This article focuses on Jewish political stances in early post-war and post-Holocaust Poland and explores why so many Polish Jews supported the new communist-dominated regime after 1945, despite the fact that only a small minority held communist political views. While acknowledging the impact of Holocaust experiences, the weakness of the Polish Jewish community after the war and the widespread perception that the communist regime was the only possible bulwark against post-war anti-Jewish violence, this article offers a different perspective in foregrounding the inter-war experiences of Polish Jews. Drawing upon a wide variety of sources in Polish, Yiddish, Hebrew and English, this article argues that inter-war experiences shaped Polish Jews’ understandings of the emerging post-war social and political system, as well as their political stances towards the new state.

This analysis explores the impact of the Myanmar earthquake on March 28, 2025 and its subsequent effects on Thailand and Myanmar by collecting and synthesizing data on immediate casualties, infrastructural damage, humanitarian needs, disaster preparedness in both countries, and relevant theoretical concepts. The earthquake in Myanmar has created a major humanitarian crisis, compounded by existing weaknesses, while the effects in Thailand have highlighted significant gaps in urban safety protocols. Differences in preparedness and societal awareness have influenced the outcomes in each country, emphasizing the urgent need to strengthen resilience capacities across the affected region.

Étant donnée une suite $A = (a_n)_{n\geqslant 0}$ d’entiers naturels tous au moins égaux à 2, on pose $q_0 = 1$ et, pour tout entier naturel n, $q_{n+1} = a_n q_n$. Tout nombre entier naturel $n\geqslant 1$ admet une unique représentation dans la base A, dite de Cantor, de la forme

$$ \begin{align*} m = \sum_{j\geqslant 0}\varepsilon_j(m)q_j\quad \text{avec} \quad 0\leqslant \varepsilon_j(m) < a_j = \frac{q_{j+1}}{q_j}. \end{align*} $$

$$ \begin{align*} S = \sum_{n \leqslant x}\Lambda(n) f(n) \end{align*} $$

$\Lambda $

$(a_n)_{n\geqslant 0}$

Nous étudions plusieurs exemples dans la base $A = (j+2)_{j\geqslant 0}$, dite factorielle. En particulier, si $s_A$ désigne la fonction somme de chiffres dans cette base et p parcourt la suite des nombres premiers, nous montrons que la suite $(s_A(p))_{p\in \mathcal {P}}$ est bien répartie dans les progressions arithmétiques, et que la suite $(\alpha s_A(p))_{p\in \mathcal {P}}$ est équirépartie modulo $1$ pour tout nombre irrationnel $\alpha $.

This essay defends a new interpretation of Kant’s account of the theoretical use of the ideas of reason based on the idea that reason is the faculty that delivers comprehension, i.e., cognition that essentially involves explanatory understanding. I argue that the ideas are conditions of the possibility of comprehension, just as the categories are conditions of the possibility of experience. In virtue of being constitutive of comprehension, the ideas are also regulative of experience. For experience is acquired not for its own sake but for the sake of comprehension.

Biber Deresi is an open-air site located on the Assos/Behram, Çanakkale coast, associated with river systems and raw material sources. The site’s particular importance is owed to the discovery of the most extensive Lower and Middle Palaeolithic assemblage yet identified on the Aegean coast of Türkiye. The lithic assemblage is characterized by a significant number of large cutting tools, including handaxes, cleavers, and trihedral picks, as well as pebble core tools, which are predominantly chopping tools. Flakes produced from both unprepared and prepared cores predominate. It is evident that, during the Pleistocene low sea level period, the region had a continuous connection with Lesvos and, via the eastern Aegean islands, with mainland Greece. Biber Deresi is identified as a key site, facilitating hominin movement and communication between Asia and Europe, and providing a novel contribution to the Palaeolithic map of the Aegean.

The charismatic renewal in the early 1960s was a significant development in global Christianity, creating theological and pastoral debates and disagreements with both local and international dimensions. This article sets the controversy between the leading Anglicans John Stott and Michael Harper within the wider cultural context that impacted the initial rise of the charismatic movement, and its subsequent growing global acceptance. The Stott-Harper debates contributed notably to the long-term domestication of the charismatic movement within an established Church, keeping most charismatic Anglicans within the Evangelical tradition. Conservative Evangelicals were enabled to adjust constructively to the growing ‘charismatisation’ of global Evangelicalism.

It is known that interval type-2 fuzzy logic controllers (IT2FLC) with footprint of uncertainty (FOU) in terms of membership function (MF) have been developed as an effective control method to ensure control in systems where uncertainties and nonlinear situations are high, such as quadrotor control, and have been the subject of many studies. Designing and optimising parameters of IT2FLC controllers is complex and time-consuming. To overcome this situation, an optimisation method based on NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) was applied. ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) was chosen as the performance criterion. IT2FLC-NSGA-PID and NSGA-PID controllers were compared and it was observed that the IT2FLC-NSGA-PID controller gave better results. As a result, the superiority of the proposed controller over the other controllers is a better overshoot ratio, a faster settling time, a lower steady state error and a robust system response against uncertainties and disturbances in nonlinear systems.

Scholars of late antique liturgy usually find the origins of baptismal imagery in the Bible and the daily life of early Christians. This article reveals that some metaphors, such as the ‘furnace’ image, may also come from pre-Christian literature. In ancient Greek and Mesopotamian sources, the female uterus is compared to a furnace. This article argues that, based on its use in pre-Christian literature, the furnace image might also be considered feminine. This image describes a broader range of activities in baptism than that ascribed to female agency until now and seems more empowering for today's women.

We analyze how new technologies can be used to foster individual engagement that limits deliberation and reduces people’s capacity for political action within parties. We present the results of an analysis of the case of the Argentinean Propuesta Republicana (PRO). Using data from in-depth interviews with key actors—party elites and political consultants—we show that new technologies helped to mobilize almost 1 million volunteers in presidential elections, without transforming them into party stakeholders. This incorporation, though successful for organization and mobilization, reinforced the existing distribution of power within the party, by activating new adherents without engaging them in a collective organizational structure.

Is general intelligence (g) a reflective construct, representing a latent causal entity underlying subtest performance, or a formative construct, better understood as an aggregate variable shaped by and summarizing variation across subtests? Genetically informative data provide a framework for testing whether a construct is reflective or formative by comparing common pathway and independent pathways structural equation models (SEMs). Previous studies using biometric SEMs have predominantly supported the reflective model, with phenotypic g mediating the effects of additive genetic and environmental influences on lower level abilities. In the current study, four large genetically informed datasets (three from the US and one from the UK) were analyzed to test three competing SEM models — common pathway, independent pathways, and merged — using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Genetic g was estimated in each sample as a latent variable derived from polygenic scores indexing educational attainment and cognitive abilities. The models were compared as follows: the common pathway model, consistent with a reflective g, included a direct path from genetic g to phenotypic g; the independent pathways model, consistent with a formative g, featured indirect paths from genetic g to phenotypic g via subtests; and the merged model incorporated both direct and indirect paths. Across all four datasets, the merged model consistently provided the best fit (based on goodness-of-fit and parsimony criteria). Phenotypic g mediated between 31% and 81% of the effects of genetic g on subtests. These findings suggest that g functions as both a reflective and formative entity.

This article argues that we must look beyond Paolo Sarpi's infamous history of the Council of Trent to understand the culture of reading about the council in early modern Italy. We unearth prohibited works that garnered more attention from Rome than Sarpi's, and we show that these were widely read in multiple formats across Italy from the late sixteenth through the eighteenth century. By recovering this history, we can see Sarpi's magnum opus in a new light: as one of many works that sought to make sense of the council, working within and around serious constraints.

The relationship between law and autocratization is usually discussed with reference to the judiciary and how a powerful executive can encroach on the domain of the judicial branch. In this article, I suggest that the legal profession also needs to be brought into the discussion on autocratic legalism. Taking Turkey as my case, I put forward two main arguments: first, that, in national contexts where the legal profession is perceived to be originally and organically tied to the state—the “ancien regime” that aspiring autocrats try to dismantle—autocratic legalism involves efforts to overtake not only the judiciary but also such legal professional institutions as bar associations and their umbrella organizations and, second, that legal autocratization is made possible not only through such conscious/targeted attacks but also through processes and policies that are intended for other goals. In Turkey, the neoliberalization of legal education through a populist discourse and the consequent massive increase in the lawyer population has created heterogeneity and multiple fault lines within the profession. Such dynamics have created not only apathy, particularly on the part of young(er) lawyers, but also a weakening of the profession as a whole, preparing the groundwork for the more intentional attacks of the autocratic government. The result, I argue, is “professional liquidation.”