Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications in job scheduling are expected to help schedulers embed their requirements into scheduling models in a more user-friendly way to generate customized scheduling results. However, there are still very few such applications, while using existing general-purpose GenAI services is inconvenient and prone to data leakage risks. To solve these problems, this study established a GenAI job scheduling system. By hosting the GenAI job scheduling system locally, schedulers can avoid the leakage of order- or recipe-related information that may occur when uploading to the cloud-based GenAI service. In the GenAI job scheduling system, a user interface is designed for users to enter queries in natural language. The user’s query is then analyzed to extract his/her requirements related to the scheduling task, thereby building an extended three-field notation (ETFN) of the scheduling problem. A customized genetic algorithm (GA) is generated to help solve the mathematical programming (MP) model corresponding to the ETFN, thereby updating invalid code or adding new code to the basic GA application. The effectiveness of the GenAI job scheduling system has been tested in a flexible job shop case.

Qualitative data and analysis can enrich our understanding of key questions in behavioural public policy. In this perspective, I make the case for incorporating qualitative approaches better and more often into our research. I offer practical ideas on how to do this, and a call for action from researchers, reviewers, editors, policy makers and our Higher Education and funding institutions.

Sharing, harmonizing, and analyzing participant-level data is of central importance in the rapid research response to emerging pathogens. Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs), which synthesize participant-level data from related primary studies, have several advantages over pooling study-level effect estimates in a traditional meta-analysis. IPD-MAs enable researchers to more effectively separate spurious heterogeneity related to differences in measurement from clinically relevant heterogeneity from differences in underlying risk or distribution of factors that modify disease progression. This tutorial describes the steps needed to conduct an IPD-MA of an emerging pathogen and how IPD-MAs of emerging pathogens differ from those of well-studied exposures and outcomes. We discuss key statistical issues, including participant- and study-level missingness and complex measurement error, and present recommendations. We review how IPD-MAs conducted during the COVID-19 response addressed these statistical challenges when harmonizing and analyzing participant-level data related to an emerging pathogen. The guidance presented here is based on lessons learned in our conduct of IPD-MAs in the research response to emerging pathogens, including Zika virus and COVID-19.

Translational science methods often fall short due to the complexity of the healthcare delivery environment. We developed a methodology that involves multiple interest holders working within a pre-competitive consortium to develop solutions to translational barriers. The methodology supports innovative collaboration in a stepwise fashion: elucidating challenges, designing solutions, enabling implementation, monitoring, learning, disseminating, and catalyzing. Cases that benefit most from a structured collaborative methodology are those where diverse needs require elucidation and alignment. Application of the methodology to develop regulatory, clinical, and business innovations has shown the importance of an innovation facilitator and the capacity-building potential of collective skill enhancement.

Clozapine is the only medication specifically recommended for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but research suggests that it is universally underprescribed, particularly among children and adolescents. This article discusses clinicians’ reluctance to prescribe clozapine for all age groups, and outlines its benefits for treatment-resistant schizophrenia in young people. It summarises guidelines on clozapine therapy for adults, including initiation, monitoring and adverse and side-effects, and describes how they can be applied to a younger population. Psychiatrists who care for younger people have consistently highlighted a wish for more learning opportunities focusing on clozapine, such as the content of this article.

We investigate the impact of corruption on female leadership in Brazil using cross-sectional municipal-level data. Our findings suggest that corruption significantly reduces the proportion of working women in leadership roles. Additionally, corruption decreases female representation in leadership relative to men, though this effect is less robust. When examining sectors most vulnerable to corruption, the results remain largely consistent, but we also note that women tend to avoid these sectors entirely. Our findings suggest that corruption acts as a significant barrier to female leadership.

Let M be an open Riemann surface and $n\ge 3$ be an integer. In this paper, we establish some generic properties (in Baire category sense) in the space of all conformal minimal immersions $M\to{\mathbb{R}}^n$ endowed with the compact-open topology, pointing out that a generic such immersion is chaotic in many ways. For instance, we show that a generic conformal minimal immersion $u\colon M\to {\mathbb{R}}^n$ is non-proper, almost proper, and ${\mathfrak{g}}$-complete with respect to any given Riemannian metric ${\mathfrak{g}}$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. Further, its image u(M) is dense in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ and disjoint from ${\mathbb{Q}}^3\times {\mathbb{R}}^{n-3}$, and has infinite area, infinite total curvature, and unbounded curvature on every open set in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. In case n = 3, we also prove that a generic conformal minimal immersion $M\to {\mathbb{R}}^3$ has infinite index of stability on every open set in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$.

The current study investigates farmers’ behavioral intentions toward adopting biopesticides in India, integrating the theory of planned behavior and health belief model. The models were further expanded by the inclusion of a control variable, Government Initiatives. A total of 468 responses from four districts (Patna, Bhagalpur, Purnea, and Saharsa) in Bihar were collected by face-to-face surveys and analyzed using the SmartPLS 4 software by structural equation modeling to assess the correlation between the constructs. The hypothesis testing employs a bootstrapping method with 5,000 iterations. The present study demonstrated a strong positive correlation between all variables derived in the integrated model. Perceived severity strongly influenced farmers’ attitudes toward adopting the use of biopesticide. Furthermore, subjective norms and government initiatives emerged as the most important factors influencing farmers’ intentions toward adopting biopesticide. Premium price, low effectiveness, and reduced crop productivity emerged as significant challenges to the adoption of biopesticides. To address these challenges, this study suggests providing farmers with affordable solutions and resources in collaboration with the government. The proposed study provides significant information and facilitates the understanding of farmers’ inclinations to utilize biopesticides. The government and policymakers can address key barriers to the adoption of biopesticides—such as income inequality—by offering subsidies for organic food production, developing an efficient and dedicated supply chain for input and output organic produce, and formulating strategies to optimize the use of biopesticides in order to promote long-term sustainability.

Sludge is one of the most important yet underappreciated problems in modern society. Examples of sludge include unnecessarily complex paperwork requirements, hard-to-navigate documents and websites, long waiting time, and unfriendly or confusing staff interactions. However, little is known about whether some people are more vulnerable to and less accepting of some types of sludge than others. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey with 1,591 participants from Ireland, we show that people report being particularly vulnerable to outdated websites with broken links, unfriendly staff interactions, complex documents laden with jargon, and hard-to-navigate websites. These are also the types of sludge that are least acceptable. Less vulnerability is reported to long waiting times and requirements about having to provide private information. We find only minor differences in sludge perceptions depending on whether the sludge emerges in the public or the private sector. Moreover, people with poor mental health report being more vulnerable to and less accepting of sludge. Self-reported administrative literacy is related to less reported vulnerability, and the tendency to procrastinate and a lack of time and mental energy predict more reported vulnerability to sludge. Administrative literacy and a lack of mental energy also predict acceptability of sludge.

This article offers the first critical edition of and philological commentary on a previously unpublished prefatory text (Ἕτερον προοίμιον) transmitted under the name of Theophilos Korydalleus and found in over forty-five manuscripts of his Aristotelian Logic. It examines the status, content, and manuscript transmission of this brief philosophical treatise, which has hitherto been neglected in favour of the more extensive prologue printed in the 1729 edition. Drawing on new manuscript evidence, particularly a marginal scholion by Iakovos Argeios (Add MS 7143, British Library), the study argues that the Ἕτερον προοίμιον constitutes the authentic preface by Korydalleus himself, whereas the longer prologue should be attributed to his disciple and successor Ioannes Karyophylles. This attribution, if accepted, sheds light on the process of textual interpolation and ideological appropriation within the Patriarchal Academy of Constantinople during the late seventeenth century. The study situates the controversy over the two prologues within the broader intellectual and political conflict between the Korydallean tradition, represented by Karyophylles, and the faction aligned with Alexander Mavrokordatos. By highlighting the interplay between manuscript transmission, authorship, and institutional power, the article contributes to ongoing efforts to reassess the contours of post-Byzantine philosophical education and the editorial challenges posed by early modern Greek Aristotelianism.