While the plague of Provence is the most studied outbreak of the disease in early modern Europe, there is little in the extensive historiography on this topic about fears of the cross-species transmission of disease which re-emerged in the early eighteenth century because of events in southwestern France. Concerns about the interplay between cattle murrains and human plague resurfaced in the early eighteenth century because the plague of Provence followed an outbreak of cattle disease which swept across Europe and killed tens of thousands of animals. This article focuses on the debate about the spread of contagious diseases between species which occurred in Britain during this time. Links between the health of animals and that of humans became objects of heated discussion especially following the issuing of the 1721 Quarantine Act, which was designed to prevent the plague currently ravaging southwestern France from taking hold in Britain. It then considers the different beliefs regarding contagion and the transmission of diseases between different species during the plague of Provence. While focusing on the richly documented and highly revealing discussions in early eighteenth-century Britain about the interplay between plague in cattle and plague in humans, it also utilises materials from earlier centuries to examine more fully how early modern populations understood the relationship between plague in humans and cattle murrains.

This article contributes to debates about the theoretical underpinning for legitimate expectations. Building on existing arguments that what underpins the doctrine is public trust in government, it draws on scholarship on trust from disciplines outside law to reimagine the “trust conception” of legitimate expectations. It argues that the current trust conception lacks conceptual clarity, including several areas of ambiguity which have generated problems for it. The article claims that with the conception so reimagined, trust can offer the necessary theoretical underpinning for legitimate expectations and thus provide much-needed certainty to this confused area of administrative law.

A type of signal-interference fourth-order dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple out-of-band transmission zeros (TZs) is reported. A second-order dual-band BPF block is firstly discussed, which is composed of two microstrip-to-slotline vertical transitions that are back-to-back connected by means of an in-parallel asymmetrical microstrip-line-based closed loop. It exhibits spectrally symmetrical passbands regarding the design frequency fD and three TZs at the inter-band region. Subsequently, by using stepped-impedance-line segments at the longest path of the transversal signal-interference closed loop, its dual-band BPF counterpart with second-order spectrally asymmetrical dual passbands is presented. Next, in order to increase the filter order as well as the number of out-of-band TZs for augmented stopband attenuation, a fourth-order dual-band BPF circuit is conceived. To this aim, two Y-shaped stepped-impedance microstrip stubs are loaded at the input and output ports of the previously devised second-order frequency-symmetrical dual-band BPF block. The RF operational principles of all these dual-band BPFs are detailed through their associated transmission-line-based equivalent circuits. Moreover, for experimental-demonstration purposes, a 1.154-/2.818-GHz two-layer microstrip proof-of-concept prototype of a fourth-order sharp-rejection dual-band BPF is designed, simulated, and characterized. It features inter-band power-rejection levels higher than 28.68 dB and lower-/upper-stopband attenuation levels above 40.92 dB from DC to 4.64 GHz.

Compulsory voting (CV) has been common in Latin America. While research on its effects is burgeoning, little is known about its origins. This article seeks to start filling the gap by focusing on the adoption of CV in democratising polities. It proposes an explanation that rests on two implications of what this institution can reasonably be expected to do, i.e. increase turnout. The first logic suggests that CV was established to curb electoral malfeasance. The second, in turn, posits that it was introduced for damage limitation to those who held power. These hypotheses are tested against alternatives through a comparative historical study of three South American countries.

Kant claims that we must Believe (or have faith, Glaube) in the attainability of our ultimate moral end – the Highest Good – and that God exists. According to a strand of orthodoxy, this claim rests on a rational principle, called Attainability: one can rationally will an end only if one thinks that it is attainable. However, this orthodox view faces four prominent objections concerning (1) acting as if, (2) the modal content of Beliefs, (3) approximation, and (4) withholding belief about Attainability. I show that Attainability should be read as a principle of willing simpliciter and that these objections do not withstand critical scrutiny. Kant’s critics, therefore, will need either to sharpen their objections or seek alternatives elsewhere.

Single ventricle patients undergoing comprehensive stage II palliation have higher incidence of severe acute kidney injury compared to the bidirectional Glenn palliation; however, the optimal method for early detection remains unknown. Several urinary biomarkers are increased in other patient populations with postoperative kidney injury. We explored the kinetics of these biomarkers in this high-risk population.

We conducted prospective, observational study of 20 patients with single ventricle physiology who underwent second stage palliation (July 2019–December 2021). Acute kidney injury was defined by Kidney Diseases Improving Global Guidelines, based on peak serum creatinine value and urine output. Urine samples were collected pre-operatively and at 1-, 6-, and 24-hours post-surgery. Urinary biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-18, liver fatty acid-binding protein, kidney injury molecule-1, and cystatin C were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, normalised to urinary creatinine, and shown as median [interquartile range].

Four patients (50%) undergoing comprehensive stage II and 1 patient (8%) undergoing bidirectional Glenn palliation developed stage ≥ 2 acute kidney injury. Comprehensive stage II compared to bidirectional Glenn group had higher median neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (1769 [1309–1961] versus 91[18–1120] ng/mg) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (12,836 [5016–19798] versus 1272 [220–5172] ng/mg) that peaked 1-hour post-surgery. Kidney injury molecule-1 was significantly greater at 1-, 6-, and 24-hours (greatest) post-surgery in comprehensive stage II than bidirectional Glenn (24h: 11[9–23]) versus 2 [1–6] ng/mg).

Elevated urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, liver fatty acid-binding protein, and kidney injury molecule-1 may be useful biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury in children following comprehensive stage II palliation.

We give a short proof of the anticyclotomic analogue of the “strong” main conjecture of Kurihara on Fitting ideals of Selmer groups for elliptic curves with good ordinary reduction under mild hypotheses. More precisely, we completely determine the initial Fitting ideal of Selmer groups over finite subextensions of an imaginary quadratic field in its anticyclotomic $\mathbb {Z}_p$-extension in terms of Bertolini–Darmon’s theta elements.

Despite Hegel’s great admiration for Schiller and Schiller’s influence on Hegel’s philosophy of art, Hegel rarely praises Schiller’s tragedies and is indeed often critical of Schiller’s dramatic works. These criticisms for the most part concern characters who fail to live up to Hegel’s criteria for tragic heroes, as they vacillate, come to an unheroic demise, or are inwardly conflicted about their aims or actions. Despite these criticisms, this article argues that some of Schiller’s tragic heroines are nonetheless beautiful by Hegel’s own lights. Using Schiller’s Mary Stuart (1800) and The Maid of Orleans (1801), I argue that a deep spiritual beauty is exemplified in Schiller’s Joan of Arc and Mary Stuart, who overcome an inner conflict to achieve spiritual reconciliation, affording us the experience of Hegel’s ideal. Schiller’s tragic heroines present the beautiful triumph of an individual’s subjective freedom over great spiritual conflict, which is Hegel’s definition of artistic beauty. It is hoped that this article offers a new perspective not only on Hegel’s philosophy of art, but also on the power and beauty of Schiller’s tragic heroines.

Despite the destruction it inevitably engenders and the opposition it often elicits, war remains a near-human universal. There is almost no society, across time or place, that has not experienced some form of violent conflict, whether internally or against its neighbors or adversaries. The most common explanations for the causes of war and conflict tend to center around social and material factors, such as conflicts over resources, territory, or regime type. Certainly, these factors play a role in many conflicts, but they cannot alone explain every war. Other arguments, however, drawn from evolutionary psychology and biological anthropology, based on fundamental aspects of human nature with regard to male coalitionary psychology, do posit specific sources for conflict that provide an underlying platform for its emergence and can help explain its wide variety across time and space. A comprehensive and accurate understanding of the nature of war must include these considerations.

The “home–field” dichotomy has long been a core assumption of fieldwork in political science. As in other social science disciplines, political scientists rely on these categories to contextualize our research within particular time–space nexuses and to separate our personal lives and private dwellings and institutions from our sources, participants, and broader research environments. Although the spatial, temporal, and emotional divisions between our “homes” and “fields” have always been arbitrary, they are increasingly blurred when we use remote and online methods for research, especially for qualitative studies. This article problematizes the home–field dichotomy within the context of remote and online political science field research. We contend that the overlap of our homes and fields in digital fieldwork poses different challenges for our professional boundaries than offline research, particularly in terms of separating our personal and research lives, mitigating risk, and protecting our mental health. Given the growing use of remote and online methods, we argue that the discipline of political science must account more seriously for the muddling of our homes and fields to support rigorous, transparent, and ethical empirical research.

Ventricular assist devices, such as the HeartMate 3, are routinely used to support patents with failing ventricular function. However, extrinsic obstruction of the outflow graft has been identified as a complication associated with the HeartMate 3. We report a case of a patient with transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), status post-Mustard procedure with severe systemic (right) ventricular dysfunction who developed extrinsic obstruction of theoutflow graft, 6 years after implant, leading to a significant reduction in HeartMate 3 flow. This patient required the placement of multiple stents to fully address the diffuse stenosis of the outflow graft. This case underscores the technical challenges involved in managing extrinsic obstruction of theoutflow graft in patients with this anatomy and highlights the importance of a tailored, multidisciplinary approach. It emphasises the need for careful planning around stent overlap, outflow graft angulation, and catheter and wire positioning in the context of complex anatomical and device-related interactions.

For both Hegel and Badiou, love is one vehicle through which the transition from substance to subject concretely occurs, despite their respective conceptions of this transition differing drastically. Although (amicably) critical of Hegel’s Logic, Badiou—the first systematic continental philosopher since Hegel—never expressly reproaches Hegel’s conception of love, as outlined in both the Logic and the Realphilosophie lectures, but it is not Hegelian love which Badiou champions. His possible criticisms of Hegelian love can only be discerned through his explicit critiques of the Logic, in which he faults Hegel’s denial of absolute difference. Given that Badiouian love is conceived precisely as the subjective experience of absolute difference, his critique of Hegel must play a more significant role in his conceptual rehabilitation of love than is immediately evident. This paper teases out Badiou’s critique of Hegel and examines what it illuminates regarding his conception of love, as well as Hegel’s. I conclude that Badiou’s conception highlights an aspect of Hegelian love which Hegel himself does not sufficiently emphasize, but it remains too one-sided on its own and thus forces one to continue to decide in favour of Hegel.

This article is concerned with the question whether a defendant in an unjust enrichment action can reduce or eliminate its liability by establishing that it could have obtained the enrichment (or part of it) from the claimant in a way that would not have given rise to liability. The answer in principle ought to be no. In arguing for that conclusion, I consider the meaning of “enrichment” and “loss”, the nature of the change of position defence and the basis of liability for unjust enrichment in cases involving ultra vires charges by public authorities and the taking of money without consent by private defendants.