonesia and identify strategies to support improved integration of national nutrition and food security priorities with respect to sugar.

This study was a qualitative policy analysis, informed by political economy and power analysis approaches and drawing on both documentary policy data and interviews.

Indonesia.

Interviewees from various national and sub-national government and non-government sectors, with expertise in health and food safety (n 7), finance and economics (n 2), trade and industry (n 3) and others (n 4).

Sugar was articulated as a policy priority in three distinct ways: (1) sugar as an economic good; (2) sugar in relation to health and (3) sugar as a commodity for food security. High political priority was given to national economic development, as well as concerns relating to farmer rights and welfare. Nutrition priorities and objectives to reduce sugar consumption were addressed in health policies; however, they were not reflected in production and economic policies promoting sugar.

Creating opportunities to diversify agricultural production and ensuring a just transition to protect the livelihoods of sugar farmers in Indonesia will be crucial in enabling the achievement of nutrition priorities to reduce sugar consumption.

In 2020, RWE4Decisions, a multi-stakeholder initiative commissioned by the Belgian payer, published stakeholder actions to support the generation, analysis, and interpretation of real-world evidence (RWE) to inform the decision making of health technology assessment (HTA) bodies/payers for highly innovative medicines in the European Union (EU). Since 2020, changes in the decision-making environment and advancements in RWE have created an impetus to update stakeholder actions for the EU and Canada.

RWE4Decisions’ experts led focus groups with individual stakeholder groups (HTA bodies/payers, pharmaceutical industry, clinicians, patients, registry holders, and data analytical experts). Each focus group crafted new actions for their stakeholder, then the actions were discussed and revised in a multi-stakeholder meeting, a public webinar, and a public consultation. Themes across actions and meetings were identified.

Detailed new actions for each stakeholder group are presented. Key themes identified are the need to address interorganizational fragmentation regarding secondary data use and methodologies to build robust RWE. HTA bodies/payers need to develop a common vision about the potential use of RWE. The role of the whole clinical team as primary data collectors is critical. Opportunities for scientific advice across the life cycle of a medicine are essential, and the implementation of RWE guidance related to HTA is paramount. Progress requires specific, operational actions and a collective effort by a variety of stakeholders.

Carrying out these actions will facilitate the development of methodological best practices for generating RWE to inform HTA of highly innovative medicines and build trust between stakeholders in the use of RWE.

Current breast cancer (BC) diagnostics include detailed pathological and genetic analysis for biological subtype identification; however, throughout the course of the disease, new alterations determining the progression of the disease or resistance to treatment appear. The tests based on liquid biopsy allow minimally invasive real-time monitoring of tumour-specific alteration during the entire disease treatment. Tumour-specific genetic material fragments occur in bodily fluids, and cell-free nucleic acids are a convenient tool for analysing genetic and epigenetic changes in tumours. Evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic value of epigenetic biomarkers is gradually increasing. Although, up to date, there is limited access to in vitro diagnostic (IVD) epigenetic liquid biopsy-based tests for BC management, the data on the clinical potential of such tests and biomarkers are accumulating rapidly.

In this review, we focused on research involving cell-free DNA methylation biomarkers in blood serum or plasma samples from BC patients.

Our review systematises data from genome-wide and targeted studies of DNA methylation changes in liquid biopsies from BC patients, aiming to highlight the most critical biomarkers suitable for early BC diagnosis, treatment personalisation and prognosis.

In summary, cell-free DNA methylation biomarkers show strong potential to enhance breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalised treatment through integrated clinical profiling.

Psychiatric symptoms are typically highly inter-correlated at the group level. Collectively, these correlations define the architecture of psychopathology – informing taxonomic and mechanistic models in psychiatry. However, to date, it remains unclear if this architecture differs between etiologically distinct subgroups, despite the core relevance of this understanding for personalized medicine. Here, we introduce a new analytic pipeline to probe group differences in the psychopathology architecture – demonstrated through the comparison of two distinct neurogenetic disorders.

We use a large questionnaire battery in 300 individuals aged 5–25 years (n = 102 XXY/KS, n = 64 XYY, n = 134 age-matched XY) to characterize the structure of correlations among 53 diverse measures of psychopathology in XXY/KS and XYY syndrome – enabling us to compare the effects of X- versus Y-chromosome dosage on the architecture of psychopathology at multiple, distinctly informative levels.

Behavior correlation matrices describe the architecture of psychopathology in each syndrome. A comparison of matrix rows reveals that social problems and externalizing symptoms are most differentially coupled to other aspects of psychopathology in XXY/KS versus XYY. Clustering the difference between matrices captures coordinated group differences in pairwise coupling between measures of psychopathology: XXY/KS shows greater coherence among externalizing, internalizing, and autism-related features, while XYY syndrome shows greater coherence in dissociality and early neurodevelopmental impairment.

These methods offer new insights into X- and Y-chromosome dosage effects on behavior, and our shared code can now be applied to other clinical groups of interest – helping to hone mechanistic models and inform the tailoring of care.