We derive large- and moderate-deviation results in random networks given as planar directed navigations on homogeneous Poisson point processes. In this non-Markovian routing scheme, starting from the origin, at each consecutive step a Poisson point is joined by an edge to its nearest Poisson point to the right within a cone. We establish precise exponential rates of decay for the probability that the vertical displacement of the random path is unexpectedly large. The proofs rest on controlling the dependencies of the individual steps and the randomness in the horizontal displacement as well as renewal-process arguments.

Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière (Pinaceae), has been causing widespread tree decline and mortality across southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, since its detection there in 2017. To gain basic knowledge of its biology in this novel part of its invaded range in eastern North America, we investigated the effect of predation on A. tsugae densities and conducted repeated surveys of the resident complex of natural enemies. We found only minimal and incidental predation by generalist arthropod predators, confirming the lack of population regulation by resident natural enemies, including predators of other adelgids. Our results suggest the role of escape from natural enemies in the pest’s rapid spread and impact in eastern Canada. In parallel, we tracked the timing of development through the complex life cycle of A. tsugae to compare its phenology to that in other invaded regions and to that of the closely related strain native to western North America. We discuss the implications of the local phenology of A. tsugae in the context of adopting a classical biological control programme, such as has been implemented in the United States of America, through the redistribution of native specialist predators of A. tsugae from British Columbia, Canada.

Let E be an elliptic curve over the rationals which does not have complex multiplication. Serre showed that the adelic representation attached to $E/\mathbb {Q}$ has open image, and in particular, there is a minimal natural number $C_E$ such that the mod $\ell $ representation ${\bar {\rho }}_{E,\ell }$ is surjective for any prime $\ell> C_E$. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, Mayle–Wang gave explicit bounds for $C_E$ which are logarithmic in the conductor of E and have explicit constants. The method is based on using effective forms of the Chebotarev Density Theorem together with the Faltings–Serre method, in particular, using the “deviation group” of the $2$-adic representations attached to two elliptic curves.

By considering quotients of the deviation group and a characterization of the images of the $2$-adic representation $\rho _{E,2}$ by Rouse and Zureick–Brown, we show in this article how to further reduce the constants in Mayle–Wang’s results. Another result of independent interest are improved effective isogeny theorems for elliptic curves over the rationals.

Risks and disputes are prevalent in the illegal online erotic fiction market due to the absence of state protection and enforcement, the lack of accepted criteria for evaluating product quality, the customisation of services, and widespread plagiarism. Drawing on insights from the sociological literature on signalling theory and Varese’s production–trade–governance framework, this article empirically investigates the strategies developed by author-sellers in this market to signal their trustworthiness to customers and resolve disputes. Agents and author-sellers send multiple signals to persuade potential buyers of their trustworthiness and ability, including by sharing writing samples created for previous clients, sharing their collective writing projects, disclosing past transaction records, and being selective about which orders to accept. Agents and author-sellers also offer multiple options for dispute resolution during the sales process, leverage information asymmetry to resolve disputes caused by delivery delays, and utilise neutralisation techniques to address disputes stemming from plagiarism. This research expands the literature on signalling theory, and its findings will hopefully inspire future studies of other illegal online markets.

In 1937 the philosopher Robin Collingwood excavated a henge monument in Cumbria and identified the postholes of a series of timber buildings, which he compared with those at other sites. These structures at Eamont Bridge were replaced by a stone circle. He planned to continue the work for a second season, but was prevented by illness. His project was completed by the famous German scholar Gerhard Bersu, who concluded that many of the features identified two years earlier were of geological origin; others were rootholes and animal burrows. Their projects have played a part in the history of fieldwork, but in recent years influential researchers have tried to rehabilitate Collingwood’s reputation as an excavator. Their views were encouraged by his pivotal role in studies of the northern frontier of Roman Britain. In 2023 parts of the monument at King Arthur’s Round Table were re-excavated with the aim of settling the dispute. The new work supported Bersu’s interpretation, but recognised that Collingwood’s approach was not as misguided as his critics had supposed – it was directly based on his agenda for historical research. The real problem is that he had been working without sufficient experience on a difficult subsoil. This article considers the methods used by both researchers at King Arthur’s Round Table and compares their distinctive approaches to field archaeology.

United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 was adopted in October 2000, marking a historic commitment to advancing women’s participation in peace and security governance, preventing gender-based violence, protecting women’s rights and safety, and ensuring their needs are addressed in post-conflict relief and recovery efforts (Cohn, Kinsella, and Gibbings 2004). Four years after adoption of Resolution 1325, the President of the UN Security Council made a statement applauding “the efforts of Member States in implementing Resolution 1325 (2000) at the national level, including the development of national action plans” and encouraging states “to continue to pursue such implementation” (United Nations Security Council 2004, 3). National action plans (NAPs) are domestic policy documents that articulate their commitments to the implementation of the women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda,1 providing insight into the WPS interests and priorities of states.

Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected parasitic disease and a major global public health issue. This infection exhibits diverse clinical manifestations that, along with the high rates of asymptomatic cases and low-sensitivity diagnostic methods, contribute to the underreporting of the disease. With an estimated 600 million people infected worldwide, this disease is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with poor sanitary conditions, which includes Brazil. Understanding the epidemiology of the disease is essential for the development of control strategies, but the lack of comprehensive data makes it difficult to identify the real impact of the infection, thus leading to underreporting and a lack of awareness of its severity on public health. Given this scenario, this literature review aimed to summarize the reported prevalence and associated factors of strongyloidiasis in Brazil. A total of 33 articles published between 2005 and 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and LiLacs databases using keywords related to strongyloidiasis in Brazil. The data collected in this review indicate that the majority of the published studies are concentrated in the Southeast region of Brazil, with the state of Minas Gerais accounting for the highest number of publications. It was also observed that the prevalence of strongyloidiasis is underestimated due to diagnostic challenges and high rates of false negatives, especially among asymptomatic patients. In addition, the scarcity of specific studies on the disease in Brazil limits the understanding of its true incidence, underscoring the need for further research.

Eric Mandelbaum has reported some troubles with Bayesianism in cognitive science. He has brought some behavioral data to show that belief-updating in humans is fundamentally Bayesian-perverse. I argue that the behaviors which he seeks to explain do not undermine Bayesian accounts of belief-updating and can instead be explained as idiosyncratic consequences of an appropriately bounded implementation of a Bayesian-normative belief-updating system.

We determine the locally flat cobordism distance between torus knots with small and large braid index, up to high precision. Here small means 2, 3, 4, or 6. As an application, we derive a surprising fact about torus knots that appear as cross-sections of almost minimal cobordisms between two-stranded torus knots and the trivial knot.

Audiences for science in the media live and operate, as agents who endow science with social and cultural meanings, in an intermedial world. Following cultural tracers through time and across media, and attending to a key actors’ category, intermediality, historians of the public culture of science can access the social dimension of the mediation of science. Adopting an intermedial approach allows us to attune the historiography of the public culture of science to the evolution of science communication scholarship over the past three decades, and understand the role of audiences in the production of cultural meanings about science.

In test-negative study of residents exposed to viral respiratory infection (VRI), odds of VRI (excluding SARS-CoV-2) was higher with shared room (OR = 2.28, 95% CI, 1.53–3.40) and shared adjoining washroom (OR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.03–2.64) than neighboring rooms. Measures recommended for exposed residents in shared rooms should be considered for shared washrooms.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex-PTSD (cPTSD) can be experienced following experiences of domestic abuse (DA). People who have experienced DA are likely to face re-victimisation, especially when the threat of DA is ongoing. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) is recommended for PTSD. However, there are often concerns about offering this intervention where there is ongoing threat due to fears of desensitisation to risk and lack of stability. Recent reviews have illustrated that, on the contrary, TF-CBT can be effective at reducing PTSD and does not necessarily increase risk. However, research is lacking in community settings. The present case study utilised a single-case experimental design to measure the assessment (Phase A) and treatment (Phase B) of PTSD in response to DA using a TF-CBT model in a community NHS setting where there was a threat of further DA due to ongoing contact with the perpetrator. PTSD, anxiety, and depression scores reduced, and improvements were seen in idiosyncratic measures. Results are discussed in line with ongoing debates regarding offering TF-CBT to those at risk of ongoing threat.

Despite the growing body of research on the intergenerational transmission of problem behavior, there is a need for more integrative approaches that consider the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. This study uses unique longitudinal data from TRAILS (analytic sample n = 2202), a prospective multiple-generation cohort study in the Netherlands to examine whether parents’ problem behavior (parents’ self-reported lifetime antisocial behavior and substance use, reported at mean age 40 years) predicts offspring problem behavior nearly two decades later (offspring self-reported aggression and delinquency at mean ages 29 and 32 years). In path analyses, independent and relative contributions of genetic (polygenic scores of parents and offspring) and environmental (harsh parenting) pathways were tested. Results confirm intergenerational transmission and consistently point to genetic nurture whereby genetic predisposition predicts parental problem behavior, which in turn predicts harsh parenting, which in turn predicts offspring problem behavior, all while accounting for offspring genetic predisposition, sex and family socioeconomic position. Though these findings are surprising in light of genetic contributions to behavior, they allow for tentative considerations regarding implication for practice to help reduce the continuation of problem behaviors across generations.

Pearl millet is a vital nutri-cereal that serves as a staple food and a significant source of calories for millions of people in arid and semi-arid tropical regions. The present work aims to conduct various genetic interpretations using six generations of six crosses, which were evaluated during the South-west monsoon season 2021 and 2022 at IARI, New Delhi, India for different biochemical traits. Amylose content (AC) among all the genotypes varied from 21.3–26.4g/100g, starch content (SC) from 56.1–71.0g/100g, oil content from 5.37–13.2g/100g, total protein content from 5.7–14.7g/100g, phytic acid content from 0.86–1.01g/100g and total phenolic content (TPhC) from 0.06–0.19g/100g. Seed yield per spike (SYS) showed positive correlation with thousand seed weight (TSW) and SC while there was negative correlation with protein content. Significant variation was observed for almost all the traits except in a few cases. AC and SC were governed by both additive and dominant gene actions. However, phytic acid, TPhC, TSW and SYS exhibited a stronger bias towards dominant gene action, therefore selection can be delayed to later generations to achieve greater homozygosity and trait stability. In contrast, oil and protein content were primarily controlled by additive effects, indicating that early-generation selection may prove beneficial for identifying superior breeding lines.