The Kurdish movement in Turkey illustrates a complex struggle for political recognition and decolonization. The article examines this dual strategic orientation, focusing on the peace process initiated in October 2024 between the Turkish state and Kurdish representatives. Through a detailed and symptomatic reading of the two texts by Abdullah Öcalan, February Call and Perspektif, the article aims to demonstrate that the movement both interacts with the state to secure democratic prerequisites for political participation and continues to promote a radical critique of capitalist modernity and nation-state structures. Drawing upon Axel Honneth’s recognition theory and Étienne Balibar’s concept of “equaliberty,” the struggle for recognition is no longer seen just to result in a depoliticization through governmental control, but is rethought as building the capacity to stage an ongoing, performative process that manages the constitutive tension between equality and autonomy within Kurdish decolonial practice. This approach raises questions about how the movement navigates state structures while promoting alternative social institutions and epistemic spaces, including the problematic site of communes as a form of democratic autonomous experimentation.

A candidate for the effective 2-topos is proposed and shown to include the effective 1-topos as its subcategory of 0-types.

To evaluate ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection, we interviewed 34 personnel at 22 Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. Barriers included safety concerns, patient volumes, staffing, and costs. Facilitators included education and interprofessional communication. An implementation toolkit, interprofessional collaboration, and leadership support could optimize UV-C integration into VA infection prevention.

In this paper, we prove the uniqueness of positive solutions for the following Choquard equation involving logarithm convolution

\begin{equation*}-\Delta u(x)=e^{[\int_{\mathbb R^N} \ln{\frac {|y|}{|x-y|}}u(y)^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}\,dy]}u(x)^{\frac{N}{N-2}}\quad {\rm in}\ \mathbb{R}^N\end{equation*}

where $N\geq 3$. Under the assumptions that

\begin{equation*}{\int_{\mathbb R^N}} e^{\frac{N+2}2[\int_{\mathbb R^N} \ln{\frac {|y|}{|x-y|}}u(y)^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}\,dy]}\,dx \lt \infty,\ {\int_{\mathbb R^N}} u^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}}\,dx \lt \infty \quad{\rm and }\quad {\int_{\mathbb R^N}} u^{\frac{2N}{N-2}}\,dx \lt \infty,\end{equation*}

we show that any positive solution of the above equation must have the following form

\begin{equation*}u(x)=(\frac{C\varepsilon}{\varepsilon^2+|x-x_0|^2})^{\frac{N-2}2},\end{equation*}

where $C$ is a positive constant, $\varepsilon \gt 0$ and $x_0\in \mathbb R^N$ are two parameters.

Previous studies have primarily advocated enhancing the deterrent effects of sanctions against offending firms to prevent organizational environmental violations. However, despite stricter regulatory environments, violations that cross the ‘red line’ remain pervasive. Limited research has delved into the factors that influence an organization’s ability to learn from environmental sanctions imposed on others. To address this gap, inspired by social learning theory, we examine whether environmental sanctions imposed on violating firms deter environmental governance among their industry and regional peers using a sample of Chinese-listed firms from 2008 to 2021. Our findings indicate that increasing the frequency and severity of penalties for offending firms – particularly those leading firms and state-owned-enterprises or those with close ties – can affect the environmental governance practices of their peers, both in terms of process and outcome, underscoring the critical role of peer influence in enforcing environmental regulations. Additionally, the current article also concludes that the general deterrence effect on peers is more pronounced in competitive industries and regions with underdeveloped legal frameworks.

This article contributes to a growing body of literature on special jurisprudence through a case study of energy law as an emergent area of law that is perceived to lack a clear understanding of its definition, foundations and doctrine. The article has two functions that both seek to integrate the literature on special (as opposed to general) jurisprudence with that on energy law as a legal discipline and an independent area of law. The first is to explain why the lack of a doctrine is a problem for a field like energy law, thus motivating the creation of a special jurisprudence. The second is to outline how the foundations of the discipline could be deliberatively developed in a meaningful and methodologically justified way.

Based on an analysis of the situation in France after the uprising of May 13, 1958, this article analyzes the theoretical and empirical class of ambiguous political events. During such events, the holders of political power, faced with an actor who has assumed a political role by transgressing the established order, must take a stance. Since contradictory meanings can be attributed to the challenger’s actions based on the categories of thought constituting that order, the power holders experience an ambiguity: they are unable to say “how things stand with what is,” to use Luc Boltanski’s expression. The challenge, then, is to elucidate both the process through which they can leave their cognitive uncertainty behind and the conditions that would make that possible. This approach sheds light on the transition from one political order to another.

Adapting Barker’s ((2019). The Journal of Navigation, 72(3), 539–554) taxonomy of wayfinding behaviours – originally developed for man-made environments, paper and screen – we examined which behaviours are also found in the outdoors. In the analysis of the collected data from a questionnaire (n=401), we find that participants employ every category in Barker’s framework of social, semantic and spatial behaviours. Our respondents report the use of digital maps on a mobile phone as the most common behaviour, with following directional signs as the second most used. Furthermore, social wayfinding behaviours figure prominently and the participants express preferences for various information sources. We demonstrate similarities of behaviours across the different types of environments and we confirm the applicability of Barker’s taxonomy of wayfinding behaviours also in nature. Our study generates knowledge that potentially can make navigation simpler and more efficient through wayfinding design, and lead to heightened feeling of safety in the outdoors. Wayfinding behaviour studies, like this one, can serve as a bridge between human psychology and practical design.

For each three-dimensional non-Lie Leibniz algebra over the complex numbers, we describe the algebra of polynomial invariants and determine its group of automorphisms. As a consequence, we establish that any two non-nilpotent three-dimensional non-Lie Leibniz algebras can be distinguished by the traces of degrees $\leqslant 2$ and by the dimensions of their automorphism groups.

When the nine-year-old Susan Knell wrote to Leonard Bernstein in March 1962 from her family home in Ossining, New York, she had very little — if any — concept of ‘the archive’. Nor were posterity or history-making remotely in her mind. The second child of highly educated Jewish parents, she had been studying the piano because ‘it was something that kids were expected to [do]’.2 Exactly how the letter came about she does not recall. Most likely, one of her parents encouraged her to write to him: ‘They were very impressed by […] famous people who were accomplished’, she reflected. ‘And we were Jewish. And so I think there was that connection with Bernstein.’ Armed with a sheet of lined paper, torn from the pad in such a way that one of the five pre-punched holes was left ripped, she penned her missive. The careful formatting reflected her awareness of ‘good etiquette’, but was also at odds with the childish scrawl, an incongruity suggestive of children’s tendency to do things ‘correctly’, up to a point. Once posted, the letter was sooner or later forgotten by Susan — and likewise was the photograph reportedly sent by return, which she has no memory of ever receiving.3

Developing Consumers: A History of Wants and Needs in Postwar South America offers a comparative social and economic history of South America’s developmental decades, from the 1950s to the mid-1970s. In the aftermath of World War II, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile implemented state-led strategies to secure economic sovereignty, raise living standards, and expand domestic markets. These policies made durable goods such as refrigerators, automobiles, and televisions increasingly available, yet access remained uneven across class, gender, and racial lines. By the 1960s, these commodities had become powerful symbols of modern well-being.

The dissertation examines how people experienced this transformation and how new forms of consumption reshaped ideas of welfare, citizenship, and inequality. By the decade’s end, it was clear that the developmental state could not deliver social mobility or universal access to modern comforts, leading to widespread frustration. Policy makers, marketing experts, and intellectuals debated how to “rationalize” consumption—deciding which needs should be guaranteed for all and which reflected elite privilege.

Non-compete clauses (NCCs) are widely used and discussed, but often too narrowly. While conventional accounts focus on the benefits of NCCs to employers, Harrison Frye has proposed that they can also serve employees by acting as a clear, costly signal. I argue that both views rely on an overly narrow analysis. A wider view shows that NCCs cause market failures, undermining their utility as protective or signalling devices. Because of these negative effects, I extend Frye’s account to argue that NCCs should be used only as targeted interventions under exceptional conditions, if they are used at all.

Building on the premise that etiquette (adab-ı muaşeret) is a crucial component in understanding Turkish cultural modernization, this article examines how the Turkish military incorporated Western manners during the Republican era. While the military’s role in supporting Westernization is well documented, less scholarly attention has been paid to the internalization and practice of Western cultural norms, particularly etiquette, within military circles. Conceptualizing manners as a disciplined and refined mode of conduct, this study investigates how Western etiquette was transmitted to military officers and integrated into their personal and professional lives. The article argues that, although military texts on etiquette presented Western manners as essential to social status and modernization, their implementation was characterized by selective adoption, ambiguity, and even resistance. These texts, often compiled by officers themselves, reflect both a desire to assert cultural authority and the complex, negotiated process of Westernization. Drawing on two primary sources – etiquette manuals and officers’ self-narratives – the study illuminates the contested and dynamic nature of adopting Western norms. This dual approach highlights the formation of a cultural identity among officers marked by eclecticism and ambivalence, revealing broader tensions within the Turkish modernization project.