Drawing on unbalanced panel data with a maximum of 271,656 bilateral trade flow observations from 1996 to 2021, this study investigates both the linear and nonlinear influence of national Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance gaps on green exports. When the ESG performance of the exporting country exceeds that of the destination country, the results indicate that an increase in the ESG gap significantly stimulates green exports, and there is evidence that this stimulating effect is achieved by widening green innovation gaps. However, the marginal effect diminishes as environmental regulations in the destination country become more stringent. Conversely, when the exporting country’s ESG performance is lower, narrowing the ESG gap leads to an N-shaped relationship with green exports, which remains U-shaped after removing the extremes. This research provides empirical evidence and policy implications for the trade effects of ESG performance from a macro perspective, while supporting the rationality and necessity of the ESG concept.

In modern jurisprudence, it is recognized that courts will engage in arbitration, often under the rubric of Alternative Dispute Resolution.1 Recourse to arbitration further back in the English past has often been perceived as extra-legal, taking place outside the system of courts, and sometimes intended specifically to avoid those courts. This research has concentrated on the avoidance of secular courts, in particular the king’s courts and common law (see below). By contrast, arbitration in ecclesiastical courts has received less detailed investigation, although many salient aspects have been approached (as indicated below).

This article re-examines the literature on the evidential uses of French tenses, and evaluates what distinguishes French from languages that are said to possess fully grammaticalized evidential systems. Based on corpus analyses, semantic testing, and crosslinguistic comparisons, this study argues that the French passé composé and imparfait do not carry any inherent evidential meaning, unlike the futur and conditionnel. The evidential interpretations of the former two tenses are simply conveyed by the context, while those of the latter two are indeed due to their intrinsic semantic make-up. We conclude that although French encodes evidentiality with verbal inflections only infrequently, it is no different from languages usually cited to illustrate advanced evidential paradigms from a formal and semantic standpoint.

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of nearly unstable Hawkes processes whose regression kernel has $L^1$ norm strictly greater than 1 and close to 1 as time goes to infinity. We find that the scaling size determines the scaling behavior of the processes as in Jaisson and Rosenbaum (2015). Specifically, after a suitable rescale of $({a_T-1})/{T{\textrm{e}}^{b_TTx}}$, the limit of the sequence of Hawkes processes is deterministic. Also, with another appropriate rescaling of $1/T^2$, the sequence converges in law to an integrated Cox–Ingersoll–Ross-like process. This theoretical result may apply to model the recent COVID-19 outbreak in epidemiology and phenomena in social networks.

A significant association between tomato consumption and a lower risk of developing hypertension has been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tomato intake and prehypertension risk among Korean adults. Hypertension was defined according to the criteria established by the Korean Society of Hypertension. The study participants were selected from the Health Examinees cohort study. Tomato consumption was measured using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized into quintiles based on the amount consumed. Higher tomato consumption was associated with a lower risk of prehypertension in men (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.80–0.92, p for trend 0.0005). Women in the highest quintile also showed a similar trend (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.90–0.99, p for trend 0.0091). Stratified analyses revealed a reduced risk of prehypertension across all subgroups, except underweight individuals and those with a history of alcohol consumption (all P-interaction <0.05). These findings indicate that higher tomato intake may offer potential advantages for managing blood pressure levels.

Longer life expectancy and growing income inequality have prompted an increasing interest in understanding the impact of ageing on nutritional requirements in order to optimise intakes, increase the number of years lived in good health, and reduce morbidity and associated health and social care costs. Food insecurity reduces access to nutritious and healthy food. Understanding the evidence-base on the impacts of food insecurity and the maintenance of food security for older people is crucial to informing policy and intervention.

The increase in numbers of older people experiencing food insecurity is a public health emergency, and is associated with under and malnutrition. Food insecurity can be experienced at any stage of the life course, but has been more widely studied with families and children where poverty is a major driver. Food insecurity in later life has been less well explored by academics, but differs from that experienced in earlier years due to additional complexities, as physical and cognitive health amplify the impact of poverty. Additionally, factors which can appear to be relatively small in impact, can act in a cumulative way to push people towards food insecurity. This review will draw on research about older people’s food practices, contexts, and experiences in relation to food insecurity in later life, and offers a model of food insecurity that has the potential to guide focused public health efforts in order to support the older population to be food secure.

To examine the association between snack characteristics (snack frequency, snack energy density (ED) and snack nutritional quality) with diet quality and cardiometabolic risks among U.S. adolescents from the 2009-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cross-sectional dietary data collected using a 24-hour dietary recall from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1,999 boys and 1,897 girls aged 12–19 years) were analysed. Associations between snack characteristics with diet quality, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, waist circumference, metabolic syndrome risk score using multiple linear regression, were analysed stratified by sex. Higher snack nutritional quality (β [95% CI]: boys 0.31 [0.09, 0.52]; girls 0.44 [0.30, 0.57]) was linked to better overall diet quality, whereas snack ED excluding beverages (β [95% CI]: boys –1.82 [–2.52, –1.12]; girls –1.75 [–2.69, –0.82]) was linked to poorer overall diet quality. Among girls, higher snack frequency was associated with lower waist circumference and lower fasting blood glucose (-0.67 [-1.28, -0.05]). Additionally, higher snack ED and nutritional quality was associated with lower waist circumference and triglycerides, respectively. No associations between snack characteristics and cardiometabolic indicators or metabolic syndrome risk score were observed for boys. Findings suggest strategies to improve adolescent snack nutritional quality and ED may improve overall diet quality. However, limited associations were observed between snack characteristics and cardiometabolic risk indicators among girls only. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between snack characteristics and adolescent health outcomes.

This article reconceptualizes the “rural problematique” in Canada through the contemporary “problem” of the rural migrant. Utilizing critical historical institutional theory, we argue that the challenges newcomers face in rural spaces not only reveal the stagnation of settlement policies but also demonstrate the long-lasting, integrative and harmful impacts of policy inertia. While newcomers experience the implications of inadequate and exclusionary social policies particularly acutely, the obstacles they face cannot be solved through changes to migration policy alone. Rather, we show how these barriers are the result of the historical, specific role that rural Canada plays within the political economy of the country, which relies upon the delineation between rural and urban, and the persistence of the rural as problematic. Thus, an analysis of the contemporary “problem” of the rural migrant demonstrates how the context can change, but the outcomes, which are consistent with the broader rural dynamic, remain the same.

We characterized antibiotic prescribing for outpatient telemedicine visits among a large cohort of pediatric, adult, and older adult populations during 2021. Opportunities exist for improving antibiotic prescribing in outpatient telemedicine, especially for respiratory conditions and among rural and older adult populations.