“Oriental confectioners” were a separate administrative category of craftsmen in early socialist Slovenia. The group of mainly Albanian-speaking seasonal craftsmen came from the rural Polog basin in North Macedonia during the interwar period and continued migrating to Slovenia in the profoundly changed postwar context. The emerging socialist authorities cast private craft businesses as potentially antisocialist. Employing a textual analysis of craft-related archival documents from the period (1945–1955), the article explores the treatment of Albanian migrants by the nascent bureaucracy in the People’s Republic of Slovenia. The key argument posited is two-fold. Firstly, the economic exclusion of Albanian migrant craftsmen extended beyond socialist distrust towards private enterprise. Exclusion was deeply intertwined with Slovenia’s orientalist, balkanist, and possibly racist perceptions, which culturally diminished craftsmen’s origins and products, and placed Albanian migrants in a conflicting position with socialist modernization. Secondly, and in contrast to the first point, the state’s treatment was not uniformly discriminatory. Albanian migrants were often able to negotiate their inclusion into the urban economy by appealing to socialist morality, to which socialist authorities at the republican level were particularly receptive.

Geochemical and 40Ar/39Ar age analyses of a new exposure of a previously destroyed volcanic ash locality within the Airport Terrace above the Middle Popo Agie River in Lander, Wyoming, allows us to re-establish it as Lava Creek A from the last major eruption of the Yellowstone caldera, with a weighted mean age of 628.2 ± 4.1 ka. Confirmation of the ash as Lava Creek more firmly establishes correlation of the terrace with the WR-7 terraces along the Wind River that contain Lava Creek ash and with outwash correlated to the Sacagawea Ridge type moraine at Dinwoody Lakes. By projecting the Airport Terrace gradient upstream, we show that it grades to the previously mapped terminus of the Sacagawea Ridge valley glacier. Additionally, 10Be boulder-exposure ages of ca. 521, ca. 554, and ca. 556 ka from Sacagawea Ridge moraines in nearby canyons support more closely constraining the Sacagawea Ridge glaciation here to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 16, which corresponds with recent evidence for an advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at this time in the U.S. midcontinent.

In recent years, Uruguay has experienced a growing increase in service work that is typical of informational and digital capitalism. The case of work on digital platforms is a paradigmatic example of the changes in work modalities in the country. These platforms present informal, flexible work modalities that must meet goals or objectives within a work process measured and controlled by algorithms. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of union experiences developed in a service platform company. We focus on the collective experience of the Union of PedidosYa Workers to shed light on the strategies employed within the union movement in relation to these non-traditional workers. Our research enabled us to identify an array of difficulties for union organisation in these sectors, ranging from the institutional framework in which forms of collective action are developed to the specific characteristics of the forms of work organisation.

This article examines the interplay between fiscal policy and investments in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation is funded by public revenues from taxation and public bonds, whereas households can invest in mitigation and receive subsidies. We show that adaptation and mitigation are substitutes or complements, depending on the level of economic development and fiscal policy decisions. If the capital stock is initially low, adaptation and mitigation are complements (resp. substitutes) if the mitigation subsidy is low (resp. high). When the government is in debt, we show that increasing public spending to finance adaptation and/or mitigation could be beneficial if the capital stock is high enough but could be detrimental for countries with low capital stock. Thus, we add a new argument to the debate on the optimal mix between adaptation and mitigation, namely fiscal policy and the funding schemes of these investments. Finally, we propose extensions that consider a level of adaptation proportional to pollution flow, debt financing of public investment, and public mitigation investment alongside private adaptation investment.

Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia is a rare cardiac malformation. This entity is easily diagnosed if its key features are recognised, but will puzzle the clinician who is not aware of its existence. It is characterised by echocardiographic findings of a spherical left ventricle, an elongated right ventricle wrapping around the deficient left ventricular apex, and abnormal papillary muscles’ origin.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease has no definitive cure apart from lung transplant. The reverse Potts shunt can be a palliative bridge to transplant. A post-arrest 14-year-old with severe pulmonary veno-occlusive disease on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was decannulated after reverse Potts shunt and survived to lung transplant. Reverse Potts shunt should be considered as a rescue in select patients with end-stage pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.

The South African case, Council for the Advancement of the South African Constitution and Others v Ingonyama Trust and Others (CASAC) concerned a dispute between customary law communities and the Ingonyama Trust (the Trust). The Trust, which holds the land for the benefit and welfare of its communities sought to unilaterally convert customary land tenure to common law leaseholds. The communities successfully challenged this decision before the Kwazulu-Natal High Court and, in this case note, I appraise the court’s reasoning. Although the order was progressive, there remained space within its reasoning to affirm customary law tenure on its own accord. Instead, the CASAC court restrained the development of customary law by employing other sources of South African law – including statutory law, the common law and the Constitution – to explain and give meaning to customary law land rights. Courts must exercise caution in engaging the plurality of land tenure in post-colonial contexts: although well-intentioned, the judicial reasoning in CASAC marginalized the application and development of customary land law.

Through the analysis of a series of different documents preserved in the Fondo Tremaglia, I reconstruct the genesis and development of the National Day of Italian Labour Sacrifices in the World (Giornata nazionale del sacrificio del lavoro italiano nel mondo). The holiday was conceived by Minister for Italians in the World Mirko Tremaglia and designated by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi at the end of 2001. The analysis focuses on the recovery and exaltation of the memory of the Italian miners who died in the Marcinelle mining disaster in 1956, on the political and cultural dynamics of Italy at the time, and on Tremaglia’s saloino (he voluntarily joined the Italian Social Republic and was enlisted in the National Republican Guard) and missino (term used to refer to the members of the Movimento Sociale Italiano) past. The result is a multifaceted scenario for a commemoration that still exists today, but is largely unknown in the country where it was created.

Nigeria’s legal system is pluralistic with the common law, Islamic law and customary law as the main legal traditions. These legal traditions have their courts within a unified judiciary. Disputes relating to the appointment of imams often end in the English-style courts rather than Islamic courts. This paper examines the controversies regarding which courts within the Nigerian plural courts system have or should have the original and appellate jurisdiction in such disputes. The paper argues that mosques are waqf properties and thus should come within the ambit of Islamic personal law as defined by the Constitution. The paper concludes, inter alia, that in all instances, the courts vested with jurisdiction to hear disputes relating to the appointment of imams should be operated by judges who are learned in Islamic law and where this is not possible, the courts should use assessors who are experts in Islamic law to assist the judges.

Adolescents who experience bereavement following suicide are at increased risk for adverse outcomes, including depression. However, there is limited research on the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms or its long-term course among this population. Using a self-reported 3-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) administered across five waves spanning from adolescence to adulthood (1994–2018, with intervals of 1, 5, 7, and 9 years), we identified trajectories of depressive symptoms over a 24-year span in a sample of adolescents (n = 236) who reported at baseline having lost a family member or friend to suicide in the last 12 months. We identified three distinct depressive symptom trajectories: Stable low symptoms (77.5%), initially high but gradually declining symptoms (16.9%), and initially low but gradually increasing symptoms (5.5%). Race, neuroticism, sleep quality, and age were significant predictors that differentiated membership among the three trajectory groups. Implications for developing personalized assessment and intervention are discussed.

This article discusses pronominal gender agreement in Dutch. Based on a sentence completion task filled out by about 10,000 speakers, we provide evidence for the claim that there is an ongoing shift from lexical to semantic agreement in Dutch, even in a formal register. Results of correspondence and cluster analyses indicate that nouns with the same degree of individuation group together. Furthermore, the analyses reveal an age effect, with three distinct speaker groups that follow a specific gender agreement pattern. Younger speakers are more semantically oriented than older speakers, who are more lexically oriented, which points to apparent-time language change.

A neonate with unbalanced right-dominant atrioventricular canal defect with intact atrial septum and abnormal pulmonary venous return developed bradycardic arrest and a subsequent diagnosis of tracheal rings and left lung aplasia. This report details the fatal nature of the triad of hypoplastic left heart, pulmonary venous obstruction, and airway anomalies, along with the role of advanced imaging in prognostication.

The doctrine that God is unlimited in power has been challenged recently by figures such as Thomas Oord and Philip Goff. This article responds to these challenges from the perspective of classical theism. It is argued that omnipotence follows from God’s being the reason why there is something rather than nothing, and that understanding God in this way is the only coherent way of fleshing out the claim that God is the creator. The relationship of creator and creature is discussed, and the point is made that God and creatures are not in metaphysical competition, defusing Oord’s worry that an omnipotent God would be controlling. The issue of evil in the world, and its claimed incompatibility with omnipotence is broached. In response to concerns about evil and omnipotence appeal is made to Brian Davies’ work on classical theism and evil, before concluding that the Christian classical theist can acknowledge there being a mystery about the presence of evil in the world whilst, without prejudice to her intellectual integrity, resting trustfully in the mysterious love of God.