We present a case of a child with high-output heart failure and severe iron deficiency anaemia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy managed with serial blood transfusions, preload and afterload reducing agents, inotropic therapies, and long-term iron supplementation. The complete resolution of echocardiogram findings of moderate enlargement of all cardiac chambers and moderately depressed left ventricular systolic function was achieved.

The proliferation of social networks has caused an increase in the amount of textual content generated by users. The voluminous nature of such content poses a challenge to users, necessitating the development of technological solutions for automatic summarisation. This paper presents a two-stage framework for generating abstractive summaries from a collection of Twitter texts. In the first stage of the framework, event detection is carried out through clustering, followed by event summarisation in the second stage. Our approach involves generating contextualised vector representations of tweets and applying various clustering techniques to the vectors. The quality of the resulting clusters is evaluated, and the best clusters are selected for the summarisation task based on this evaluation. In contrast to previous studies, we experimented with various clustering techniques as a preprocessing step to obtain better event representations. For the summarisation task, we utilised pre-trained models of three state-of-the-art deep neural network architectures and evaluated their performance on abstractive summarisation of the event clusters. Summaries are generated from clusters that contain (a) unranked tweets, (b) all ranked tweets, and (c) the top 10 ranked tweets. Of these three sets of clusters, we obtained the best ROUGE scores from the top 10 ranked tweets. From the summaries generated from the clusters containing the top ten tweets, we obtained ROUGE-1 F score of 48%, ROUGE-2 F score of 37%, ROUGE-L F score of 44%, and ROUGE-SU F score of 33% which suggests that if relevant tweets are at the top of a cluster, and then better summaries are generated.

Improving community attitudes and behaviours is core to improving inclusion for people with disability. To identify ways to achieve such change, we analysed data from qualitative interviews with sixty-one expert stakeholders in Australia, informed by our preceding literature review on effective interventions. We identified five themes describing factors with the potential to change attitudes and behaviours to improve inclusion and reduce discrimination: ensuring people with disability have active presence across all life domains; leadership by people with disability, together with organisational and governmental leadership that values the diverse contribution of people with disability; a holistic approach to policy and interventions that targets multiple levels of change; long-term and adequately resourced initiatives to achieve structural and sustained change; and commitment to measuring and monitoring change interventions, to inform decisions and maintain accountability.

This paper explores how the years after World War II in Western Europe were an extreme case of working-class power. An initial theoretical discussion claims that while class can best be understood as a social category, at the same time politics in the broadest sense—and hence class-based movements—can shape social structure. This was the case in the in the post-World War II period when the working class dominated West European societies: especially perhaps in Britain, the “weight” of the working class shaped the nation. Trade union organization and state power ensured collective rights and were the basis for autonomous consumption; class identity was a source of pride. The end of this period saw trade union density continuing to increase. In the USA as well as in Western Europe, the power of management in the workplace was challenged. Especially in Western Europe, there was widespread radicalization of working-class youth. This was the last offensive of the working-class movement. However, power in the workplace remained essentially a veto-power. In the USA, oppositional politics became ethnic politics and even before de-industrialisation the white working class began to abandon its traditional politics. Nonetheless, in Western Europe the long shadow of the working-class movement ensured the partial survival of social rights long after the traditional social basis of the movement had withered away.

We examined brain and cognitive reserve related to bilingualism in older adults with, or at-risk for, Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging and the Quebec Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease. We used surface-based morphometry methods to measure cortical thickness and volume of language-related and AD-related brain regions. We did not observe evidence of brain reserve in language-related regions. However, reduced hippocampal volume was observed for monolingual, but not bilingual, older adults with AD. Thus, bilingualism is hypothesized to contribute to reserve in the form of brain maintenance in the context of AD.

Hate speech against individuals and groups with certain demographics is a major issue in social media. Supervised models for hate speech detection mostly utilize labeled data collections to understand textual semantics. However, hate speech detection is a complex task that involves several aspects, including topic and writing style. The complexity of hate speech can be represented by an ensemble of models learned from different aspects of data. Moreover, ensemble members or base models can be modified to give attention to particular aspects of hate speech. In this study, we extract different aspects of hate speech to construct ensembles, thereby improving the performance of hate speech detection by ensemble learning. We conduct detailed experiments on five datasets in multiple languages to generalize our observations. The experimental results, supported by statistical significance tests, show that the performance of hate speech detection can be improved by capturing multiple aspects of hate speech. Our ensemble construction approach outperforms the baselines in terms of the F1 score of the Hate class in 80% of the cases, and the Offensive class in 75% of the cases. We also compare our approach with state-of-the-art ensemble methods from shared tasks and find that our highest-performing method can improve the performance of the Hate class in two out of three datasets. We further discuss our approach and experimental results in terms of ensemble parameters and writing style among ensemble members.

Bilinguals frequently switch between languages. The present study examined cued language switching (CLS) longitudinally in bilingual Turkish–Dutch children with (n = 11) and without (n = 30) developmental language disorder (DLD) in a three-wave design with one-year intervals. We studied effects of dominance, indexed by language proficiency and exposure, on overall switching performance and the costs associated with switching between languages. Results show limited evidence for overall costs associated with language switching (i.e., only mixing costs in reaction times [RTs]). Further, accuracy on CLS increased with increasing dominance in the trial language. Moreover, better performance, and larger switching costs, were found in the majority (Dutch) compared to the minority (Turkish) language. These results are discussed in light of the sociolinguistic context. As hypothesized, more errors, longer RTs and slightly larger mixing costs were observed in children with DLD, suggesting overall word retrieval difficulties and difficulties with cognitive control.

Since Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, there have been thousands of instances of civilian casualties, damage to the natural environment and cultural property, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, blockading of ports, siege, capturing installations containing dangerous forces, and other consequences that accompany hostilities. In addition to the fatalities related to humans (civilians and combatants alike) and their property or environment, the war in Ukraine has also accounted for non-human tolls – namely, the destruction of animals or damage to their habitats.

The primary objective of this article is to study three patterns of animal suffering documented during Russia's invasion of Ukraine: (i) targeting zoos and killing zoo animals; (ii) extermination of the Black Sea dolphin population; and (iii) eating pigeons or other pets in besieged localities, and to analyse these patterns in the light of applicable rules of international humanitarian law (IHL).

The idea of this research is to underline that war can have a significant effect on various categories of animals, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine is just another example of this. The article also discusses how, and the extent to which international law can provide protection for animals in armed conflict, and whether there are any gaps in the applicable IHL rules related to the protection of animals.

Recent research shows that, even under direct insertion, loan verbs are subject to constraints: for instance, they enter non-finite categories more readily than finite categories. To deepen our understanding of such loan word accommodation biases we investigate two contact situations to test whether biases hold in contact between closely related languages. A corpus study on Norse and French loan verbs entering Middle English compares the proportions of their finite and non-finite usage to gauge the impact of etymology and temporal distance to direct contact on loan integration. We identify significant bias towards non-finite use for both etymologies, but it is stronger for French than for Norse loan verbs. This suggests that biases are stronger in some contexts than in others: they are more prominent at a smaller temporal distance to direct contact and in contact between languages that are less closely related.

Medical practitioners, inevitably scattered across the country, need frequent periodicals to communicate the latest medical information. Journals are an essential component of the infrastructure of modern medicine, yet they were slow to achieve firm roots in Britain during the eighteenth century, with few sustained quarterly periodicals and the only attempt at a monthly lasting a year. Then in 1799, Richard Phillips, owner of the Monthly Magazine, published the Medical and Physical Journal, the first sustained monthly medical journal, which lasted for thirty-four years. Ever since, Britain has never been without a monthly or weekly general medical journal. Responding to the need for a strong commercial focus, the Journal used a magazine format which blended reviews and abstracts of already published material with original contributions and medical news, and it quickly achieved a national circulation by close engagement with all types of practitioners across the country.

Contrary to the historiography, the Journal was distinctly different from the contemporaneous monthly science journals. The key to success was two-way communication with all practitioners, especially the numerous surgeons and surgeon-apothecaries who were increasingly better trained and confident of their status. Much of the content of the Journal was written by these readers, and with rapid, reliable distribution and quick publication of correspondence, controversial topics could be bounced back and forth between all practitioners, including the distinguished. Initially, the editors tried to maximise circulation by avoiding any controversy, but this started to change in the first few years of the next century.

Arterial oxygen saturation in single ventricle patients is dependent on systemic cardiac output. Here, we describe a case of a newborn with single ventricle physiology and an unusual mechanism to explain poor cardiac output and cyanosis. This case highlights the importance of identifying and considering ventricular morphology and ventricular-ventricular interactions to understand clinical challenges.

This article critically examines the significance of the relationship between past and present for understanding liberal democratic values in the European context. The article starts by reflecting on the terms used to evaluate the apparent decline in the rule of law in Europe, including ‘backsliding’. It argues that these terms are indicative of a conceptual framework of analysis that includes a temporal dimension but is only partly historical, demonstrating a presentist focus and a perception of the past as a separate period. The article links this perception with the conceptual construction of the rule of law itself, as well as national and transnational narratives about it, which evoke Europe’s non-democratic past as a definitional point of reference that is distinct from the present. Using examples of the legacies of Europe’s dark legal past, the article highlights the artificial nature of this distinction for a range of systems with differing historical experiences. The article argues that interpreting the past in terms of segmented and sequential temporal periods is conceptually contestable and it draws on the philosophy of history to show how the past can instead be understood to have ‘sedimentary’ layers and to endure over time. Ultimately, the article argues that the relationship between law’s past and law’s present needs to be reconceptualised in terms of metaphorical ‘fault lines’ in the rule of law, to acknowledge the potentially disruptive effects of history and to facilitate a critical reimagining of the rule of law’s theoretical and factual foundations.