Technology neutrality is a guiding principle of the European Union’s technology regulation, stating that legislation should not favour or discriminate against any particular technology, but rather focus on the effects or functions of technologies broadly. This article examines the principle as a way to future-proof regulation by allowing legislation to adapt to the changes in technology over time. Effects of technology neutrality have not been sufficiently analysed in the novel context of regulation of artificial intelligence, which arguably poses more significant societal risks than telecommunications, where the principle first evolved. To address this gap in research, this article analyses whether the technology neutral nature of the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) renders it more future-proof. It identifies three main factors that affect future-proofness of the AI Act in light of technology neutrality: definition of AI, the risk-based approach and its enforcement mechanisms. The findings indicate that the AI Act’s deviations from technology neutrality, including specific provisions for general-purpose AI models significantly improved its scope and future-proofness. Thus, technology neutrality and future-proof regulation should not be treated synonymously, and strict adherence to neutrality may even obscure the political choices and democratic agency essential for AI regulation.

The assessment of soil–structure interaction (SSI) under dynamic loading conditions remains a challenging task due to the complexities of modeling this system and the interplay of SSI effects, which is also characterized by uncertainties across varying loading scenarios. This field of research encompasses a wide range of engineering structures, including underground tunnels. In this study, a surrogate model based on a regression ensemble model has been developed for real-time assessment of underground tunnels under dynamic loads. The surrogate model utilizes synthetic data generated using Latin hypercube sampling, significantly reducing the required dataset size while maintaining accuracy. The synthetic dataset is constructed using an accurate numerical model that integrates the two-and-a-half-dimensional singular boundary method for modeling wave propagation in the soil with the finite element method for structural modeling. This hybrid approach allows for a precise representation of the dynamic interaction between tunnels and the surrounding soil. The validation and optimization algorithms are evaluated for two problems: underground railway tunnels with circular and rectangular cross-sections, both embedded in a homogenous full-space medium. Both geometrical and material characteristics of the underground tunnel are incorporated into the optimization process. The optimization target is to minimize elastic wave propagation in the surrounding soil. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimization framework, which combines the Bayesian optimization algorithm with surrogate models, effectively explores trade-offs among multiple design parameters. This enables the design of underground railway tunnels that achieve an optimal balance between elastic wave propagation performance, material properties, and geometric constraints.

This study was designed to explore changes in soil bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC stocks, and soil labile organic carbon (C) fractions after 5 years of soil tillage management under the double-cropping rice system in southern of China. The experiment included four soil tillage treatments: rotary tillage with all crop residues removed as a control (RTO); conventional tillage with crop residues incorporation (CT); rotary tillage with crop residues incorporation (RT); and no-tillage with crop residues retention. Our results revealed that soil tillage combined with crop residue incorporation (CT and RT) significantly decreased BD at 0–20 cm soil layer compared to RTO treatment. SOC content and stocks were increased with the application of crop residues. Compared with RTO treatment, SOC content and stocks were increased by 16.8% and 9.8% in CT treatment, respectively. Soil non-labile C content and proportion of labile C were increased due to crop residue incorporation. Compared with RTO treatment, soil proportion of C mineralisation (Cmin), permanganate oxidisable C (KMnO4), particulate organic C (POC), and microbial biomass C (MBC) was increased by 196.1%, 41.4%, 31.4%, and 17.1% under CT treatment, respectively. These results were confirmed by the carbon management index, which was significantly increased under soil tillage with crop residue incorporation. Here, we demonstrated that soil tillage and crop residue incorporation can increase the pool of stable C at surface soil layer while increasing labile C content and proportion. In conclusion, conventional or rotary tillage combined with crop residue incorporation is a soil management able to improve nutrient cycling and soil quality in paddy fields in southern China.

When implementing EU policies, national policy bureaucracies often face a goal conflict when national policy preferences are not aligned with the EU policy and they are granted little discretion in implementation: While customized implementation allows them to adjust EU policies to the national context, it also risks noncompliance with EU law and blame for unpopular EU policies. This bureaucratic politics perspective has received little attention in institutionalist and interest-based explanations of customized implementation. With a bureaucratic politics approach, this article argues that national governments pursue strategies of blame avoidance and reputation seeking when confronted with high goal conflict between timely and correct implementation and substantive (national) policy goals. This argument is illustrated in a comparative case study on the implementation of the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive in France and Germany. This article identifies bureaucratic strategies of blame avoidance and reputation seeking as an underlying mechanism of customized implementation.

Distribution channels such as bancassurance, brokers, agents, direct online sales, and insurance aggregators have been key to ensuring premium growth for both life and non-life insurers. However in recent years, an emerging channel known as embedded insurance has started to provide insurers with a brand-new growth driver. In this paper, we first present an introduction to embedded insurance – what it is and how it will shape insurance distribution in the industry. We then introduce a framework to classify embedded insurance recommendation system. Finally, we propose a novel insurance recommendation system using supervised learning algorithms that can be applied to e-commerce platforms. This needs-based collaborative filtering technique recommends one of three insurance products that would be most appropriate for each buyer on the Olist e-commerce platform based on order-level data. Our work is relevant for actuaries in this field interested in the pricing of embedded insurance risk as well as insurers seeking to improve insurance penetration on such platforms.

Monkeypox (mpox) has re-emerged as global public health concern including in several non-endemic countries. This study aims to characterize monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomes in Indonesia, to explore viral evolution and transmission. Genomic analysis was conducted on 53 isolates from Indonesian mpox patients between 2023 and 2024. All sequences belonged to Clade IIb, with identified sub-clades including A.1.1, B.1, B.1.3, and C.1 – of which C.1 became dominant during this period. Out of 87 mpox-confirmed cases, 60.9% (53/87) were successfully sequenced and submitted to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). The majority of cases in Indonesia occurred among males (95.4%), men who have sex with men (59.8%), and people living with HIV/AIDS (71.3%). Notably, a large portion of cases had no travel history, suggesting local transmission. Initially, only clade IIb (B.1) was detected in October 2022. By August 2023, lineage diversity had increased, with B.1.3 and C.1 emerging as the predominant sub-clades. A time–calibrated phylogenetic tree revealed genetic relatedness and shared ancestry within clade IIb. Integrating genomic and epidemiological data offers valuable insights to improve mpox surveillance and public health response in Indonesia and the broader region

Women in the perinatal phase are at an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems, but in low and middle-income countries such as India, perinatal mental health (PMH) care provision is often scarce. This situational analysis presents the formative findings of the SMARThealth Pregnancy and Mental Health (PRAMH) project (Votruba et al. 2023). It investigates the nature and availability of maternal mental health policies, legislation, systems and services, as well as relevant context and community in India on a national, state (Haryana and Telangana) and district (Faridabad and Siddipet) level. A desktop, scoping review and informal interviews with mental health experts were conducted. Socio-demographic and maternal health indicators vary between Haryana and Telangana. No specific national PMH policy or plan is available. General mental health services exist at a district level within Siddipet and Faridabad, but no specific PMH services have been identified.

The coupling of the disruptive processes of digitalization and the green transformation in a so-called “Twin Transformation” is already being considered a strategic step within the European Union and is discussed in the academic sphere. Strategically, this coupling is necessary and meaningful to realize synergies and to avoid counterproductive effects, such as rebound effects or lock-in effects, particularly given the time constraints imposed by climate change. The European data strategy not only calls for the establishment of various data spaces, such as the data space for the European Green New Deal, but also calls for the opening, integration, and utilization of European data for stakeholders from administration, business, and civil society. Considering this, it is argued that administrative informatics as a discipline could be integrated as an additional analytical perspective into the political science heuristic of the policy cycle. This integration offers substantial added value for analyzing and shaping the policy processes of the European Green transformation. Moreover, this heuristic approach enables the ex-ante prediction of changes in policymaking based on the theories, models, methods, and application areas of administrative informatics. Building on this premise, this article provides insights into the application of the proposed heuristic using the example of the European Green transformation. It analyzes the resulting implications for the analysis of policymaking considering an increasingly digitalized public administration.

This article examines the narrative strategies employed in the representation of world literature history, departing from the chronological and geographical divisions used in the recently published four-volume work, Literature: A World History. The separation of the narrative paths by continents may appear overly mechanical, but the work demonstrates remarkable flexibility in this regard. The example of classical literature is particularly illustrative. Despite the chapters belonging to the ‘Europe’ category, the work discusses literature produced in all three continents around the Mediterranean together and without any mechanical separation. Although divisions in a narrative of such a vast scope are unavoidable, it is essential to apply them in a flexible manner.

In this article, we argue that Brazilian tan lines constitute a new site of race and class struggle on and over women’s bodies. Popular in Rio’s socially and geographically marginalized periphery, fita (electrical tape) bikinis leave sharp and shocking tan lines that call attention to the contrast between lighter and darker skin. Brazil’s funk music sensation Anitta brings this aesthetic practice to the global stage as part of her brand, disrupting hegemonic beauty norms and attracting attention for herself and her fans. Through the public display of their bronzed sensuality, Brazilian women accrue “visibility capital” as they create new forms of bodily value and self-esteem in what we call a look economy. While global beauty hierarchies continue to promote and glorify whiteness, Anitta and fita tanners simultaneously turn heads (in person), attract eyeballs (online), and lay claim to the right to represent Brazil.

We study monitoring and enforcement for environmental compliance in the context of a transitional economy. We estimate the factors correlated with inspections carried out by the Chilean Superintendence of Environment, the imposition of fines to detected violators and the compliance behaviour of regulated facilities. The analysis considers 6,670 facilities from different economic sectors between 2013 and 2019. We find evidence of targeted monitoring and enforcement actions based on past facilities’ behaviour and individual specific characteristics. The size of the implemented fines on detected violators correlates positively with the severity and recurrence of the violation and larger fines are imposed on facilities in the energy and mining sector. We also find that the imposition of fines is transmitted as a spillover effect on the compliance behaviour of facilities sharing the same firm owner. We discuss the policy implications for improving monitoring and enforcement strategies under budget constraints.