Philosophical practice has emerged as a transformative discipline that bridges theoretical inquiry and everyday life. Originating in the late 20th century, the field integrates counselling, therapy, and other practical applications of philosophical insights to address existential and pragmatic challenges faced by individuals, groups, and organizations in contemporary society. This article examines the definition, historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and methodologies of philosophical practice, while discussing prospects for professionalization — including certification, ethical guidelines, and integration within healthcare and education systems. Ultimately, this study underscores the potential of philosophical practice to revitalize the relevance of philosophy, foster personal growth, and enhance societal well-being.

Previous research on biomarkers of individual differences in sensitivity to caregiving contexts has largely focused on children’s parasympathetic activity, commonly indexed by RSA. Recent work, however, suggests that the parent–child dyadic RSA concordance may also provide important insight into heterogeneity in the links between parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment outcomes. This study is among the first to characterize dyadic patterns of RSA concordance between behaviorally inhibited children aged 3.5 to 5 years old (54% female, 47% White) and their caregivers (n = 107 dyads) across tasks designed to mimic children’s exposure to novel social interactions while parents observed their children navigating these tasks. Furthermore, we examined dyadic RSA concordance as a potential moderator of the associations between nurturing and intrusive parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment problems, as reported by teachers and parents. We found that a more positive concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated similar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks) protected against teacher-reported internalizing problems in the context of low parental nurturance. A negative concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated dissimilar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks), however, exacerbated the risk for parents’ reports of children’s externalizing behaviors in the context of high parental intrusion.

While literature on English modality has usually focused on traditional modal and semi-modal verbs, to our knowledge, no attention has ever been given to the emerging be having to (BHT) construction. Through corpus analysis conducted on GloWbE, ICE, BNC and CLMET, this article investigates the semantic differences between have to and BHT that make them distinct in the English constructicon. We demonstrate that BHT conveys meanings of contingency, reluctance and inchoativity, and propose that its recent emergence may stem from a specific functional gap within the English modal system. While have to appears to be gradually grammaticalizing with future-oriented functions, BHT seems to be renewing the original (and less grammaticalized) dynamic functions of have to. Finally, we explore the productivity of the construction across different English varieties and the reasons for its lower frequency in postcolonial varieties. The hypothesis of negative retentionism proposes that a feature that was absent in the lexifier language at the time of contact may indeed be found to be less frequently used in the contact variety at a later stage due to colonial lag.

Surveys continue to be the most common research tool in American politics. Yet, there are normative, ontological, and conceptual concerns that render these techniques incomplete, especially when deployed in the study of marginalized people. This article argues that survey research is limited mainly in the study of race, gender, sexuality, and class because it fails to capture the intricacies of political life. Furthermore, the general exclusion of marginalized voices in survey research represents a major concern for the veracity of our findings. In response, I suggest three recommendations to help political scientists extend survey methods and tell more comprehensive stories about the political experiences and attitudes of marginalized people. I contend that political science departments must make qualitative methods required training for graduate students; political scientists must engage in feminist methodologies in building their research agendas; and researchers studying marginalized people must engage in multimethodological research approaches that provide context and detail about the lived experiences of vulnerable people.

This paper is based on the Lanchester Lecture of the Royal Aeronautical Society held in London, UK, in October 2023. The lecture discussed the advances in computational modeling of separated flows in aerospace applications since Elsenaar’s Lanchester Lecture in 2000. Elsenaar’s efforts focused on assumptions primarily associated with separation for steady inflow and a static (non-moving) vehicle or component. Since that time, significant advancements in computational hardware, coupled with substantial investments in the development of algorithms and solvers, have led to important breakthroughs in the field. In particular, computational aerodynamics techniques are currently applied to complex aerospace problems that include unsteady or dynamic considerations, such as dynamic stall and gusts, which are discussed. A perspective of the technology developed over the past quarter-century, highlighting their importance to computational aerodynamics is discussed. Finally, the potential of future areas of development, such as machine learning, that may be exploited for the next generation of computational aerodynamics applications is explored.

Why are populist radical-right party activists intensely motivated to become involved in their party? These activists combine disaffection with politics, anxiety and the emotion dynamic known as ressentiment on the one hand, with high-intensity, low-reward political activism and a sense of long-term political efficacy on the other hand. This article contributes to a better understanding of the expressive, emotional and identity-based incentives behind party activism. It proposes a Spiral of Ressentiment model. In this model, individuals’ complex emotions of ressentiment are transformed into collective ressentiment through relationships within the party. The party relieves this ressentiment by providing a sense of belonging and hope for the future, but party messages and stigmatization then reignite ressentimentful feelings. This study uncovers the feedback loop through which populist radical-right parties both alleviate and encourage ressentiment emotions by analysing 50 in-depth interviews with Vlaams Belang local activists and party representatives.

The right to equality in South African law gives rise to duties borne by both the state and private actors. In the law of succession, this constrains private testators’ powers to discriminate. Doctrinal developments bear this out: in King v De Jager and Wilkinson v Crawford, a majority of the Constitutional Court extended the reach of anti-discrimination duties to private testamentary decisions. I evaluate these judgments through two lenses: a normative lens that focuses on the principled underpinnings of the Court’s approach to substantive equality, autonomy and the public / private divide; and an adjudicative lens that surveys how these duties should be given effect to avoid proliferating parallelism. I argue that the judgments are welcome and confirm that the private sphere is not insulated from demands of equality, but they nevertheless neglect the importance of both equality legislation and a harmonized approach to adjudicating the anti-discrimination duty’s reach into common law.

The first precise, biostratigraphically bracketed U-Pb dates on the middle Middle Cambrian come from the Rte. 111 ash (new) in the lower Manuels River Formation of southern New Brunswick. Manuels River black mudstone (Avalonian depositional sequence [Ads] 8) unconformably overlies Fossil Brook Member greenish mudstone (Ads 7) of the Chamberlain’s Brook Formation, and the two units should not be combined into a ‘Forest Hills Formation’ (abandoned). This unconformity marks the trans-Avalonian (i.e., Rhode Island–Belgium) green–black boundary and onset of ca. 26 Ma of dysoxic/anoxic marine deposition. Trilobites and agnostids correlate the surprisingly endemic, upper Paradoxides abenacus Zone and Rte. 111 ash into the Hypagnostus parvifrons Zone (Drumian) in Avalonian Wales, Baltic upper ‘Acidusus’ atavus Zone and upper Mawddachites hicksii–lower Paradoxides davidis zones of Avalonian Newfoundland and Britain. The Manuels River Formation in SE Newfoundland and coeval Nant-y-big Formation in South Wales have not yielded ash dates. However, our U-Pb zircon analyses of the Rte. 111 ash in the lower Manuels River in southern New Brunswick yield statistically identical ages of 501.44 ± 0.10 and 501.45 ± 0.08 Ma. The Ads 7–8 unconformity is locally 6–10 m lower in New Brunswick and is somewhat older. Our ages for the Rte. 111 ash show the lower Drumian is significantly younger than previous estimates, is ca. 4.9 Ma younger than the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary, and debunks claims of a continuous Lower–Middle Cambrian succession in Avalonian New Brunswick where a ca. 7 Ma hiatus is present.

The recent proposal by NHS England to establish specialist mental health crisis centres has prompted considerable discussion. This editorial examines the initiative, which aims to reduce accident and emergency pressure and provide tailored care. However, it raises significant questions about the potential to exacerbate systemic fragmentation. Concerns highlight inadequate funding, the risk of resegregation of mental health from physical care and increased stigma if not properly integrated. This article argues that true holistic care requires seamless integration, advocating strongly for co-located mental health and medical emergency departments, which have shown improved outcomes. Ultimately, the success of these centres depends on addressing wider NHS issues, robust evaluation and a comprehensive vision prioritising the entire mental health pathway, from prevention to long-term recovery, to genuinely transform patient lives.

Social determinants of health (SDH) impact older adults’ ability to age in place, including their access to primary and community care services. Yet, older service users are infrequently consulted on the design and delivery of health services; when they are consulted, there is scant recruitment of those who are Indigenous, racialized and/or rural. This study aimed to identify SDH for socially and culturally diverse community-dwelling older adults and to understand their views on how primary and community care restructuring might address these SDH. We recruited a diverse group of 83 older adults (mean = 75 years) in Western Canada and compared quantitative and qualitive data. The majority resided rurally, identified as women, lived with complex chronic disease (CCD), had low income and/or lived alone; nearly a quarter were Indigenous or Sikh. Indigenous status correlated with income; gender correlated with income and living situation. Thematic analysis determined that income, living situation, living rurally, Indigenous ancestry, ethno-racial minority status, gender and transportation were the main SDH for our sample. Income was the most predominant SDH and intersected with more SDH than others. Indigenous ancestry and ethno-racial minority status – as SDH – manifested differently, underscoring the importance of disaggregating data and/or considering the uniqueness of ‘BIPOC’ groups. Our study suggests that SDH models should better reflect ageing and living rurally, that policy/decision makers should prioritize low-income and ethno-racial minority populations and that service providers should work with service users to ensure that primary and community care (restructuring) addresses their priorities and mitigates SDH.

This article critically examines the frequent claim that Pherecydes of Syros deliberately composed his treatise to be read figuratively. More specifically, it is argued that mythopoeic images from the sixth century BCE ought to be distinguished from Classical and Hellenistic allegories lest later categories and distinctions be anachronistically projected onto an archaic thinker. Since this study shows how mythopoeic images are used to fill conceptual gaps in abstract discourse, and how philosophical vocabulary arises in the process of metaphorization, its findings might have implications beyond the context of Pherecydes’ contribution to the development of the allegorical tradition.

Houses of worship are often shelters after the storm. Yet, as climate change fuels natural disasters and communities increasingly rely on congregations during disaster recovery, are houses of worship ready to be houses of refuge? Examining clergy influence, does a higher concern about climate change by clergy result in improved congregational disaster readiness? Data for the study come from a 2019 nationwide survey of clergy. The survey includes measures of congregational disaster preparedness along with one of the first applications of the SASSY climate concern measure to clergy. Results show that clergy have mixed opinions about climate change and that congregations led by high climate-concern clergy are no more prepared for disasters than those led by unconcerned clergy. While seemingly a null result, understanding the relationship between leaders, climate change, and disaster preparedness benefits the study of leader influence on organizations, religion and climate change, and the politics of disaster resilience.

The study of animal welfare is essential for undergraduates seeking to pursue careers with animals, yet pedagogical research on this topic is limited. While animal welfare is an accepted (albeit relatively new) scientific discipline, student views on animal welfare as a science require further exploration. This article reports the findings from a mixed-methods action research project undertaken at Harper Adams University (HAU) in the UK. Undergraduate student questionnaire responses (n = 123) revealed key attitudinal constructs related to animal welfare, and relationships to demographic factors. Students overwhelmingly defined animal welfare in terms of health; however, rural (compared to urban) students more often perceived ‘naturalness’ as important in the maintenance of good welfare. Notions of what constitutes good animal welfare appeared to be mediated by prospective career paths. For instance, veterinary nursing students were more likely to define animal welfare based upon resource-based measures and appropriate treatment of animals, which may link to their future role in educating clients on these topics. Finally, student attitudes toward animal welfare science revealed deeper epistemological views on the meaning of ‘science’. That is, natural sciences were seen as trustworthy; students invoked the Scientific Method and disciplines such as neurobiology to bring credence to animal welfare science. Conversely, aspects of animal welfare addressed by the social sciences were dismissed as unscientific. Based on these results, recommendations for action are proposed, which include further research into the attitudes of educators, strategies for engaging with dissatisfied student groups, and elevating the social sciences within animal welfare curricula.

This article studies the identification of complete economic models with testable assumptions. We start with a local average treatment effect ($LATE$) model where the “No Defiers,” the independent IV assumption, and the exclusion restrictions can be jointly refuted by some data distributions. We propose two relaxed assumptions that are not refutable, with one assumption focusing on relaxing the “No Defiers” assumption while the other relaxes the independent IV assumption. The identified set of $LATE$ under either of the two relaxed assumptions coincides with the classical $LATE$ Wald ratio expression whenever the original assumption is not refuted by the observed data distribution. We propose an estimator for the identified $LATE$ and derive the estimator’s limit distribution. We then develop a general method to relax a refutable assumption A. This relaxation method requires finding a function that measures the deviation of an econometric structure from the original assumption A, and a relaxed assumption $\tilde {A}$ is constructed using this measure of deviation. We characterize a condition to ensure the identified sets under $\tilde {A}$ and A coincide whenever A is not refuted by the observed data distribution and discuss the criteria to choose among different relaxed assumptions.