Coarctation of the aorta is characterised by narrowing of the descending aorta and is a rare cause of secondary hypertension in children and young adults. The aortic stenosis lesion is in a special location with severe consequences, and long-term survival is very low, with high rates of disability and mortality, and can be challenging to detect due to its few clinical manifestations. We report a case of a young patient with atrial fibrillation, renal infarction, and acute cerebral infarction, which are consequences of untreated hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta. The purpose of this report is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of coarctation of the aorta as a cause of secondary hypertension in children and young adults.

A museum should be a place where cultures, dialogue, and social relations are enhanced. Given the renewed public interest in the topic, the author poses the question: Is there a need and a possibility to decolonize ethnographic museums? Should we have common and shared practices? In an attempt to eliminate colonial vestiges in museums, an analysis of literature and practices leads the author to analyze five European ethnographic museums in order to understand their merits and shortcomings. The subjectivity of these institutions and the diversity with which colonization can be presented makes the proposal of a single generalized solution not preferable. An objective analysis, based on actions and variables, drives the author to determine, however, that in order to revitalize museum practices, there is a need to create a sharable framework. The design of minimum standards can help museums set clear and measurable goals to achieve a higher level of decolonization.

Capturing the non-cooperative tumbling target by the free-floating space robot stands as a crucial task within on-orbit servicing. However, the strong dynamic coupling of the base-spacecraft and the manipulator seriously disturbs the base-spacecraft, which reduces the power generation efficiency of solar panels and the communication quality with the earth station. In this paper, the trajectory planning method of the free-floating space robot for non-cooperative tumbling target capture based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed, which can reduce the disturbance of the base-spacecraft during target capture. First, the generalized Jacobian matrix of the space robot is derived, from which the dynamics model is obtained. The kinematics model of the space non-cooperative tumbling target is established. And the contact collision dynamics between the space robot and the tumbling target are analysed. Second, the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is introduced to plan the trajectory for capturing the non-cooperative tumbling target, where apart from the motion parameters of the manipulator and the generalized manipulability of the space robot, the pose disturbance of the base-spacecraft is initially added to the reward function. Finally, the simulation for target capture is carried out. The results show that compared with the existing method, the proposed method converges faster with a larger reward, and the pose disturbance of the base-spacecraft is reduced. Moreover, the method performs well for capturing the non-cooperative tumbling target with different initial rotational angular velocities.

We explore the role that large fires played in the early development of the Japanese fire insurance industry. Using a prefecture-level data set spanning 30 years, our econometric analysis shows that large fires led to an increase in new policies and policy renewals, consistent with historical narratives that insurance companies used these events to advertise their business. We also show that this subsequent surge in policies led to more small fires due to arson. Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is more likely to have been due to moral hazard rather than adverse selection.

The Biden administration requested comments regarding “Public and Private Sector Uses of Biometric Technologies” in the Federal Register from October 2021 to January 2022. This generated 130 responses, helped shape the “Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights,” and resulted in Executive Order 14110 on “Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence.” While the Trump administration immediately rescinded this executive order, these comments provide insight into salient AI biometrics technologies and relevant political players. We first identify AI biometric technologies before asking which institutions and individuals commented (RQ1), and what the substance and tenor of responses were regarding the opportunities and threats posed by AI biometrics (RQ2-a) based on respondent type (RQ2-b). We use text mining and qualitative analyses to illuminate how uncertainty about AI biometric technology in this nascent policy subsystem reflects participants’ language use and policy preferences.

The Western European prison reforms of the 1960s and 1970s were based, among other things, on the claim that prison labour should match the conditions of free labour as closely as possible. In reality, prison labour remained forced labour and thus followed its own logic, within which social security and remuneration did not correspond to the free labour market conditions. Prisoners were not and are not workers in the true sense of the word; rather, they oscillate between forced labour and non-work. This article deals with this contradiction, which is still inherent in prison labour in many Western democracies today. Using the example of West Germany, it historicises the relationship between work and punishment behind bars and attempts to show that although the punitive nature of prison work has changed since the late 1960s, it has ultimately never been lost – despite criminal policy objectives to the contrary. It was a normative question of values: how much equality did prisoners deserve?

Micromix combustion technology emerges as a promising solution to address challenges in achieving clean combustion, particularly for hydrogen utilisation. This review provides a critical analysis for the potential of micromixing by delving into its core principles, diverse applications and the factors influencing its performance. The paper focuses on injector design, flame stabilisation and NOx mitigation strategies within the micromixing framework. Key findings include innovative burner designs, optimised air distribution techniques and the crucial role of fuel properties, especially for hydrogen combustion. The review highlights significant reductions in NOx emissions achieved through micromix combustion technology. For instance, NOx emissions were lowered to 2.2 ppm at φ = 0.4, representing a 45% improvement compared to conventional design configurations. Furthermore, a reduction of 40% in NOx emissions compared to standard configurations was observed at an equivalence ratio of 0.65. The study also compares NOx emissions between hydrogen and its blended fuels, showing lower emissions for methane. By highlighting the importance of optimising fuel mixture formation and flame stability for various operating conditions, this review underscores the significance of micromix combustion for advancing sustainable combustion technologies with low NOx emissions and reduced chance of flashback in hydrogen combustion.

Kalicephalus (Molin, 1861) comprises 33 species of gastrointestinal snake and lizard parasites with a cosmopolitan distribution, with seven taxa occurring in the Neotropical realm. In the present study, we describe Kalicephalus atroxi n. sp., found parasitising the snake Bothrops atrox, from the Eastern Amazon in the State of Amapá, North of Brazil. We used an integrative approach that included light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region to describe Kalicephalus atroxi n. sp. The new species has a buccal capsule characteristic of the genus, a slight cuticular inflation in the cephalic region. The females have an amphidelphic reproductive system, a vulva with prominent lips, and a long tail, tapering posteriorly. The males have long and alate spicules, and the copulatory bursa is lobed with dorsal rays with distinct morphology compared to their congeners. Molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions cluster the new species into a well-supported clade with K. costatus costatus, from Chironius fuscus, from the same locality in northern Brazil. Kalicephalus atroxi n. sp. is the eighth species of the genus in the Neotropics, the seventh in Brazil, the second described parasitising B. atrox in Brazil, and the first species of snake nematode described in the State of Amapá.

Despite growing interest in novel treatments for anorexia nervosa, outcomes remain poor – often not because existing interventions are inherently ineffective, but due to systemic barriers that hinder their delivery. Written by a person with lived experience, this article critiques the prioritisation of innovation over implementation, highlighting how funding structures, methodological limitations and ethical practices in research can exacerbate inequalities and constrain real-world impact. It explores the untapped potential of existing treatments, the ethical complexities of researching anorexia nervosa and the risks of reinforcing false dichotomies – such as those between old and new, promise and futility, and body and mind. The paper argues for an integrated approach that values both innovation and refinement, closing current gaps in knowledge and treatment through greater collaboration across disciplines. Recommendations are made to support the orientation of research and care systems towards more effective, personalised and just treatment for anorexia nervosa.

Woodrats of the genus Neotoma are an important study system for ecological and paleoecological research. However, paleontological studies are often hindered by the difficulty of identifying woodrat remains to species. We address this limitation by using 2D landmark-based geometric morphometrics to classify 199 lower first molars (m1s) of five extant western North American Neotoma species (N. albigula, N. cinerea, N. fuscipes, N. lepida, and N. macrotis) collected throughout California. We then use discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) models to identify Late Pleistocene fossils of unknown species from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, California. DAPC correctly identifies ∼85–90% of extant individuals to species, with most misclassifications occurring between sister taxa N. fuscipes and N. macrotis. Most fossil m1s are classified as N. macrotis by DAPC, which may be the first confirmation of N. macrotis in the fossil record. We show that landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses are generally effective at differentiating m1s of extant Neotoma species in California and they are an auspicious method for unknown fossil identification. Further applications of this method across a broader range of geographic locations and species will better contextualize its utility.

In the early 2000s, Ramakrishna asked the question: for the elliptic curve

\[E\;:\; y^2 = x^3 - x,\]

$a_p(E)$

$E/\mathbb{Q}$