This article explores the programs known as Project 100,000 and Project Transition developed within the Johnson administration during the Vietnam War. Viewing them as the intersection between the War on Poverty and the War in Vietnam, this article contends with how these programs were designed to serve the goals both of social uplift and crime prevention through the rehabilitation of low-IQ men via military service. The article analyzes the racialized aspects of these programs, as they were disproportionately composed of Black men, and questions the motivations behind the construction of Project 100,000 and Project Transition as a means of “transporting” America’s racial unrest abroad. At its core, the article argues that these programs were inherently at odds with the intense manpower demands of the Vietnam War and the reluctancies of military officials to properly train Project 100,000 men. The program formed another tragedy of the Vietnam era.

A key output of network meta-analysis (NMA) is the relative ranking of treatments; nevertheless, it has attracted substantial criticism. Existing ranking methods often lack clear interpretability and fail to adequately account for uncertainty, overemphasizing small differences in treatment effects. We propose a novel framework to estimate treatment hierarchies in NMA using a probabilistic model, focusing on a clinically relevant treatment-choice criterion (TCC). Initially, we define a TCC based on smallest worthwhile differences (SWD), converting NMA relative treatment effects into treatment preference format. These data are then synthesized using a probabilistic ranking model, assigning each treatment a latent “ability” parameter, representing its propensity to yield clinically important and beneficial true treatment effects relative to the rest of the treatments in the network. Parameter estimation relies on the maximum likelihood theory, with standard errors derived asymptotically from the Hessian matrix. To facilitate the use of our methods, we launched the R package mtrank. We applied our method to two clinical datasets: one comparing 18 antidepressants for major depression and another comparing 6 antihypertensives for the incidence of diabetes. Our approach provided robust, interpretable treatment hierarchies that account for a concrete TCC. We further examined the agreement between the proposed method and existing ranking metrics in 153 published networks, concluding that the degree of agreement depends on the precision of the NMA estimates. Our framework offers a valuable alternative for NMA treatment ranking, mitigating overinterpretation of minor differences. This enables more reliable and clinically meaningful treatment hierarchies.

This study assesses classification-based predictive maintenance (PdM) for aircraft engines on the NASA Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation dataset and addresses the lack of wide-scope, unified benchmarks. PdM is cast as a short-term binary task – predicting whether an engine will fail within the next 30 cycles – and a comparison is conducted across 10 machine-learning models (Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Extreme Gradient Boosting, LightGBM, CatBoost, and Gradient Boosting) and 3 deep-learning models (Multilayer Perceptron, Gated Recurrent Unit, and Long Short-Term Memory). A leakage-aware pipeline applies Min–Max scaling; class imbalance is handled with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique where appropriate; hyperparameters are tuned via GridSearchCV/BayesSearchCV; and performance is reported with accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve (ROC–AUC), complemented by Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) explainability and nonparametric significance tests. Sequence models delivered the strongest performance: LSTM achieved Accuracy = 0.981 (Macro-F1 = 0.92; ROC–AUC = 0.96), and GRU achieved ROC–AUC = 0.97 with Accuracy = 0.975. Among classical learners, LightGBM reached Accuracy = 0.972 (Macro-F1 = 0.86; ROC–AUC = 0.93). These gains over weaker baselines were statistically significant across folds. Framing PdM as near-term failure classification yields operationally interpretable alerts. Models that explicitly capture temporal dependencies (GRU/LSTM) best track short-horizon failure dynamics, while gradient-boosted trees offer competitive, lightweight alternatives. The benchmark and analysis (including SHAP) provide a reproducible reference for model selection in aviation PdM.

This paper explores the epistemic foundations of empathy and intersubjectivity in Edith Stein’s analysis, placing it in dialogue with Pope Francis’s reflections on the heart in his last encyclical, Dilexit Nos. Beginning with Stein’s development of empathy, the author examines how empathy grants us an awareness of the other’s inner experience, which is non-primordially present and foreign to the empathizing subject. While this structure reveals a fundamental asymmetry between self and other, it also leads Stein’s account of empathy to an epistemic insufficiency: it can describe the givenness of the other, but not the depth of relational life. At this insufficiency, I turn to Pope Francis’ notion of the heart as a lived space of spiritual life. The heart, in this vision, is where contradictions and polar tensions between self and other are not solved but held – a space of receptivity, affectivity, and interior openness. Drawing on the image of bamboo that survives precisely through its emptiness, I suggest that a spiritually receptive heart allows us to live in the asymmetrical experiences between self and without collapsing the other into abstraction.

This article argues for a metapoetic reading of the Talos episode in Apollonius of Rhodes, in which Medea symbolically annihilates Theocritus’ Polyphemus, the bucolic hero who had found a pharmakon to cure lovesickness. The distinctive phrases λεπτὸς ὑμήν ‘a thin membrane’ and σύριγξ αἱματόεσσα ‘a blood-filled vein’ are metapoetic signals: ‘a refined Callimachean marriage song’ and ‘bloody pan-pipes’, evoking Theocritus. The Cyclops’s peaceful response to romantic disappointment is well attested in other Hellenistic poems with medical overtones. The Talos episode engages these with other medical and Homeric allusions to contrast Medea’s outward destructive use of the Muses’ sciences with Polyphemus’ inward healing use.

Despite the existing evidence of effective strategies to reduce mental health risks at a reasonable cost, their adoption is still not easy for health professionals, especially in low-resource settings. Barriers and facilitators identification is then relevant for the adoption of evidence-based interventions in mental health care. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between barriers, facilitators and the implementation strategies to face them, related to the adoption of mhGAP Intervention Guide in primary care Mexican staff. A sample of 125 health professionals participated, after accrediting an online booster course, by answering the Facilitators and Barriers for mhGAP Adoption Questionnaire about the implementation of the mhGAP Intervention Guide, the implementation strategies to face those barriers and the adoption dimensions of frequency, usefulness and effectiveness of the mhGAP core components. The results revealed that Material was the most frequent facilitator for the implementation of mhGAP program, Application issues were the main barrier to its implementation and the most frequent implementation strategies reported were Assumed the barrier and Tailor the intervention, which was reported as the most effective strategy for achieving successful implementation outcomes. Barriers are discussed as important triggers for the adoption and adaptation of evidence-based practice.

This article brings critical human rights scholarship into the intersex sphere to unearth the potential limitations of the growing deployment of human rights to improve the health care experiences of intersex people. It traces the changing tactics of intersex activist groups and identifies three tendencies – reformism, coerciveness and juridification – that may be brought by the intersex movement and international agencies embracing human rights as the vernacular. This article argues that the dominance of the human rights approach, while allowing the intersex struggle to gain legitimacy, visibility and recognition, risks fuelling a depoliticised framework of remedicalisation and increased penality. It deflects attention from the endeavour of interrogating the social and cultural foundations rendering intersex variances a deviant form of embodiment.

This paper studies an optimal reinsurance problem for a utility-maximizing insurer, subject to the reinsurer’s endogenous default and background risk. An endogenous default occurs when the insurer’s contractual indemnity exceeds the reinsurer’s available reserve, which is random due to the background risk. We obtain an analytical solution to the optimal contract for two types of reinsurance contracts, differentiated by whether their indemnity functions depend on the reinsurer’s background risk. The results shed light on the joint effect of the reinsurer’s default and background risk on the insurer’s reinsurance demand.

Drill-seeded rice (DSR) offers several agronomic and environmental advantages over conventional puddled transplanted rice (PTR), including labor and water savings, reduced cultivation costs, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Despite these benefits, weed control remains a major bottleneck in the widespread adoption of DSR. Imidazolinone-resistant rice (IMI-rice), which allows the use of imidazolinone herbicides, has the potential to overcome weed control challenges in DSR and can therefore facilitate the transition from PTR to DSR. However, limited information exists on the effectiveness of IMI herbicide-based weed control programs in drill-seeded IMI-rice in northwestern India. Field experiments were conducted in Karnal, India, from 2020 through 2023 growing seasons to (1) evaluate the timing and rates of IMI herbicides for effective weed control in IMI-rice under DSR conditions, and (2) assess the potential carryover effects of IMI herbicides on succeeding crops. Results showed that sequential postemergence (POST) applications of imazethapyr—early-POST followed by (fb) late-POST at either 100 fb 150 or 125 fb 125 g ai ha-1 effectively reduced biomass by 83 to 100% for key weed species, including barnyardgrass, crowfootgrass, and Chinese sprangletop, compared to weedy check, and provided yields similar to weed-free treatment. These sequential POST treatments were consistently more effective than conventional herbicide program of oxadiargyl as preemergence (PRE) fb bispyribac-sodium as POST. Sequentially PRE fb POST applications of imazethapyr were relatively less effective in controlling weeds and minimizing yield losses compared to sequential POST applications. However, in the second and third years, oxadiargyl 90 g ai ha-1 as PRE fb imazethapyr 100 g ai ha-1 as POST achieved comparable weed control efficiency to the sequential POST applications of imazethapyr (125 fb 125 g ai ha-1). No visual phytotoxicity was observed on the succeeding crops of wheat, mustard, chickpea, lentil, and corn from any of the herbicide treatments applied in IMI-rice.

What does the institutionalisation of a protest movement into an opposition party in an electoral autocracy mean for its members? This article examines this question by analysing the conversion of People Power, a political pressure group in Uganda, into the National Unity Platform (NUP), focusing on the dilemmas of organisation, strategy and identity. NUP sought to broaden and institutionalise People Power’s activities to be seen as a credible party capable of holding state power. Simultaneously, its initial political weight was closely tied to the defiant, extra-parliamentary energy of the grassroots – a resource the party needed to preserve. These tensions were intensified by Uganda’s authoritarian context, where state repression and demobilisation intersected with uneven access to resources and patronage, producing frictions between privileged actors and grassroots members. The paper shows how these dilemmas generated frustrations among bottom-up constituencies and highlights the importance of examining intra-party processes from a grassroots perspective.

Modern translators and commentators have uniformly taken the phrase καὶ τιμωμένων ἀντετιμᾶτο in Max. Tyr. Or. 3.2 as a reference to Socrates’ reported proposal of a counter-penalty as depicted in the second speech of Plato’s Apology. This article suggests an alternative interpretation rooted in both the surrounding context of Or. 3 and an analysis of Greek forensic vocabulary and usage. The latter analysis also serves to cast doubt on the claim, common in discussions of Athenian law, that ἀντιτιμᾶσθαι served as the technical term for making a counter-penalty proposal.

The depth of a subgroup H of a finite group G is a positive integer defined with respect to the inclusion of the corresponding complex group algebras $\mathbb {C}H \subseteq \mathbb {C}G$. This notion was originally introduced by Boltje, Danz and Külshammer in 2011, and it has been the subject of numerous papers in recent years. In this paper, we study the depth of core-free subgroups, which allows us to apply powerful computational and probabilistic techniques that were originally designed for studying bases for permutation groups. We use these methods to prove a wide range of new results on the depth of subgroups of almost simple groups, significantly extending the scope of earlier work in this direction. For example, we establish best possible bounds on the depth of irreducible subgroups of classical groups and primitive subgroups of symmetric groups. And with the exception of a handful of open cases involving the Baby Monster, we calculate the exact depth of every subgroup of every almost simple sporadic group. We also present a number of open problems and conjectures.

Pleasure is widely thought to have intrinsic value. However, this thesis has been threatened by the argument that pleasure is a mental state that essentially involves the subject’s conative attitudes. Its value, then, would be subjective. Though the existing version of the argument can be resisted by simply rejecting the attitudinal theories of pleasure on which it is based, I will develop a new and more general version based on the reasonable hypothesis that the phenomenal character of pleasure is reducible to a physical or functional property. If this new version is convincing, then the most promising way to secure the intrinsicality of the value of pleasure and to escape all versions of the subjectivity argument might be to embrace a non-reductionist account of pleasure and its value.

Let $S_k$ denote the space of cusp forms of weight k and level one. For $0\leq t\leq k-2$ and primitive Dirichlet character $\chi $ mod D, we introduce twisted periods $r_{t,\chi }$ on $S_k$. We show that for a fixed natural number n, if k is sufficiently large relative to n and D, then any n periods with the same twist but different indices are linearly independent. We also prove that if k is sufficiently large relative to $D,$ then any n periods with the same index but different twists mod D are linearly independent. These results are achieved by studying the trace of the products and Rankin–Cohen brackets of Eisenstein series of level D with nebentypus. Moreover, we give two applications of our method. First, we prove certain identities that evaluate convolution sums of twisted divisor functions. Second, we show that Maeda’s conjecture implies a non-vanishing result on twisted central L-values of normalized Hecke eigenforms.