Abimbola Ajirinsola Hannah Ajileye (born 1974) is a Deputy Director in the International and Comparative Law Department of Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Justice. A qualified legal practitioner with over two decades experience in private practice specializing in both criminal and family law, she transitioned to the Nigerian Civil Service in 2014. She has since held key roles within the Ministry of Justice, including Maritime Law Desk Officer (2018–20), and currently serves as Desk Officer for the International Criminal Court (since 2018) and International Humanitarian Law (since 2022). She is the IHL Focal Person for Nigeria’s National IHL Committee (since 2023) and a member of the Nigerian Bar Association, the International Bar Association, and the Federation of International Women Lawyers.

How best to rapidly assess the diversity of terrestrial arthropod communities has attracted considerable debate. In particular, what sampling methods should be combined to capture maximum species richness and sampling efficiency in surveys of arthropods. We tested the efficiency and complementarity of a standardised combination of six commonly used sampling methods (Malaise trap, flight intercept trap, pan trap, pitfall trap, Berlese funnel, and sweep net) at 13 locations across Canada. About 55% of species were collected by only one method; Malaise traps, sweep nets, and flight intercept traps contributed the highest diversity. We suggest the combined use of these collecting methods, possibly extended by other methods, for studies that seek to survey the canopy and soil fauna.

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) threaten democracy through their persuasive capabilities. Using two survey experiments (N = 10,417) and real-world simulations, we compare the cost-effectiveness of LLM chatbots against traditional campaign tactics, taking into account both the “receive” and “accept” steps in the persuasion process. Our design advances prior research by assessing extended human-LLM interactions and measuring short- and long-term effects across three political domains. We find that while LLMs are comparably persuasive to campaign ads once seen, real-world impact depends on both message reception and acceptance. Simulations estimate LLM-based persuasion costs $48–$75 per voter versus $100 for traditional methods. However, traditional methods currently scale more effectively. While LLMs do not yet offer substantially greater potential for large-scale persuasion, this may shift as capabilities improve and techniques for scalable exposure become feasible.

This study integrates multilingual text analytics with time-series modeling to examine how geopolitical narratives emerging around the 2022 Russia–Ukraine conflict align across Russian and Colombian media, drawing on a corpus spanning 2013–2023 that also encompasses the 2014 conflict period. Drawing on a corpus of more than 38,000 Spanish- and Russian-language news articles (2013–2023), we employ a six-stage pipeline combining multilingual NER, document-level sentiment scoring, e5-large-instruct embeddings, BERTopic clustering, and a semi-automated human-LLM labeling workflow. Narrative salience and tone were aggregated to weekly, log-normalized series and analyzed using linear regression and Granger causality tests (lags 1–4 weeks), providing a descriptive view of temporal coupling rather than evidence of direct causal influence.

The period surrounding the 2022 invasion produced the clearest and most coherent patterns. Across four macro-narratives (Security & Conflict, Diplomacy, Economy, and Politics & Society), Russian and Colombian coverage exhibited sequential alignment in which shifts in narrative volume were often followed by shifts in evaluative tone. Thirty-two of forty-four target–topic pairs displayed significant lag structures prior to false-discovery correction ($p<0.05$), with 25 surviving Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment. Categories with lower geopolitical salience (Technology, Health, and Off-topic) displayed less consistent temporal coupling, though this contrast is offered as descriptive context rather than a formal control. While these results do not imply coordinated messaging, they indicate recurring forms of narrative mimicry, understood here as patterned convergence in framing and sentiment across media ecosystems.

By demonstrating how transformer-based semantic representations can be integrated with human-in-the-loop interpretation and classical time-series analysis, this study contributes a reproducible workflow for tracing narrative trajectories at scale. The approach provides a methodological foundation for examining how geopolitical frames circulate, mutate, and align across linguistic and regional boundaries, offering new possibilities for computational humanities research on transnational discourse.

Age-related syntactic processing abilities are not only associated with linguistic competence in later life but also reflect cognitive decline progression. However, findings remain inconsistent regarding older adults’ performance in processing complex syntactic structures. While clinical studies frequently utilize speech pauses to assess syntactic processing abilities and cognitive impairment risk in ageing populations, relatively few investigations have examined how pauses modulate syntactic processing from a perceptual perspective. Using event-related potential (ERP) techniques, this study examined behavioural and electrophysiological responses in 24 Mandarin-speaking older adults and 24 younger adults under conditions of varying syntactic complexity (garden-path [GP] versus ‘non-garden-path’) and pause existence (pause-absent versus pause-present). The results demonstrated significant ageing effects: older participants exhibited longer reaction times (RTs), enhanced P600 amplitudes and reduced mean power in θ-band and α-band compared to younger adults. Notably, pauses improved older adults’ accuracy in processing GP sentences, which elicited larger P600 amplitudes. Furthermore, pauses facilitated increased activation of both N400 and P600 components. These findings collectively suggest that pauses effectively facilitate complex syntactic processing in Mandarin-speaking older adults.

A solution $(x,y,z) \in \mathbb {Z}^3-\left \{ (0,0,0) \right \}$ to a generalized Fermat equation (1)

$$ \begin{align} A\textsf{x}^{a} + B\textsf{y}^{b} + C\textsf{z}^{c} = 0 \end{align} $$

$\gcd (x,y,z) = 1$

$\chi = \tfrac {1}{a} + \tfrac {1}{b} + \tfrac {1}{c} - 1$

The Roman Curia is the body of institutions that assist the pope in his ministry as supreme pastor of the Catholic Church. The much-awaited reform of the curia, by means of the Apostolic Constitution Praedicate Evangelium, gave rise to strong hopes of decentralization and efficiency at the Vatican and the church. However, a close reading of this new norm does not immediately lead to concluding that any more ecclesiastical competences of the Holy See have been transferred to particular churches. Instead, the reform may be characterized as a decentralization of procedures, rather than competences, and a passionate call for the spiritual conversion and professionalism of Vatican officials. The reform is also in line with the type of synodal church that Pope Francis announced from the beginning of his pontificate, in which decisions are made after listening to everyone who is affected by that decision and by everyone who has something to contribute to the discussion. In this article, the author offers, for readers who are not experts in the law or doctrine of the Catholic Church, a discussion of the main changes brought by the reform, their significance, and possible consequences, as well as some recent changes introduced after the election of Pope Leo.

Despite the exponential rise in the number of couples cohabiting, across Europe, cohabitants are unable to access comprehensive legal protections. To strengthen calls for reform, this paper advocates for the adoption of a human rights framing and traces its potential development. It begins with an analysis of the current discourse and offers an explanation as to why there is limited engagement with human rights argumentation. The focus will then shift to the need for a human rights framing. Through an analysis of the merits of such, it will be demonstrated that the common criticisms of a human rights framing are not applicable in the cohabitation context. Moreover, it will be argued that, owing to a previous judicial recognition of human rights infringements, the debate is primed for the adoption of a novel framing. This paper will conclude by considering how a human rights framing could be applied in practice.

It is widely held that theories of well-being must satisfy the criterion of descriptive adequacy. According to the criterion, an adequate theory of well-being must optimally fit our everyday experiences and judgments relating to well-being. This article argues that there is no such criterion that constrains theories of well-being. First, it examines in detail the reasons for which the criterion was originally introduced. Second, it argues against the criterion, on the grounds that well-being is essentially normative and normative theories more generally are not subject to any such constraint. Third, it considers two objections relating to reflective equilibrium and thick normative concepts. Finally, it explores the implications of rejecting the criterion for evaluating theories of well-being and for integrating the philosophy and science of well-being. A positive lesson of the article is that taking the normativity of well-being seriously from a meta-ethical perspective has implications for first-order theorizing about well-being.

Since the first attempts to organize as a collective in the mid-1980s, with the surge of the new management models in a democratic and decentralized Spain, both archaeology and labor have changed considerably. Although many old battles to recognize the profession are still alive, other initiatives have strengthened the archaeological ecosystem in the country. On the horizon, addressing the structural challenges of work precarity in archaeology. Temporary contracts, low salaries, lack of legal, and administrative recognition, and deficiencies in basic rights (for example, in health and safety) are some of the problems we have been facing for decades, and now we are closer to counteracting them. This paper will review (1) the recent history of Spanish archaeology and the formation of the current archaeological ecosystem; (2) collective action to improve working conditions in Spanish archaeology over the last decades; (3) the latest actions from the Spanish Platform of Professional Archaeologists (PEPA) to overcome hindrance; and (4) the dream of a common front in Europe (and beyond) to achieve the profession we want to have. Although sometimes this struggle is frustrating, a retrospective view of the events and the achievements gained over the years brings hope for the future and some significant steps forward.

This article argues for the importance of motherhood as a category of historical analysis. This review will explore trends in the historiography of motherhood in modern Britain, first examining maternalist literature, then the turn towards maternity policy, examinations of motherhood and activism, and finally the recent turn towards experiential histories of motherhood. It suggests that these approaches have grown more expansive, but often remain disconnected. The article argues that motherhood is not a fixed identity; it has been defined, challenged, and performed in response to specific historical moments. In drawing these together, the article offers new ways to understand the histories of motherhood and mothering, and opens up potential avenues for future exploration.

Groups often agree that change is needed, but differing preferences and information may still lead to difficulty coordinating on a particular alternative. In a laboratory experiment, we study coordination and information aggregation in a divided-majority voting game with public information and conflicting preferences. Voters observe private signals and a public signal about whether alternative $A$ or $B$ is socially optimal. Unless sufficiently many voters agree, an inferior default $C$ occurs. When the public signal is more accurate than the private signal and voters have common preferences, most voters coordinate on the public signal. However, when public-signal accuracy is reduced or preferences conflict, voters follow the public signal less frequently. While reduced public-signal accuracy substantially increases the frequency of coordination failure, conflicting preferences between subgroups do not. These results highlight the importance of accurate public information in achieving collective action.