The topic of urban revolt in medieval Ireland has been overlooked by wider scholarship. This article offers the first detailed analysis of a revolt which occurred in Galway in the late fourteenth century. The basis of this study is a twentieth-century transcription made of an extract from a plea roll of the king’s bench in Ireland before the latter’s destruction in 1922, which records the judicial proceedings taken against one of the town’s rebels and provides an under-exploited (and not entirely reliable) narrative of the key facts of this rebellion. This article locates the actions of Galway townspeople within a wider European pattern of protest and rebellion in the second half of the fourteenth century and, more specifically, places the revolt in the context of contemporary political events in Ireland and England. The events in Galway should be viewed as a genuinely ‘popular’ revolt, challenging assumptions about the presumed loyalty of towns and cities in medieval Ireland to the English crown and its local representatives.

Crop wild relatives represent an essential reservoir of untapped genetic diversity for crop improvement. Despite sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) being an important oilseed crop, its wild relatives remain underutilized for characterization and breeding efforts. To comprehensively assess their potential, a field evaluation was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023 on 53 accessions belonging to seven wild, three S. indicum accessions, and three cultivated species. Thirty-four agro-morphological traits (18 qualitative, 16 quantitative) were characterized under field conditions. Substantial variability was observed across key traits, including plant height, branching patterns, leaf morphology, corolla structure and pigmentation, capsule size and shape, seed characteristics, and yield-contributing attributes. Multivariate analyses revealed significant clustering patterns, and several traits, notably capsule width, capsule length, corolla length, seed area and test weight, exhibited high heritability. Importantly, certain wild accessions such as IC621506 and IC557250 (early maturity), IC409053, IC204658, IC208661 and IC208662 (greater capsule number), and IC208661, IC208662 and IC409053 (superior seed yield per plant) outperformed cultivated sesame species. These novel accessions constitute valuable genetic resources for broadening the cultivated gene pool and enhancing breeding strategies. This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of morphological diversity in wild sesame species, underscoring their potential utility in developing high-yielding, resilient varieties that can address future agricultural challenges.

This study aimed to evaluate the microclimatic conditions of natural shading provided by Ipês (Handroanthus heptaphyllus [Vell.] Mattos), and of an artificial shading structure characterized by the combination of an aluminized net on the outside and a black polypropylene net on the inside. In addition, their effects were analysed with respect to the physiological and behavioural responses of Holstein cows kept at pasture in a tropical climate. Two paddocks were used, one with trees and the other with trees and an artificial shade structure. Eight multiparous cows were evaluated over 20 non-consecutive days and selected according to their predominant coat colour: four with predominantly white coats and four with predominantly black coats. The experimental days were classified as very hot, with radiation above 625 Wm−2; and hot days, with radiation between 300 and 625 Wm−2. The mean radiant temperature (°C), the radiant heat load (Wm−2) and the black globe humidity index were calculated. The mean radiant temperature for artificial shading was lower for all days (P < 0.05), with values below 30°C during daylight hours. The radiant heat load was lower under the artificial shading structure regardless of the day (P < 0.05), with values below 470 Wm−2. When compared microclimatically with natural shading, artificial shading was more efficient (P < 0.05) in reducing mean radiant temperature and radiant heat load. Although behavioural variation (P < 0.05) was observed, these results were related to the difference in coat pattern. Animals with predominantly black coats grazed in the early morning hours and sought protection as thermal comfort levels rose.

I reply to three critical discussions of my book, Transparency and Reflection (Oxford, 2024). The replies discuss the basic structure of my “reflectivist” account of self-knowledge, the bearing of my account on the distinction between rational and nonrational minds, the question of how to respond to Hume’s challenge to our entitlement to attribute our thoughts to a single self, the relation between awareness of ourselves as conscious subjects and knowledge of our existence as embodied objects, and the relation of my views on self-awareness to the views of Immanuel Kant.

The question of how digital health is regulated has become increasingly important within debates on technology, inequality and global health. While digital health is frequently celebrated for its capacity to expand access, build resilient systems and advance equity, scholars have raised critical concerns about its role in reproducing asymmetries of power. The potential for reproducing rather than curbing inequality is particularly relevant for the Global South. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Law in Context interrogates the ways in which digital health infrastructures, regulatory frameworks and transnational data flows are constitutive of coloniality and neoliberal capitalism. Bringing together socio-legal, feminist and decolonial perspectives, the contributions examine regulation as a terrain in which vulnerabilities, exclusions and structural inequalities are reinforced. Against the celebratory rhetoric of innovation, this collection situates regulation as a key site for understanding the entanglement of digital health with broader histories of coloniality and capitalism.

In this research, a hierarchical dynamic and kinematic modeling framework is proposed for a wheeled-legged manipulator (WLM), explicitly incorporating wheel slip and skid effects through the Gibbs–Appell formulation. Unlike traditional Lagrangian methods that depend on constraint multipliers, the proposed approach unifies the platform and manipulator dynamics while substantially reducing computational complexity. This integration enables efficient handling of nonholonomic constraints without compromising physical fidelity and offers a clear separation between subsystems, allowing the effects of wheel-ground interactions to be analyzed independently from manipulator motions. The proposed formulation is validated through a combination of MATLAB/Webots simulations and laboratory experiments conducted under both dry and wet (soapy ceramic) surface conditions. Experimental results indicate end-effector position deviations of 8–10.5% primarily due to wheel slip and initial joint torque discrepancies of 6.5–20% that progressively diminish as steady-state motion is reached. Comparative evaluation against a conventional Lagrangian model highlights the computational advantage of the Gibbs–Appell formulation, demonstrating reduced assembly time and fewer symbolic differentiation operations. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis on friction coefficients and slip ratios confirms the robustness of the model to variations in surface conditions. Beyond accurate dynamic prediction, the hierarchical structure enables modular real-time implementation, supporting controller design, trajectory planning, and fault detection. Overall, the results demonstrate that the Gibbs–Appell-based hierarchical modeling framework combines analytical rigor with computational efficiency, providing a robust foundation for control and optimization in advanced wheeled-legged robotic manipulators.

This article analyses the representation of Spanish history in the operas ‘Fernand Cortez’ (1809) and ‘Pélage’ (1814), along with their ambivalent political uses and economic dynamics at the Paris Opéra during the transition from the First Empire to the Bourbon Restoration. It seeks to complement historiographical interpretations that often view these operas primarily as vehicles of Napoleonic or Bourbon propaganda, by examining the artistic careers of their authors – especially the composer Gaspare Spontini (1774–1851) and librettist Etienne de Jouy (1764–1846). A closer look at their personal and professional paths reveals a multi-layered space of symbolic conflict, shaped by disputes over reputation and competition for positions within the Parisian musical milieu. Drawing on archival and press sources, this paper studies the interplay between official political agendas and individual ambitions, considering how the self-serving staging of Spanish medieval and imperial history was incorporated into French narratives of power.

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in cancer survivorship, influencing not only long-term health outcomes but also quality of life and risk of recurrence. As advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing global population of cancer survivors, attention has increasingly shifted from acute care to the promotion of sustained well-being and prevention of secondary health challenges. Despite growing evidence linking dietary patterns, body composition, and metabolic health with survivorship outcomes, there remains significant variability in nutritional guidance, access to evidence-based interventions, and integration of nutrition into oncology care. This review explores the current state of knowledge on nutrition in cancer survivorship, highlights key challenges faced by healthcare systems and patients and presents a new proposed model of care to optimise nutrition within survivorship care, bridging the evidence-practice gap.

Urban tourism has expanded dramatically in recent decades, reshaping European cities economically, socially and culturally. Yet its roots run much deeper, as (early) modern urban centres – especially in the Low Countries – developed distinctive traditions of tourism and place promotion. This special issue highlights how civic boosterism, marketing innovations and inter-urban competition shaped these early practices. Bringing together new research on Belgium and the Netherlands, the special issue uncovers the actors, tools and narratives that fashioned urban tourism long before the late twentieth-century boom. Collectively, the contributions rethink the genealogy of urban tourism by analysing its ‘orgware’, ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ from the late eighteenth to twentieth centuries.