This paper argues that, far from supporting, an oft-cited passage of the Phenomena and Noumena chapter (A247/B303) instead belies, Allison’s influential thesis that Kant’s transcendental idealism is not an ‘alternative ontology’ but a methodological or meta-epistemological ‘alternative to ontology’ that is devoid of specific metaphysical content. Following a programmatic sketch of Kant’s system of principles as a regional ontology of nature, it is argued that the precise wording and original punctuation of that passage suggest that the transcendentally realist ontologies of the past are to ‘give way’ to just such an immanent ontology of the world of outer experience.

A novel compact Ku-band waveguide antenna is proposed that offers left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). The proposed design has Nabla slot on aperture of circular waveguide to attain LHCP. Side fed design of the proposed antenna eliminates the need for rectangular to circular waveguide transition. The antenna has the reflection coefficient (S11) below −10 dB from 12 to 15.2 GHz, corresponds to the impedance bandwidth of 23.5% and axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB from 13.2 to 15.2 GHz, attained circular polarization bandwidth as 14%. Measurement results indicate that the proposed antenna achieves a 12 dB half beamwidth of around 65° across the 13.4–15.2 GHz frequency band, resulting in an attained pattern bandwidth (stable radiation pattern range) of 12.5%. This performance fulfills the illumination requirements for an offset parabolic reflector with an f/RD ratio of 0.25.

The aim of this study was to determine soil quality index (SQI) for hazelnut gardens managed under organic and conventional agricultural systems. Additionally, the predictability of soil quality was evaluated using the XGBoost algorithm. To determine soil quality, a multi-criteria decision-making process was applied to the total data set (TDS) using standard scoring functions (linear and non-linear). Additionally, the minimum data set (MDS) was obtained using principal component analysis (PCA). Then, the model verification process was performed using SQI and yield data. According to the results, although SQI values in conventional agriculture were statistically significantly higher, the correlation between yield and soils under organic agriculture was higher than in conventional agriculture. The SQI averaged 0.4576 in conventionally farmed soils and 0.4417 in organically farmed areas. Root mean square error values obtained for SQI estimation with the XGBoost algorithm using basic soil properties ranged from 0.038 to 0.065. The mean error rate was approximately 8%. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients for the SQI estimated by MDS and TDS were 0.60 and 0.61, respectively. The most effective basic soil properties for estimating SQI with the XGBoost algorithm were N, K, organic matter, and P. It was concluded that the XGBoost algorithm can be evaluated for soil quality prediction. In addition, the spatial distribution patterns of the values predicted by this algorithm and of the observed values were similar. The exclusive use of soil analyses in the study can be considered a limiting factor for the model. More comprehensive studies are planned using reflectance measurements from remote sensing technologies.

Menopausal age represents the endpoint of the entire reproductive cycle of women, and it is a biological marker that indicates the overall health and ageing status of women. Flavonoids are the most common polyphenolic compounds in the daily diet, and their intake is related to reduced risks of certain diseases. Our study aimed to analyse the relationships between the intake of flavonoids and menopausal age. We selected 29 940 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2007–2008, 2009–2010 to 2017–2018. A total of 680 participants were included in our analysis after screening. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary flavonoid subclasses intake and menopausal delay (≥ 55 years old). Restricted cubic splines plots were generated to reveal the nonlinear relationships between the subclasses of flavonoids intake and menopausal age. According to the adjusted multiple factor logistic regression analysis, the top quartile intake (compared with bottom intake) of anthocyanidins was positively associated with delayed menopause (OR = 4·123; 95 % CI: 1·130, 15·041; Ptrend = 0·036), whereas the moderate intake of flavonols was negatively associated with delayed menopause (Q2 v. Q1, OR = 0·081 (95 % CI: 0·025, 0·261), Ptrend = 0·001; Q3 v. Q1, OR = 0·271 (95 % CI: 0·093, 0·791), Ptrend = 0·023). The restricted cubic splines revealed that non-linear association was observed between the intake of isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and later menopause (P value for non-linearity < 0·05). Our findings suggest that specific dietary flavonoids intake may have potential roles in regulating menopausal timing.

Many older adults living in a seniors’ residence (SR), especially those living with dementia, will have to be relocated in long-term care (LTC) despite the negative impact of these care transitions on physical and psychological well-being. Using a living lab methodology and focus group methods, a care approach was co-developed in collaboration with a SR and public home care services, to promote aging-in-place and delay relocations in LTC. Outcomes were assessed using Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Integrating best practices like staff training, care reorganization, personalized care based on the residents’ life stories, and stronger collaborations with the home care services, this approach allowed older adults with higher assistance needs to remain within their home. Relocations to LTC were delayed by approximately 3 months. Ultimately, aging-in-place was found to be relevant in providing evolving care to older adults living in a SR, though further studies are needed to document its financial impact.

The digital age, while promising tools to advance health care, has simultaneously ushered in new forms of power asymmetry, with extractive data practices risking the perpetuation of historical injustices and structural inequities. Achieving epistemic justice in health data governance initiatives demands a fundamental shift in how knowledge is produced, legitimised and applied. It requires a concerted effort to delink from colonial epistemic hierarchies and to embrace the rich plurality of ways of knowing, ensuring that health data genuinely serves the well-being and prioritises the self-determination of those from all walks of life. This article critically examines Transform Health’s equity- and human rights-based ‘Health Data Governance Principles’ through a decolonial lens, interrogating their potential to foster equity in the rapidly expanding field of digital health. Grounded in a decolonial imperative, the article challenges dominant epistemologies that underpin current global health frameworks. The conceptual foundations and practical applications of the Health Data Governance Principles are then explored in light of the findings of an empirical study undertaken by the author which examined the Principles themselves, organisational perceptions thereof, and efforts towards their operationalisation. In particular, it interrogates whether these principles align with and address the needs and values of historically marginalised communities. Central to this analysis is the introduction of a decolonial nexus that brings into relation the decolonial concepts of ‘health data justice’, ‘epistemological delinking’ and the ‘vernacularisation of human rights’. This approach is intended to not only to expose epistemic injustice within prevailing health data governance models but also to centre emancipatory praxis in reclaiming knowledge, rights and representation in digital health agendas.

This article is an attempt to reconstruct the history of the first Nigerien psychiatric service, and diverse aspects of the ordinary functioning of Pavillon E in Niamey (Niger): the organisation of daily life, the position occupied by coopérant doctors, the precise perimeter and development of practices taken from social and community psychiatry, and relationships with the outside world (families, police, legal system, the public health office).

This research allows us to rehistoricise and refine the details of a period from 1950 to 1980 which, up until now, was viewed as fixed and anachronistic. We draw on precious sources of empirical data – medical and administrative archives, students’ dissertations, oral sources – which invite us to reconsider both colonial/post-colonial (dis)continuities and the temporal caesuras in the literature or in reports from the time.

This landscape of mental healthcare appears to be more or less deeply affected by regional and international dynamics, such as the French coopération system, the networks of ethnopsychiatry and transcultural psychiatry, or the network of pharmaceutical groups and their subsidiaries.

Studying this service also raises the issues of the chronology and daily life of post-independence psychiatric care in francophone West Africa. Finally, our research interrogates the intellectual partitions between reforming disalienist movements and day-to-day psychiatry, and addresses fundamental epistemological questions on how historiography can restore the balance of knowledge between them.

We show that the statement “In every separable pseudometric space there is a maximal non-strictly $\delta $-separated set.” implies the axiom of choice for countable families of sets. This gives answers to a question of Dybowski and Górka [2]. We also prove several related results.

Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), commonly known as potato aphid, is an economically damaging pest in tomato agroecosystem. Farmers often resort to chemical insecticides for its control, but this approach poses long-term ecological challenges. Biological control, which involves the strategic use of natural enemies, offers a more sustainable and effective alternative for managing insects. The syrphid, Episyrphus viridaureus (Weidemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is a natural predator of potato aphid within tomato fields. However, comprehensive information on its developmental biology, population growth parameters, predatory potential and functional response remain limited, prompting this study. In the present study, E. viridaureus was able to complete its lifecycle successfully while feeding on M. euphorbiae with an intrinsic rate of increase (r) (offspring/individual/day) of 0.103 and finite rate of increase (λ) (offspring/day) of 1.108. The larvae of E. viridaureus consumed 332.35 aphids out of which third instar larvae made the maximum contribution by consuming 232.69 aphids. All the three larval instars exhibited a type-II functional response against different densities of M. euphorbiae. Functional response parameters like attack rate (a) increased and handling time (Th) decreased as the larval stages advanced. This research highlights the potential of E. viridaureus as an effective biocontrol agent against M. euphorbiae, contributing to sustainable pest management.

The crystal structure of valganciclovir hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Valganciclovir hydrochloride crystallizes in space group P212121 (#19) with a = 7.07758(23), b = 11.34599(27), c = 49.3041(22) Å, V = 3,959.22(22) Å3, and Z = 8. Solution and refinement of the structure were made difficult by the limited data range, the relatively large size of the structure, the broad diffraction peaks, the relatively low crystallinity, and the significant preferred orientation. The two independent cations are protonated at the N atoms of the valine side chains. The crystal structure is dominated by alternating layers of ring systems and protonated side chains/anions along the c-axis. In addition to the ammonium–Cl hydrogen bonds, the ring systems and side chains are linked into a three-dimensional network by hydrogen bonds. The two independent cations have very different conformations. N–H···Cl, N–H···O, O–H···N, O–H···O, and O–H···Cl, as well as C–H···Cl, C–H···N, and C–H···O hydrogen bonds, are prominent in the structure. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®) as entry 00-071-1641.

Frank Jackson’s Knowledge Argument claims that Mary—a neuroscientist who knows all the physical facts about color perception but has never seen color—learns something new when she sees red, posing a challenge to physicalism. While physicalists deny that Mary acquires knowledge of new facts, they must still explain her apparent epistemic progress. I argue that the intuition that Mary gains new knowledge upon seeing red stems from the alleged opacity of propositional attitude ascriptions—the same phenomenon underlying Frege puzzles.

This paper explores the mathematical connections between the algebraic and relational semantics of Lewis’s logics for counterfactual conditionals. Specifically, we introduce topological variants of Lewis’s well-known possible-worlds semantics—based on spheres, selection functions, and orders—and establish duality results with respect to varieties of Boolean algebras equipped with a counterfactual operator, which serve as the equivalent algebraic semantics of Lewis’s main systems. These results aim to provide a solid mathematical foundation for the study of Lewis’s logics, and offer a new perspective on the most well-known possible worlds-based models. In particular, we write explicit proofs for several results that are often assumed without proof in the literature. Leveraging these duality results, we also derive alternative proofs of strong completeness for Lewis’s variably strict conditional logics with respect to their intended models, and clarify the role of the limit assumption in sphere semantics.

This review summarises evidence from cohort and intervention studies on the relationships between nutrition in early life, epigenetics and lifelong health. Established links include maternal diet quality with conception rates, micronutrient sufficiency before and during pregnancy with preterm birth prevention, gestational vitamin D intake with offspring bone health, preconception iodine status with child IQ, adiposity with offspring obesity and maternal stress with childhood atopic eczema. Animal studies demonstrate that early-life environmental exposures induce lasting phenotypic changes via epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA, with DNA methylation of non-imprinted genes most extensively studied. Human data show that nutrition during pregnancy induces epigenetic changes associated with childhood obesity risk, such as Antisense long Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL, a long non-coding RNA) methylation variations linked to obesity and replicated across multiple populations. Emerging insights reveal that paternal nutrition and lifestyle also modify sperm epigenomics and influence offspring development. Although nutritional-randomised trials in pregnancy remain limited, findings from the NiPPeR trial showed widespread preconception micronutrient deficiencies and indicated that maternal preconception and pregnancy nutritional supplementation can reduce preterm birth and early childhood obesity. The randomised trials UPBEAT and MAVIDOS have shown that nutritional intervention can impact offspring epigenetics. Postnatal nutritional exposures further influence offspring epigenetic profiles, exemplified by ALSPAC cohort findings linking rapid infant weight gain to later methylation changes and increased obesity risk. Together, these studies support a persistent impact of maternal and early-life nutrition on child health and development, underpinned by modifiable epigenetic processes.

Using the Irish experience of public investment and fiscal policy management over the last 25 years, we identify five core lessons. These concern (1) the need for sustained investment effort even when facing tough choices regarding public expenditure, (2) the importance of assessing the adequacy of public capital, (3) counter-cyclicality as an important principle of public investment, (4) crowding-in private investment and (5) the challenge for public investment caused by longer-term challenges such as the necessary climate transition. We also propose two overarching design suggestions for fiscal policy and investment management frameworks.